共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
沙滩水体中溶解性石油烃的降解及吸附研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以海水体系和海水-砂体系作为对比,研究了沙滩水体中溶解性石油烃的降解及吸附作用。实验结果表明,1d内海水中石油浓度的降低主要是由于砂的快速吸附作用,3d以后生物对石油烃的降解作用逐渐占据优势。两种体系中降烃菌数量及石油浓度的变化曲线表明,砂对油的快速吸附显著降低了海水中石油污染物的浓度,使得海水含砂体系中石油降解菌的数量远高于海水体系。海水中石油污染物的降解符合一级动力学模式,当含砂体系中砂的粒径不同时,石油污染物降解的半衰期可由海水体系的31.9d缩短到22.4d和19.5d。系统中砂的存在有利于海水中石油污染物的去除,有约20%的石油污染物被吸附到砂上,然而这种去除是物理去除。 相似文献
2.
滨海沙滩石油污染物吸附与释放的实验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在胶州湾海域石油污染调查的基础上,选择滨海沙质滩涂作为研究对象,采用自行设计的小型波浪槽模拟试验装置,测定沙土对可溶性油吸附和释放的动力学曲线,并系统分析波浪高度、潮汐作用和海水循环对可溶性油的吸附和释放作用的影响.研究结果表明,沙土对可溶性油的吸附符合对数型的动力学曲线,其吸附平衡时间约为10 h;沙土释放的可溶性油浓度随时间具有一定的波动性.此外,在高波作用下,沙土对可溶性油的吸附速率、吸附量和释放速率、释放量都更加明显. 相似文献
3.
为了研究海洋沉积物对0#柴油配制的石油溶液的吸附解吸规律,采集了厦门湾15个站点的沉积物作为研究对象,分析了沉积物的主要理化特征之后,在实验室条件下,以SS5号站点沉积物为代表,模拟沉积物对石油的吸附-解吸过程,测定了沉积物对石油吸附、解吸的动力学曲线和吸附等温线.研究结果表明：沉积物对石油的吸附的平衡时间为0.76 h,解吸的平衡时间为7.8 h,沉积物对石油的吸附速率高于解吸速率,并且石油被沉积物吸附以后不会完全解吸出来.沉积物对石油的吸附等温线具有线性规律,接近理想吸附.研究还表明：沉积物对石油的吸附量与石油的浓度,沉积物粒径等因素有关. 相似文献
4.
研究201×7、201×4、D201 3种阴离子交换树脂对人工浓海水中的溴离子吸附性能,结果表明,201×7树脂的吸附效果最好。该树脂的静态饱和吸附量达到25.94 mg.g-1,流速为2.3 mL.min-1时的动态饱和吸附量为13.42 mg.g-1,因此选择201×7树脂作为吸附剂。通过静态吸附实验,测得298 K时吸附速率常数k298=1.7×10-3s-1;热焓ΔH=67.75 kJ.mol-1;在解吸过程中,确定了柠檬酸钠溶液作为解吸剂。201×7树脂吸附溴离子的过程符合Freundlich吸附等温式。通过动态吸附实验,研究了海水流速对201×7树脂吸附溴离子的影响。探讨了201×7树脂吸附溴离子的机理,结果表明,溴离子在201×7树脂上的吸附机理主要是Br-与—N+(CH3)3之间的静电作用。 相似文献
5.
在现场自然地理、水文地质条件调查的基础上,对青岛海水浴场采集砂和海水样品进行主要物理化学性质分析,探讨吸附机理的影响因素,通过吸附试验建立砂样对可溶性油吸附的动力学方程和吸附等温线,经过批量试验确定温度、盐度和pH值对吸附量的影响。研究结果表明,砂土对可溶性油吸附的平衡吸附量为90~110 mg/kg,吸附平衡时间为14~16 h,符合Henry型直线等温物理吸附。对等温式进一步分析发现,当水相中可溶性油浓度低于一定数值时,不但不产生吸附,反而会使污染沙滩上的残留油分释放出来,造成二次污染。 相似文献
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大亚湾养殖海区沉积物中营养盐的解吸——吸附 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
研究了天然海水体系大亚湾养殖海区表层沉积物营养盐的解吸－吸附规律。结果表明,沉积和扣磷酸盐和硅酸盐解吸２小时基本达到平衡,而铵盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐０．５小时内基本达到平衡;各营养盐的解吸随ＰＨ值（小于８）降低而增大,随ＰＨ值（大于８）升高略有增加;盐度仅在低于１０时对各营养盐的解吸有影响。研究了磷酸盐在沉积物上的吸附等温线。 相似文献
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近岸沉积物对海水中放射性核素吸附与解吸性能的实验室研究,国外已有报道,随着我国核能工业的发展,我们在这方面也做了一些探讨,但是关于海底沉积物层对海水中放射性核素垂直吸附性能的研究尚未见报道。近岸沉积物对放射性同位素垂直吸附性能的研究;对特定海区水体自净能力及放射性核素迁移规律的研究都有重要意义,作者应用模拟示踪方法对该问题进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
11.
Meagan Eagle Gonneea Paul J. Morris Henrieta Dulaiova Matthew A. Charette 《Marine Chemistry》2008,109(3-4):250
Over the past decade, radium isotopes have been frequently applied as tracers of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). The unique radium signature of SGD is acquired within the subterranean estuary, a mixing zone between fresh groundwater and seawater in coastal aquifers, yet little is known about what controls Ra cycling in this system. The focus of this study was to examine controls on sediment and groundwater radium activities within permeable aquifer sands (Waquoit Bay, MA, USA) through a combination of field and laboratory studies. In the field, a series of sediment cores and corresponding groundwater profiles were collected for analysis of the four radium isotopes, as well as dissolved and sediment associated manganese, iron, and barium. We found that in addition to greater desorption at increasing salinity, radium was also closely tied to manganese and iron redox cycling within these sediments. A series of laboratory adsorption/desorption experiments helped elucidate the importance of 1) contact time between sediment and water, 2) salinity of water in contact with sediment, 3) redox conditions of water in contact with sediment, and 4) the chemical characteristics of sediment on radium adsorption/desorption. We found that these reactions are rapid (on the order of hours), desorption increases with increasing salinity and decreasing pH, and the presence of Fe and Mn (hydr)oxides on the sediment inhibit the release of radium. These sediments have a large capacity to sorb radium from fresh water. Combined with these experimental results, we present evidence from time series groundwater sampling that within this subterranean estuary there are cyclic periods of Ra accumulation and release controlled by changing salinity and redox conditions. 相似文献
12.
A novel approach to in situ extraction of Cs radionuclides from seawater is described which offers many advantages over previous methods. Cesium (stable and radioactive) is partially stripped from seawater as it passes in series through a tandem cartridge consisting of twin beds of ion exchange resin impregnated with cupric ferrocyanide. It is demonstrated that, when seawater passes through this cartridge at a constant flow-rate, collection efficiencies of each bed are the same, allowing the calculation of the seawater Cs nuclide concentration. The cartridge is made of inexpensive, readily available, PVC pipe fittings and is easily deployed under various field conditions. Procedures are described for resin preparation and desorption and radiochemical purification of the collected Cs. Thousands of liters of seawater can be stripped of Cs in this way, permitting substantial improvement in the sensitivity of measurement of 134Cs and 137Cs. 相似文献
13.
The absorption spectra of suspended phytoplankton cells and pigments of chloroplasts are compared. The effect produced by differences in the absorption spectra on the spectral dependences of the brightness coefficients of the radiation emerging from seawater as well as on the colur index value is analysed. The methodical error in determining the phytoplankton concentratiion and other seawater components is estimated using the results of measurements of brightness coefficients and colour index. It is conditioned by the approximate representation of the phytoplankton's absorption spectra.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
14.
Microplastics provide an important medium for hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs), and the desorption of HOCs from microplastics is an important process for the dynamics of HOCs associated with microplastics. Although desorption kinetics has been studied for microplastics with ideal geometries, most of the microplastics isolated from the environment are irregular fragment-type microplastics. This study investigated the desorption of six model HOCs from polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) fragments to artificial seawater and compared the results with those predicted assuming ideal geometries (e.g., sphere and infinitely flat sheet) of microplastics. The experimental desorption was explained well by the model predictions with the characteristic radius for a sphere and the thickness for a plate estimated from visual imaging. The mass fraction remaining at the later stage of desorption was higher than the model simulation assuming a single characteristic length, likely due to the heterogeneity of the particle size distribution. Although there are inevitable uncertainties, it would be useful to assign a single length dimension in desorption modeling for even fragment-type microplastics, especially for the estimation of desorption half-life. 相似文献
15.
Surface sediment samples taken from the East China Sea off the Changjiang estuary are used as raw materials for phosphorus releasing experiment. It is found that after being thoroughly mixed with seawater for about 10 minutes, phosphorus released from the sediments reaches its maximum value. Adsorption kinetics can be fitted with both Elovich equation and two-constant rate equation. The releasing amount is closely related to the composition of the sediments. Phosphorus release from silty and muddy sediment is higher than from that dominated by sandy composition. For the desorption reaction, iron-phosphorus(Fe-P) is the most active one, with a releasing ratio higher than other phosphorus forms,followed by absorbed-phosphorus (Ad-P) and organic bound phosphorus (OP). All of them can be referred to as bio-available phosphorus. The results demonstrate that phosphorus in sediments can be released into seawater under suitable hydrodynamic conditions, and have a great impact on the nutrition state and primary productivity of marine biosphere. 相似文献
16.
Takafumi Hirata 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):561-566
An irradiance inversion model to estimate the in situ absorption coefficient of seawater has been developed for the Ultraviolet-A (UVA) wavelength domain. Input parameters are
sun angle and the up-and downward planar irradiances measured for at least two depths. The present method does not require
seawater to be sampled, and is a discrete wavelength method which returns the absorption coefficient at a given wavelength
from the irradiances measured at that wavelength without assuming a spectral shape of any optical properties a priori. Comparison between the model results and spectrophotometric measurements shows that the model is practically useful when
cloud cover in the atmosphere is ≤ 50%. According to the present method, measurements of the irradiances enable simultaneous
observation of the in situ underwater UVA radiation level and the absorption capacity of bulk seawater using a radiometer. 相似文献
17.
An intercomparison study of voltammetric and atomic absorption spectrometric methods for determining cadmium, lead and copper in seawater samples was conducted. The voltammetric approach utilizes differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry using a rotating, glassy carbon, mercury film electrode under conditions developed to minimize contamination sources and to enhance sensitivity for seawater matrices. The atomic absorption approach involves a concentration step using either an organic solvent extraction of metal dithiocarbamate chelates or a Chelex-100 column with detection by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Similar and consistent results were obtained using both methods for the three trace metals studied on a wide range of natural seawater samples. Both methods are comparable in sensitivity for cadmium and copper, however the voltammetric method is better suited for the analysis of lead in seawater because of its enhanced sensitivity and low blank. An advantage of the voltammetric approach is its amenability towards real-time shipboard analysis. 相似文献
18.
Pierre Anschutz Thomas SmithAurélia Mouret Jonathan DebordeStéphane Bujan Dominique PoirierPascal Lecroart 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
Sandy sediments of continental shelves and most beaches are often thought of as geochemical deserts because they are usually poor in organic matter and other reactive substances. The present study focuses on analyses of dissolved biogenic compounds of surface seawater and pore waters of Aquitanian coastal beach sediments. To quantitatively assess the biogeochemical reactions, we collected pore waters at low tide on tidal cross-shore transects unaffected by freshwater inputs. We recorded temperature, salinity, oxygen saturation state, and nutrient concentrations. These parameters were compared to the values recorded in the seawater entering the interstitial environment during floods. Cross-shore topography and position of piezometric level at low tide were obtained from kinematics GPS records. Residence time of pore waters was estimated by a tracer approach, using dissolved silica concentration and kinetics estimate of quartz dissolution with seawater. Kinetics parameters were based on dissolved silica concentration monitoring during 20-day incubations of sediment with seawater. We found that seawater that entered the sediment during flood tides remained up to seven tidal cycles within the interstitial environment. Oxygen saturation of seawater was close to 100%, whereas it was as low as 80% in pore waters. Concentrations of dissolved nutrients were higher in pore waters than in seawater. These results suggest that aerobic respiration occurred in the sands. We propose that mineralised organic matter originated from planktonic material that infiltrated the sediment with water during flood tides. Therefore, the sandy tidal sediment of the Aquitanian coast is a biogeochemical reactor that promotes or accelerates remineralisation of coastal pelagic primary production. Mass balance calculations suggest that this single process supplies about 37 kmol of nitrate and 1.9 kmol of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) to the 250-km long Aquitanian coast during each semi-diurnal tidal cycle. It represents about 1.5% of nitrate and 5% of DIP supplied by the nearest estuary. 相似文献
19.
Trichloro-n-octadecyl silanized porous glass is used to sample compounds of low polarity from natural seawater. Recoveries of some spike compounds were found to be semiquantitative. However, silanized porous glass is easy to keep free of contamination, has a comparatively high adsorption capacity, and permits the fractionated desorption of sampled compounds. 相似文献