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1.
The sedimentary system of Kalimantan has undergone significant development since the Oligocene. Previous research have largely ignored the capacity of the Cretaceous–Eocene sediments to produce hydrocarbons,focusing instead primarily on the Oligocene–Miocene coal as the principal source rocks. Shales and coals from the outcrops in the northern margin of Kalimantan were analyzed with palynological and geochemical methods to characterize the palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological differences bet... 相似文献
2.
南黄海北部表层沉积物中生物标志物的组成特征及其地球化学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对南黄海北部14个站位的19个表层沉积物样品进行了粒度、有机碳、GC-FID和GC-MS-MS测定,探讨沉积物有机质中生物标志物组成特征及地球化学意义。研究区表明,沉积物有机碳含量较高,正构烷烃呈双峰分布,具有明显奇偶优势、平均L/H为0.36,说明沉积物中陆源高等植物贡献占优,分析对比表明其沉积物可能主要来自古黄河输入。类异戊二烯烃Pr/Ph均值0.46,表明有机质沉积于强还原环境;Pr/C17和Ph/C18值均小于1,并且随深度有减小的趋势,反映了研究区微生物的降解作用。甾类化合物C29豆甾烷>C（?）胆甾烷>C28麦角甾烷,说明萜类化合物和甾类化合物主要为陆相输入。较高OEP值、高丰度的藿烯和莫烷及甾烷S构型含量均反映了现代沉积物中有机质未熟-低熟特征,但由于原始母质影响和微生物发育,Ts/Tm和C31αβS/（S+R）、C32αβS/（S+R）、C33αβS/（S+R）和C29αββ/（ααα+αββ）值较高。 相似文献
3.
采用气相色谱-质谱技术对南极半岛东北海域海底表层沉积物的总有机碳、有机质碳同位素(δ13 Corg)和生物标志化合物等进行了测试分析。研究区表层沉积物总有机碳TOC平均值高于现代深海沉积物中的平均含量。δ13 Corg的变化说明该海域有机碳来源呈海洋水生生物来源和陆源混合的特征。正构烷烃的峰型分布、主峰碳、饱和烃轻重比C-21/C+22和(C21+C22)/(C28+C29)、甾烷组合和藿烷组合证实研究区西部表层沉积物有机质来源以陆源高等植物为主,其陆源可能来自于附近的南极半岛和南舍得兰群岛;研究区东部表层沉积物有机质来源偏以海源为主,且以低等浮游生物、藻类及细菌生物等海源输入为主。碳优势指数(Carbon preference index,CPI)、奇偶优势指数(Odd-even Predominance,OEP)和甾烷C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)比值显示研究区D1-7站位和D5-9沉积物有机质演化程度较高,D5-2和D2-4站位的有机质演化程度低,其他站位介于中间状态。饱和烃中姥鲛烷、植烷及其比值(Pr/Ph)等组合显示研究区西部以氧化-弱还原的沉积环境为主,其可能是受高温低盐别林斯高晋海水流和附近火山喷发的影响所致;研究区东部以还原—强还原沉积环境为主,可能是受低温高盐的威德尔底层水(WSBW)和威德尔海深层水(WSDW)影响所致。 相似文献
4.
利用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对8种海洋硅藻的四种主要光合膜膜脂的分子结构和组成进行了定性定量分析。结果表明,海洋硅藻中MGDG含量最高,占四种光合膜膜脂的40%~70%左右,SQDG其次占10%~40%,而PG在4%~20%之间,DGDG占5%~20%;其中,各脂类分子的含量在0.14~99.79 nmol/mg干藻之间,而C16:3/C16:3-MGDG,C20:5/C16:3-MGDG,C20:5/C16:2-DGDG,C20:5/C16:1-DGDG,C16:1/C16:1-DGDG,C14:0/C14:0-SQDG,C14:0/C16:0-SQDG,C14:0/16:1-SQDG,C14:0/C16:3-SQDG和C18:1/C18:1-PG等脂类分子在8种海洋硅藻的每一类膜脂中均有分布;与高等植物膜脂的脂肪酰基分布不同的是,海洋硅藻的MGDG与DGDG的sn-2位上的脂肪酸全部为C16酸,可推断是通过类似高等植物典型的原核途径合成,而C16酸和C18酸在SQDG和PG的sn-2位上均有分布,可推断SQDG和PG存在原核和真核两种合成途径。 相似文献
5.
本文对海南岛东部上升流边缘区域(S5站位)和上升流中心区域(S10站位)两根沉积柱进行了正构烷烃和脂肪酸的分析，结合有机碳含量、粒径、碳稳定同位素(δ13C)等参数综合分析其有机质来源与降解特征，并利用脂肪酸硅藻丰度参数∑C16∶∑C18重建了研究区域上升流强度年际变化。研究结果表明:S10站位处于上升流中心附近，粒径较粗，以砂为主；S5站位处于上升流边缘区域，粒径较细，以粉砂为主；两站位柱样δ13C值和长短链脂肪酸比值(∑C20?:0/∑C20+:0)显示有机质均以海源输入为主，S10站位有机质降解程度大于S5站位。脂肪酸中硅藻丰度参数和浮游植物脂肪酸占比指示了S10站位初级生产力高于S5，并利用∑C16∶∑C18指征了研究区域上升流强度及年际变化趋势。上升流强度在1925?1950年，1950?1980年和1980?2008年间表现为弱、强、弱的趋势，与太平洋年代际振荡(Pacific Decadal oscillator，PDO)年际变化趋势一致；推测厄尔尼诺?南方涛动(El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation，ENSO)在短时间尺度上可能对上升流强度有一定调节作用，但长时间尺度上可能主要受PDO调节作用。 相似文献
6.
神狐海域Site4B表层沉积物中脂肪酸组成及其碳同位素分布特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过对神狐海域表层5个沉积物样品进行脂肪酸组成及其碳同位素分布特征测试和研究,结果表明总脂肪酸含量分布为5.14~8.99 μg/g,碳数分布范围从C12到C32,类型包括正构饱和脂肪酸、支链脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和类异戊二烯酸等计48种;样品中饱和的短链脂肪酸主要来自细菌与浮游生物,而长链饱和脂肪酸来自陆源高等植物,其比例表明研究海域中海洋细菌与浮游生物输入量远远大于陆源高等植物的输入。支链脂肪酸10me16:0与单不饱和脂肪酸18:1ω9、16:1ω9主要来自硫酸盐还原菌,而单不饱和脂肪酸16:1ω7很大可能来源于硫氧化菌,比较相对含量得出神狐海域表层沉积物为还原环境。样品中检测出8种类异戊二烯酸,主要是植烷酸和17,21-ββ二升藿烷酸,及少量的姥鲛酸,推测为叶绿素a和细菌微生物的共同贡献。 相似文献
7.
Jingqi Xu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(3):76-88
The hydrocarbon gases in the L1 gas field of the Lishui-Jiaojiang Sag have been commonly interpreted to be an accumulation of pure sapropelic-type thermogenic gas. In this study, chemical components, stable isotopic compositions, and light hydrocarbons were utilized to shed light on the origins of the hydrocarbon fluids in the L1gas pool. The hydrocarbon fluids in the L1 gas pool are proposed to be a mixture of three unique components:mid-maturity oil from the middle Paleocene coastal marine Lin... 相似文献
8.
长江口柱状沉积物中甾醇的组成特征及其地球化学意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对长江口两个柱状沉积物中有机质的GC-MS分析,检出C27-C29甾烷醇、C27Δ5,C28Δ7和C29Δ22甾烯醇以及C30Δ22烯醇(4α,23,24-三甲基-5α-胆甾-22-烯醇)7种主要甾醇生物标志化合物.8站位沉积物中以陆源输入为主的C29甾醇的相对丰度最高,在17站位深层沉积物中也以C29甾醇为主,而其表层沉积物中则是以海洋浮游动物输入为主的C27甾醇的相对丰度最高.在所有的样品中甾醇都经历了较强的加氢还原作用,相同碳数的甾烷醇的相对丰度远远高于其相对应的甾烯醇的相对丰度.随着沉积深度的增加,甾烯醇的加氢还原作用越强,且由于两个站位不同的沉积环境,8站位甾烯醇的加氢还原作用更强. 相似文献
9.
本文报道了爱丝湖沉积物中烃类的分布特征。经分析鉴定,该湖沉积物中烃类分布主要包括正构烷、烯烃,环状和非环状异戊二烯烃等。这些烃的来源可归属于两种即藻类和细菌,其中来源于细菌的有:植烷、2,6,10,15,19-五甲基二十烷、角鲨烷、蕨烯-7、12-新藿烯和22(29)-藿烯等。来源于藻类的有:甾烯、C_(15)、C_(17)和C_(19)正构烷烃、长链C_(29)二烯和姥鲛烷等。研究表明某些典型的烃类可能出自藻种和菌种,从而进一步说明爱丝湖的沉积环境变化。 相似文献
10.
The geochemical signatures of fifty-four rock samples and three supplementary drill stem test(DST) oils from the Yacheng-Sanya formations in the central Qiongdongnan Basin(CQB) were analysed. Reconstruction of the early Oligocene-early Miocene(36–16 Ma) palaeovegetation and source analyses of organic matter(OM) were conducted using aliphatic biomarkers in ancient sediments and DST oils. Both the interpreted aquatic and terrigenous OM contributed to the CQB source rocks(SRs) but had varying relat... 相似文献
11.
CH3I、CHCl3、C2HCl3和CH2Br2是挥发性卤代烃4种重要成分，对大气化学产生重要影响。于2018年10月在西太平洋进行船基现场培养实验，研究微量元素Fe (50 nmol/L)、酸化(pH=7.9)、酸化(pH=7.9)和微量元素Fe (50 nmol/L)耦合作用、微量元素Fe (50 nmol/L)和N/P (16∶1)耦合作用及沙尘(4 mg/L)对浮游植物释放CH3I、CHCl3、C2HCl3和CH2Br2含量的影响。结果表明，与对照组相比，实验组CH3I、C2HCl3和CH2Br2的释放均被不同程度抑制；CHCl3的释放除添加沙尘时表现抑制作用外，其他条件下均为促进作用；实验组培养周期内叶绿素a浓度较高，而营养盐浓度变化规律不明显。总的来说，酸化和微量元素Fe可能是影响浮游植物释放挥发性卤代烃的重要限制因素，沙尘对促进浮游植物生长繁殖的影响更为显著。 相似文献
12.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(5):836-859
We investigated amino acids and pigments in particles settling through the water column of the Southern Ocean and showed that spatial and temporal differences in phytoplankton source and consumer population influence sinking particle composition. Sediment traps were deployed along 170°W from November 1996 to March 1998 as part of the United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (US JGOFS) Antarctic Environment Southern Ocean Process Study (AESOPS) program. Peak fluxes of amino acids and pigments occurred during austral spring and summer (November–April) and were highest in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Compositional changes in pigments and total hydrolyzed amino acids demonstrate how the source of sinking particles varies with latitude and suggest that sinking material was most degraded in relatively diatom-depleted regions and toward the end of the high-flux period (February–March). At the Subantarctic Front, high proportions of pheophytin and β-alanine illustrate the important role of microbes in degradation. Further south at the Antarctic Polar Front, glycine, pyropheophorbide, and pheophorbide enrichments reflected a greater contribution of diatoms and greater processing by zooplankton grazers. Even further south in the ACC, enrichments of the diatom pigment fucoxanthin, diatom cell wall indicators glycine and serine, and diatom frustule-bound amino acids suggested the settling of empty frustules and aggregates. Despite being protected by the mineral, diatom-bound amino acids were not preferentially preserved between shallow and deep traps, possibly because of silica dissolution and a relatively small amount of organic carbon remineralization. Our results show that organic matter at diatom-rich stations is removed by mechanisms that do not result in the appearance of organic matter degradation indicators. Recent observations that calcium carbonate has a higher carrying capacity for sinking organic matter than silica may be related to diatom silicification, physiological status and decomposition pathway. 相似文献
13.
对29种(株)海洋微藻进行不充气培养,用Bligh-Dyer法提取总脂,皂化后氯仿和正己烷(体积比为1:4)提取甾醇,BSTFA衍生后用岛津QP2010气相色谱-质谱分析仪进行GC/MS分析.从29种海洋微藻中共检测到47种甾类化合物,鉴定出36种甾醇和一种甾酮.其中,4位无甲基Δ5甾醇在所有的微藻中均有分布,一些高等生物中常见的甾醇如胆甾醇、菜子甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、谷甾醇和褐藻中常见的岩藻甾醇等,在微藻中均有广泛的分布.相对而言,4位无甲基5位饱和甾(烷)醇、4-甲基甾(烷)醇和双羟基甾醇的分布则相对较少,其中许多甾醇如甲藻甾醇、巴夫甾醇、C27:2(Δ5,22/24Me)和C28:3(Δ5,7,22/24Me)等,只在一种藻或同一纲的微藻中被检测到,可以作为对应微藻或对应纲微藻的特征甾醇.认为海洋微藻甾醇的研究可以为海洋微藻化学分类学及饵料营养学研究提供重要参考依据. 相似文献
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15.
中华绒螯蟹幼蟹维生素C营养需求研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在每100g等氮、等能纯化饲料中分别添加0,100,200,400,800,1 000mg维生素C(Vc)多聚磷酸酯(LAPP),用这样配制成的试验饲料饲喂已淡化5d的河蟹大眼幼体及后续幼蟹25d,探讨Vc对大眼幼体和幼蟹生长、存活、蜕壳频率及抗逆性的影响,同时探明幼蟹对Vc的适宜需求量,结果表明,饲料Vc添加量为100~400mg/100g时,可以保证幼蟹正常生长、存活和蜕皮,尤其以投喂添加Vc200mg/100g(C2组)和400mg/100g(C3组)饲料的Ⅲ期幼蟹增重率、存活率和平均蜕皮频率较高,其中C2组(上述各指标值)分别为516.18%,62.83%,2.58,C3组分别为458.89%,66.17%,2.61;饲料中缺少Vc时(如C0组),Ⅲ期幼蟹的增重率、存活率和平均蜕皮频率最低,分别为265.31%,26.67%和2.26.饲料中Vc的添加量达到800mg/100g(C4)和1 000mg/100g(C5)时,幼蟹的蜕皮反而受到抑制,平均蜕皮频率降低,蜕皮周期延长,且存活率降低,到Ⅲ期幼蟹的增重率、存活率和平均蜕皮频率在C4组分别为355.7%,31.33%,2.39,在C5组分别为307.53%,28.56%,2.19.此外,各处理组幼蟹对抗逆性影响的试验表明,在一定的范围内,饲料中添加Vc能提高幼蟹的耐低氧能力和耐pH突变能力,而对耐盐度突变能力没有明显的影响.综合上述结果可以得出,为保持幼蟹良好生产性能,饲料中添加的Vc? 相似文献
16.
DETERMINATION OF THE DIRECTION AND VELOCITY OF INTERNAL TIDE WAVE BY MEANS OF MEASUREMENTS AT SINGLE STATION 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the method for determining the direction and velocity of internal tide wave is proposed. The main points are as follows: (1) starting with the continuity equation of incompressible fluid and taking the isotherm whose balance position is situated in the middle of the thermocline as the interface of two-layer ocean, one can get an equation of variations of average total current in the lower and upper layers; (2) WTide (Z) in the above-mentioned equation is expressed in first-order approximation; (3) the internal tide waves are treated as wave packets. Thus, one finds out a statistical relation, AΔu BΔv =ζ, which correlates the average shear effect caused by the internal tide wave with the isothermal fluctuation. The direction and velocity of the wave can be drawn from the formulae: (((1=Arctg (A/B), C1=1/(H0(A2 B2)~1/2).The calculated results agree, in the main, fairly well with two sets of observations at station L3. 相似文献
17.
《Marine Chemistry》2001,73(1):65-81
Radiocarbon (Δ14C) abundance and stable carbon isotope (δ13C) compositions were measured for total lipid, total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), total carbohydrates (TCHO), and acid-insoluble organic fractions separated from phytoplankton, zooplankton, and sediment cores collected from two abyssal sites, one in the northeast (NE) Pacific Ocean and one in the Southern Ocean. These results are compared with those obtained for a separate core from the NE Pacific and reported by Wang et al. [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 1365.]. An uncharacterized acid-insoluble fraction dominated (43–57%) the sediment TOC pool at both sites. Sediment collected from the NE Pacific exhibited higher TOC, TN. and higher Δ14C values and contained both labile (THAA and TCHO) and refractory (lipid and acid-insoluble) fractions. In contrast, sediment from the Southern Ocean had much lower TOC and Δ14C values, which indicated that organic matter was extremely refractory. Sedimentation rates calculated from 14C ages of TOC for both sites indicate that the differences in the organic composition and Δ14C signatures of organic matter in the sediments likely resulted from the differences in production and deposition of organic matter to the sediment, and the diagenetic stages of sedimentary organic matter in the two oceans.Unlike Δ14C, stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) compositions of TOC in the sediments of the two oceans had similar values, which reflect not only the organic matter input from marine-derived sources but also the nature of degraded, predominately uncharacterized organic fraction in these sediments. The differences in δ13C values among the compound classes in sediments at both sites can be attributed to the carbon isotopic signatures in original sources during photosynthesis and associated environmental factors. Preferential degradation of organic matter and heterotrophic effects may also play important roles for the observed δ13C variations and these effects need to be further investigated. 相似文献
18.
大河影响下的陆架边缘海沉积有机碳的分布和来源是全球碳循环研究的重要内容。本研究于2012年5月采集了渤海海域的29个表层沉积物样品,分析了粒度组成、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、木质素含量和稳定碳同位素丰度(δ13C)等参数,结合基于蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型,定量研究了沉积物中有机碳的分布和来源情况,并讨论了其影响因素。结果表明,研究区域表层沉积物中TOC含量为0.19%~0.81%,渤海中部泥质区站位(大于0.65%)明显高于其周围砂质区域站位(小于0.40%);TOC与黏土含量也有显著的正相关性,说明细颗粒沉积物容易富集有机碳。沉积有机碳的δ13C范围为-23.7‰~-21.8‰,显示沉积有机碳是海源和陆源有机碳的混合输入。木质素参数,如C/V、S/V和LPVI的数值范围显示研究区域表层沉积物中木质素主要来源于被子植物草本组织与木本组织的混合,同时有少量裸子植物的贡献。基于蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型显示研究区域沉积物中有机碳主要来源于海洋浮游植物,平均为64%,陆源有机碳中来自土壤的贡献最高(平均为27%),C3维管植物的贡献较少(平均为9%)。海洋浮游植物有机碳主要分布在渤海中部泥质区及离岸较远的区域,而土壤有机碳和C3维管植物有机碳则主要沉积在河口附近及近岸区,并可以离岸输运到较远的地方。 相似文献
19.
CaCO3 and total organic carbon concentrations, organic matter C/N and carbon isotope ratios, and sediment accumulation rates in late Quaternary sediments from DSDP Site 594 provide information about glacial–interglacial variations in the delivery of organic matter to the Chatham Rise offshore of southeastern New Zealand. Low C/N ratios and nearly constant organic δ13C values of −23‰ indicate that marine production dominates organic matter supply in both glacial and interglacial times during oxygen isotope stages 1 through 6 (0–140 ka) and 17 through 19 (660–790 ka). Increased organic carbon mass accumulation rates in isotope stages 2, 4, 6, and 18 record enhanced marine productivity during glacial maxima. Excursions of organic δ13C values to ca. −29‰ in portions of isotope stage 2 suggest that the local concentration of dissolved CO2 was occasionally elevated during the last glacial maximum, probably as a result of short periods of lowered sea-surface temperature. Dilution of carbonates by clastic continental sediment generally increases at this location during glacial maxima, but enhanced delivery of land-derived organic matter does not accompany the increased accumulation of clastic sediments. 相似文献
20.
本文通过中国第三次北极科学考察在北冰洋楚科奇海台采集的08P31孔样品的多项指标分析,重建该区晚第四纪的古海洋与古气候演变历史。将08P31孔沉积物记录与其他孔综合对比初步划分为氧同位素3期(MIS 3)-MIS 1的沉积序列;TOC与Opal含量分析结果显示,自MIS 3以来该区总生产力呈逐渐上升趋势,但硅质生产力不高;CaCO3含量不仅代表海生钙质生物的生产力,也是陆源碎屑碳酸盐岩的信号;根据δ13Corg值运用两端元法计算出TOCmar/TOC,并通过TOCmar、TOCter与C/N值比较可知,δ13Corg值作为有机质来源的指标更可靠。经分析该孔沉积物有机质以海源有机质为主,但褐色层B2与白色层W3的有机质主要受到陆源有机质输入的影响;该孔沉积物中的浮游有孔虫Neogloboquadrina pachyderma(sin.)(Nps)的δ18 O和-δ13 C结果显示:褐色层B2和灰色层G1的轻值是由冰融水造成;黄褐色层Yb1上部到白色层W3下部的轻值反映了海冰形成速率提高,导致轻同位素卤水的生产和下沉。黄褐色层Yb1中部及白色层W3,Nps-δ18 O和-δ13C的重值对应低的有孔虫丰度,指示水体温度下降以及低营养环境。黄褐色层Yb2的Nps-δ18 O和-δ13C值呈镜像关系,这是由于大冰期环境下,海盆内储存了较少的融冰水导致。 相似文献