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采用热酚水法提取点带石斑鱼(Epinephelus malabaricus)病原溶藻弧菌VAL02菌株的内毒素脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)。用提取的LPS按15、30、60μg·只-1和VAL02菌株颗粒抗原按1×108(不加佐剂)和1×108cell·只-1。(加佐剂)的方式免疫Balb/c小鼠,经1次基础免疫和6次加强免疫后,间接ELISA检测。结果表明颗粒抗原加佐剂免疫组效果最好。 相似文献
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本文应用免疫组织化学方法,对健康大黄鱼和患溶藻弧菌病大黄鱼组织中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(macrophage migration inhibitory factor,MIF)蛋白进行了检测,以研究溶藻弧菌病大黄鱼组织中MIF的表达情况及其对预后的影响。结果表明,MIF在健康大黄鱼头肾、脾、肠各组织中均无表达;MIF在溶藻弧菌病大黄鱼各组织中高表达,表达强度从弱到强依次是肠、脾、头肾,MIF表达阳性率分别为:56%、64%、92%。推测MIF在大黄鱼溶藻弧菌病发病中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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溶藻弧菌的PCR快速检测方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为建立溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)的PCR快速检测方法,本研究根据弧菌toxR基因的高变区序列设计1对扩增片段为161 bp的引物,进行了特异性和敏感性试验.结果表明该方法能特异地检测溶藻弧菌,每个PCR反应检测的敏感度为0.01 pg的DNA和3.7CFU的细菌.用溶藻弧菌人工感染大菱鲆,以建立的PCR方法检测感染鱼的肝、脾、肾阳性检出率为100%.该方法可用于对感染溶藻弧菌的水生动物疾病进行诊断. 相似文献
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为快速分析组织样本中的海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)载量,本研究选取海豚链球菌特异性基因SimA作为目的基因,建立了海豚链球菌的实时荧光绝对定量检测方法。该方法最低检测值为1.93×102拷贝数/μL,在1.93×102～1.93×109拷贝数/μL间有良好的区分度,同时重复实验的变异系数低于1%,具有较高的重现性。该方法可特异性地检测海豚链球菌,与坎氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、副溶血弧菌等10种病原菌不发生交叉反应。用建立的绝对定量方法检测卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)浸泡感染海豚链球菌后组织菌体的载量,结果显示,随着感染时间的延长肝、脾、心、肾、脑、鳃、肠等组织的海豚链球菌载量呈上升趋势。但组织间也存在较大差异。在感染后的12～24 h,脑为菌体载量最高的组织,肠为菌体载量最低的组织;在感染后的48～72 h,肾为菌体载量最高的组织,鳃为菌体载量最低的组织。由此推断,浸泡感染的海豚链球菌对卵形鲳鲹的脑、肾组织嗜性最强,对脾、肝、心、肠和鳃组织嗜性相对较弱。研究结果表明,本研究... 相似文献
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采用病理形态学方法与免疫组化法进行了黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) 爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)感染的动态病理学与病原分布研究。结果表明, 感染鱼主要临床特征为游动缓慢, 旋游, 体表出血, 腹部膨大, 腹腔内充有淡黄色或含血的腹水, 肝、脾与肾肿大, 出血; 病理组织学上, 感染后8—12h, 肝细胞空泡变性和间质性肾炎; 24h后肝出现局灶性坏死, 肾小管上皮变性和更严重的间质性肾炎, 脾出血和淋巴细胞坏死; 48h 后, 肝、脾、肾坏死更严重, 致感染鱼死亡。感
染后8h, 在肝脏检测到病原菌阳性信号, 12h 后, 在肝、肾、脾中检出阳性信号, 48h 后, 在肝、肾、脾、心、脑、鳃、肠道等都检出阳性信号, 表明爱德华氏菌腹腔注射感染黄颡鱼首先侵袭肝、肾、脾, 然后是心脏、脑、鳃、胃肠等。 相似文献
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采用组织学方法,获得患肾肿大症美国红鱼的心、脾、肾、肝、肠和鳃6种组织,利用组织切片以及超薄切片电镜技术对患病组织的病理变化进行了研究分析,探讨该病的致病机制。患病红鱼解剖后主要症状为:体表溃烂,部分病鱼鳍条上有肿块;病鱼肾脏显著肿大,体积甚至达到正常肾脏的1()倍;肝脏、脾脏及胆囊等也有肿大现象;有些病鱼脏器上有白色结节。组织病理显示:美国红鱼肾肿大症的主要表现为肾脏有典型的肉芽肿,大量炎性细胞浸润,肾小管管壁破裂、坏死;肝脏中肝实质有充血现象,实质细胞呈空泡变性;脾脏充血,现大量病变的红细胞,有脂肪样变。超徽病理显示:肾近曲小管上皮细胞凋亡现象严重,肾小管内刷状缘排列稀疏;肝细胞坏死严重,肝细胞界限模糊不清;脾脏组织脾窦扩张,有大量凋亡红细胞和淋巴细胞。实验结果表明:美国红鱼肾肿大症的组织细胞结构发生明显的病理变化,肾脏和肝脏等主要组织器官受到严重损伤病变,使鱼体不能进行正常的生命活动,最后导致死亡。 相似文献
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补体是鱼类免疫系统重要的组分, 具有识别和消除外来病原体, 激活免疫细胞, 调控获得 性免疫等功能。在免疫组织中, 补体调节因子大约占据了补体成分的二分之一, 当受到外界病原刺激 时会迅速活化补体成分, 并且进一步聚合形成酶复合物发挥一系列免疫效应。CFH 和CFHR2 是补体 替代途径重要的调节因子, 对于补体系统正常运转必不可少。为此, 本文测定了大黄鱼补体调节因子 CFH 和CFHR2 基因的cDNA 全序列, 并对基因组织特异性表达和溶藻弧菌刺激后基因mRNA 表达 量的变化等方面进行了研究。CFH 和CFHR2 序列全长分别为1332 bp 和1170 bp, 分别编码443 和 389 个氨基酸, N 端信号肽序列分别为24 和32 个氨基酸。推导的氨基酸序列结构分析表明大黄鱼 CFH 和CFHR2 基因具有RCA 蛋白家族的典型特征, 即含有多个保守的CCP 结构(补体控制蛋白). 实时荧光定量PCR 结果显示, CFH 和CFHR2 在健康大黄鱼的肝、脾、肾、肠、脑、胃、心和肌肉 这8 种组织中都有表达, 其中肝脏的表达量显著高于其它几种组织。溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus) 侵染了健康的大黄鱼之后, CFH 和CFHR2 的mRNA 表达量均明显上调, 并且随着感染时间的变化呈 现不同的上升趋势。结果表明补体调节因子mRNA 表达量的变化与溶藻弧菌的侵染密切相关, 表明 了CFH 和CFHR2 可能在大黄鱼自身免疫机制中发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
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副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是海水养殖动物弧菌病的主要病原菌之一。为实现对该菌的现场快速检测,本文以制备的兔抗副溶血弧菌多克隆抗体作为金标抗体,提取副溶血弧菌的外膜蛋白、鞭毛蛋白、胞外产物和全菌蛋白,以不同浓度的4种抗原蛋白作为4条检测线(T1~T4),特别在T4线设置全菌蛋白,基于竞争免疫层析原理研制出副溶血弧菌胶体金快速检测试纸。使用该试纸检测了副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)、鳗弧菌(V.anguillarum)、溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)和鱼肠道弧菌(V.ichthyoenteri),检测结果表明其能够准确鉴别副溶血弧菌感染,排除其他菌的交叉反应干扰。副溶血弧菌快速检测试纸的最低检测限为5×105 cfu·mL^-1,感染副溶血弧菌的牙鲆组织的检测结果与ELISA结果一致。本文研制的试纸具有较高的特异性与准确性且操作简单,为现场快速检测副溶血弧菌提供了有力工具。 相似文献
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利用组织切片及超薄切片电镜技术对患溃疡病大黄鱼的骨骼肌、鳃、肝、肾、脾、肠6种组织进行病理学分析,探讨溃疡病的发生机理.组织病理显示,溃疡病的病变性质为变质性炎症,主要表现为骨骼肌肌丝断裂,炎性浸润;鳃丝肿胀,鳃小片溶融,细胞变性坏死;肝实质细胞空泡化,结缔组织异常;肾脏弥散性出血,肾小管上皮细胞异常;脾脏和肠也产生炎性症状.超微病理显示,骨骼肌肌丝排列紊乱,肌丝碎裂,线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂;肝脏组织及细胞内大量脂肪积聚表现明显的脂肪变性,肝内细胞大量坏死并溶融,核肿胀破裂溶解,胞内线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂;肾脏组织细胞发生形变,胞核异常;脾内细胞可见明显的纤维化;肠壁黏膜细胞结构破坏或消解,肠壁结构严重破坏.结果表明,大黄鱼溃疡病的组织细胞结构发生了明显的病理变化,全身性组织严重损害,肝、脾、肾等重要器官功能衰竭,丧失正常的生理代谢作用;病鱼的摄食能力也逐渐减退或丧失,终至死亡.最后提出一些防治大黄鱼溃疡病的建议. 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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E. Wolanski P. Colin J. Naithani E. Deleersnijder Y. Golbuu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):705-716
Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献