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1.
笔者由南大洋4个海洋沉积物样中,用有机试剂抽提有机质,经薄层色谱分离、气相色谱分析、色谱-质谱-数据处理系统联用仪鉴定,确定有17β(H)、21α(H)——双升莫烯,胆甾-5-烯,24-甲基胆甾烯,24-乙基胆甾烯,藿-17(21)-烯,新藿-13(18)-烯,蕨-8-烯,蕨-7-烯,17β(H)、21β(H)-藿-22(29)-烯,C27-29甾烷,β,β-C29-31藿烷,C18:2Δ9,12双烯脂肪酸,C18:1Δ9和C18:1Δ11单烯脂肪酸等有机化合物.这些有机物的有机地球化学意义为:β,α-双升莫烯、β,β-C29-31藿烷、β,β-藿烯等有机物标志着南大洋沉积物中有机质的成熟度低的特征;甾烯、甾烷的分布标志着南大洋沉积物中有机质在早期沉积作用中经受过热滤化特征;蕨烯和双烯脂肪酸等有机物可作为南大洋沉积物中的细菌的标志物,还可以作为南大洋沉积物中的还原环境标志物. 相似文献
2.
对29种(株)海洋微藻进行不充气培养,用Bligh-Dyer法提取总脂,皂化后氯仿和正己烷(体积比为1:4)提取甾醇,BSTFA衍生后用岛津QP2010气相色谱-质谱分析仪进行GC/MS分析.从29种海洋微藻中共检测到47种甾类化合物,鉴定出36种甾醇和一种甾酮.其中,4位无甲基Δ5甾醇在所有的微藻中均有分布,一些高等生物中常见的甾醇如胆甾醇、菜子甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、谷甾醇和褐藻中常见的岩藻甾醇等,在微藻中均有广泛的分布.相对而言,4位无甲基5位饱和甾(烷)醇、4-甲基甾(烷)醇和双羟基甾醇的分布则相对较少,其中许多甾醇如甲藻甾醇、巴夫甾醇、C27:2(Δ5,22/24Me)和C28:3(Δ5,7,22/24Me)等,只在一种藻或同一纲的微藻中被检测到,可以作为对应微藻或对应纲微藻的特征甾醇.认为海洋微藻甾醇的研究可以为海洋微藻化学分类学及饵料营养学研究提供重要参考依据. 相似文献
3.
渤海石油污染:来自表层沉积物中生物标志物的证据 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对渤海表层沉积物中饱和烃的分布、来源和分子组成特征的系统分析,探讨了沉积物中生物标志物对石油污染的指示意义。研究表明,沉积物中色谱不可分辨的混合物(UCM)和正构烷烃的分布及组成特征显示出沉积物不同程度地受到了石油烃输入和细菌微生物作用的影响,其中以渤海湾沿岸区域最为明显。渤海湾近岸区和黄河口附近沉积物中正构烷烃平均碳链长度(ACL)低于其他地区,姥鲛烷/植烷(Pr/Ph)也普遍低于1.0,表明可能受到来自于石油平台开采活动、船舶航行、河流输入的石油烃的影响。C27-18α(H)-三降藿烷(Ts)与C27-17α(H)-三降藿烷(Tm)的比值(Ts/Tm)、C31升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)和αααC29甾烷20S/(20S+20R)的比值表明该区域沉积物中有机质成熟度较高,可能受到外来石油烃输入及其衍生物的影响。通过与周边环境中生物标志物分子组成特征的对比发现,沉积物中甾烷和萜类化合物主要来源于石油及其衍生物。将饱和烃各参数进行归一化处理,得到了石油污染的综合替代性指标,并初步圈定了石油污染相对较重的区域。 相似文献
4.
南黄海北部表层沉积物中生物标志物的组成特征及其地球化学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对南黄海北部14个站位的19个表层沉积物样品进行了粒度、有机碳、GC-FID和GC-MS-MS测定,探讨沉积物有机质中生物标志物组成特征及地球化学意义。研究区表明,沉积物有机碳含量较高,正构烷烃呈双峰分布,具有明显奇偶优势、平均L/H为0.36,说明沉积物中陆源高等植物贡献占优,分析对比表明其沉积物可能主要来自古黄河输入。类异戊二烯烃Pr/Ph均值0.46,表明有机质沉积于强还原环境;Pr/C17和Ph/C18值均小于1,并且随深度有减小的趋势,反映了研究区微生物的降解作用。甾类化合物C29豆甾烷>C（?）胆甾烷>C28麦角甾烷,说明萜类化合物和甾类化合物主要为陆相输入。较高OEP值、高丰度的藿烯和莫烷及甾烷S构型含量均反映了现代沉积物中有机质未熟-低熟特征,但由于原始母质影响和微生物发育,Ts/Tm和C31αβS/（S+R）、C32αβS/（S+R）、C33αβS/（S+R）和C29αββ/（ααα+αββ）值较高。 相似文献
5.
长城湾及其附近沉积物中甾烷和萜烷化合物 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文采用气相色谱和质谱联用技术,分析了长城湾及其附近沉积物中甾烷和萜烷化合物。C_(27)、C_(28)和C_(29)规则甾烷的丰度分布,以C_(29)甾烷的量最高,达47～52％。重排甾烷的存在表明,在成岩作用早期,在微生物的作用下,部分规则甾烷转变成重排甾烷。C_(29)降莫烷/C_(30)藿烷,C_(31)升莫烷/C_(30)藿烷,C_(31)22S/(22S+22R)和Tm/Ts等比值指出,沉积有机质处于中等成熟度,而且G9站较其他站沉积物含量高些。上述诸结果说明,生源母质来源于陆源高等植物,并混有一定量的生物物质。 相似文献
6.
本文对海南岛东部上升流边缘区域(S5站位)和上升流中心区域(S10站位)两根沉积柱进行了正构烷烃和脂肪酸的分析，结合有机碳含量、粒径、碳稳定同位素(δ13C)等参数综合分析其有机质来源与降解特征，并利用脂肪酸硅藻丰度参数∑C16∶∑C18重建了研究区域上升流强度年际变化。研究结果表明:S10站位处于上升流中心附近，粒径较粗，以砂为主；S5站位处于上升流边缘区域，粒径较细，以粉砂为主；两站位柱样δ13C值和长短链脂肪酸比值(∑C20?:0/∑C20+:0)显示有机质均以海源输入为主，S10站位有机质降解程度大于S5站位。脂肪酸中硅藻丰度参数和浮游植物脂肪酸占比指示了S10站位初级生产力高于S5，并利用∑C16∶∑C18指征了研究区域上升流强度及年际变化趋势。上升流强度在1925?1950年，1950?1980年和1980?2008年间表现为弱、强、弱的趋势，与太平洋年代际振荡(Pacific Decadal oscillator，PDO)年际变化趋势一致；推测厄尔尼诺?南方涛动(El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation，ENSO)在短时间尺度上可能对上升流强度有一定调节作用，但长时间尺度上可能主要受PDO调节作用。 相似文献
7.
采用气相色谱-质谱技术对南极半岛东北海域海底表层沉积物的总有机碳、有机质碳同位素(δ13 Corg)和生物标志化合物等进行了测试分析。研究区表层沉积物总有机碳TOC平均值高于现代深海沉积物中的平均含量。δ13 Corg的变化说明该海域有机碳来源呈海洋水生生物来源和陆源混合的特征。正构烷烃的峰型分布、主峰碳、饱和烃轻重比C-21/C+22和(C21+C22)/(C28+C29)、甾烷组合和藿烷组合证实研究区西部表层沉积物有机质来源以陆源高等植物为主,其陆源可能来自于附近的南极半岛和南舍得兰群岛;研究区东部表层沉积物有机质来源偏以海源为主,且以低等浮游生物、藻类及细菌生物等海源输入为主。碳优势指数(Carbon preference index,CPI)、奇偶优势指数(Odd-even Predominance,OEP)和甾烷C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)比值显示研究区D1-7站位和D5-9沉积物有机质演化程度较高,D5-2和D2-4站位的有机质演化程度低,其他站位介于中间状态。饱和烃中姥鲛烷、植烷及其比值(Pr/Ph)等组合显示研究区西部以氧化-弱还原的沉积环境为主,其可能是受高温低盐别林斯高晋海水流和附近火山喷发的影响所致;研究区东部以还原—强还原沉积环境为主,可能是受低温高盐的威德尔底层水(WSBW)和威德尔海深层水(WSDW)影响所致。 相似文献
8.
该文分析了珠江口沉积物柱状样HKUV16中正构烷烃的长链奇碳烷烃含量(∑oddC25～33)、碳优势指数(CPI)、平均链长(ACL)、C31/C27和海洋水生植物比重(Pmar-aq),探讨了中全新世以来正构烷烃来源变化及对珠江流域环境变迁的指示。HKUV16的长链正构烷烃特征指示其主要来自陆源高等植物。在8.0～7.0 ka BP期间，∑oddC25～33、CPI值和Pmar-aq值增加，ACL和C31/C27为低值，指示该时期陆源有机质输入增加，木本植物占比大，珠江流域气候湿润。在7.0～3.2 ka BP期间，∑oddC25～33降低，表明陆源有机质输入减少，而ACL和C31/C27呈增—减—增的变化趋势，指示珠江流域可能经历了干旱—湿润—干旱的气候变化。3.2～2.2 ka BP,ACL、C31/C27 相似文献
9.
10.
柄海鞘Styela clava中的甾醇化合物的分离和鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用GC-MS技术从青岛海域产柄海鞘Styela
clava中分离鉴定出5种甾醇化合物,分别是(22Z)-26,27-二降-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(1),胆甾-5,22-二稀-3β-醇(2),胆甾醇(3),胆甾烷醇(4),(22E)-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)。 相似文献
11.
In the context of a multidisciplinary study to determine current and past ecosystem health and the relative contributions of sources of organic matter (marine vs. terrestrial and natural vs. anthropogenic input), sterols were determined in plankton, settling particles and sediments from Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, a sub-polar Atlantic Ocean ecosystem. The centric diatoms Chaetoceros spp., Thalassiosira spp. and Leptocylindrus danicus were all prominent in the plankton samples, and centric diatoms predominated in the settling particles. Plankton samples contained 0.4±0.4 mg/g dw (1995) or 1.4±1.3 mg/g dw (1996) total sterols, with cholesta-5,24-dien-3β-ol (mean 26% of total sterols), cholest-5-en-3β-ol (24%) and cholesta-5,22(E)-dien-3β-ol (13%) chief among these, denoting diatom and zooplankton sources. In settling particles, the prominence of cholesta-5,24-dien-3β-ol (24%), cholest-5-en-3β-ol (24%), cholesta-5,22(E)-dien-3β-ol (13%) and 24-methylcholesta-5,22(E)-dien-3β-ol (9%) again suggested mainly marine sources. The sterol composition of plankton and settling particles from different sampling periods showed a high degree of consistency. Higher plant C29 sterols (notably 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol, 9–26%) were prominent in sediments from both inshore and offshore sites. No decreasing trend in total or individual sterols was observed down the 30-cm sediment cores, suggesting good overall preservation. No 5β-stanols such as 5β-cholestan-3β-ol (coprostanol) were detected in offshore sediments, plankton or settling particles, with only low levels (5β-cholestan-3β-ol max. 4.4%, 5β-cholestan-3α-ol max. 5.1%) in certain inshore sediments. This suggests that raw sewage discharges in rural Newfoundland are being efficiently degraded or dispersed, or that inputs are highly localized. Source apportionation of organic matter in the sediment samples based on sterol composition was attempted. This highlighted the large terrestrial contribution to the sterols in marine sediments (up to 58% of sterols inshore, 24% offshore) and suggests either degradation or effective recycling of marine sterols. 相似文献
12.
A short sediment core with a length of approximately 40 cm taken from the anoxic Tan-Shui estuary, Taiwan, was analysed for extractable and bound coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol), cholestanol (5α-cholestan-3β-ol) and cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3β-ol). Extractable Σcoprostanol and cholestanol concentrations exhibit an abrupt change at a depth of about 20 cm, which supposedly marks the time when a sewage treatment plant became operational in the estuary in 1980. The Σcoprostanol/cholesterol and cholestanol/cholesterol ratios are comparatively higher in sediment than in the sewage effluent, implying some degree of diagenesis in the extractable phase. Anoxicity must have played a crucial role in the preservation and diagenesis of the sterols. In the upper layer (c. top 20 cm), the concentrations of extractable Σcoprostanol, normalized to total organic carbon (TOC), increase down the core. Extractable cholestanol exhibits the same trend, but extractable cholesterol shows the opposite trend. This indicates cholesterol reduction to these two stanols. In addition, both bound Σcoprostanol/TOC and cholestanol/TOC display a decreasing trend with core depth and no pronounced concentration change at 20 cm depth. The averages of percent bound sterols are in the following order: cholesterol > coprostanol>cholestanol. 相似文献
13.
首次对南海柳珊瑚Leptogorgia rigida中甾体类次生代谢产物进行研究。采用硅胶柱柱层析、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶填料、Sephadex LH-20、高效液相色谱(HPLC)及薄层色谱(TLC)等多种方法进行分离纯化, 通过核磁共振波谱(NMR)、质谱(MS)等现代波谱分析及物理常数对照等方法进行结构鉴定。从南海柳珊瑚Leptogorgia rigida次生代谢产物中分离得到8个甾类化合物, 结构依次为: 3β, 6β, 11-trihydroxy-9, 11-seco-5α-chloest-7-en-9-one (1); 3β, 6α, 11- trihydroxy-9, 11-seco-5α-chloest-7-en-9-one (2); 3β, 6α, 11-trihydroxy-5α-chloest-7, 22(E)-dien-9-one (3); pregnan-4-en-3, 20-dione (4); 5α-pregnan-3, 20-dione (5); 3β-hydroxy-pregnan-5-en-20-dion (6); 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (7); 和3β, 6α, 11-trihydroxy-9, 11-seco-5α-gorgosterol (8)。所有化合物均首次从Leptogorgia属中得到。 相似文献
14.
The soluble organic matters were extracted from marine sediments in the sea area of Southern Ocean by using organic solvents. The hydrocarbon and carboxylic acid fractions were separated with the thin layer chromatography. The organic compounds of 170(H), 21α(H)- bishomomoretene, cholest - 5 - ene, 24 - methyl - cholestene, 24 - ethylcholestene, hop-17(21)-ene, neohop - 13(18)-ene, fern-8-ene, fern-7-ene, 170(H), 210 (H) - hop - 22(29)-ene (diplotene), steranes, β, β-hopanes C29 -C31 and unsaturated carboxylic acids C18:2Δ9.12 , C18:1Δ9,C18:1Δ11 , have been identi-fied in the hydrocarbon and carboxylic acid fractions by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spec-trometry - data system. The distributions of 3, a - bishomomoretene, β,β- hopene and β,β- hopane are characteristic of immature organic matter. The sterane, C29 20S/20R epimer ratio 0. 6 indicate that the organic matter had experienced a thermal evolution in the early sedimentation. The unsaturated fatty acids espec 相似文献
15.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), sterols (ST), and lipid classes were determined in suspended particles collected in the Catalan Sea, northwestern Mediterranean. Principal Component Analysis of the data set revealed a clustering of samples depending on the sources of organic matter, i.e., coastal influenced, open sea and frontal zone. Terrestrial inputs were recognized in particles collected in the surface waters, at the vicinities of river outflow (i.e., Rhône and Ebro), by a predominance of C29 and C31 n-alkanes, 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol (S12), and the anthropogenic 5β(H)-cholestan-3β-ol, coprostanol (S1). Phytoplanktonic molecular markers (n-C17, 27-nor-24-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol, cholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol and 24-methylcholest-5-en-3β-ol) were widespread but relatively more apparent in the open sea and frontal zones. A similar distribution was observed for lipid classes, with higher concentrations of phospholipids, and an enrichment in free fatty acids in the areas influenced by river discharges. Total sterol, the unresolved complex mixture of hydrocarbons and the pristane–phytane ratio were highest at a persistent frontal zone, possibly reflecting the combination of a higher primary productivity and fossil hydrocarbon absorption on to suspended particles. Moreover, vertical profiles exhibited a subsurface concentration maximum at 20–30 m water depth, concurrently with the chlorophyll. 相似文献
16.
本实验采用群体感应抑制(quorum sensing inhibitory, QSI)活性导向法, 对分离自山东威海近海底泥的真菌WH7-2开展代谢产物研究。综合菌落形态和转录间隔区 (Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS)全序列分析, 菌株WH7-2鉴定为腐皮镰刀菌Fusarium solani。综合运用多种色谱方法, 从该真菌大米发酵产物的活性部位中分离得到11个化合物。分别鉴定为 (2E, 5E)-3, 5, 7-三甲基-2, 5-辛二烯酸 (1)、不饱和脂肪酸酯混合物 (2—4)、镰红菌素-3-甲醚 (5)、脱水镰红菌素 (6)、(22E)-5α, 8α-过氧化麦角甾-6, 22-二烯-3β-醇(7)、(22E)-5α, 8α-过氧化麦角甾-6, 9 (11), 22-三烯-3β-醇(8)、3β-羟基-胆甾-5-烯-7-酮 (9)、6β-羟基-胆甾-4-烯-3-酮 (10)和(22E)-胆甾-5, 22-二烯-3β-醇 (11)。其中不饱和脂肪酸酯混合物(2—4)具有QSI活性, 其他化合物无QSI活性。除5和6外, 其他化合物均为首次从腐皮镰刀菌F. solani中发现。 相似文献
17.
Hidetaka Nomaki Naohiko Ohkouchi Petra Heinz Hisami Suga Yoshito Chikaraishi Nanako O. Ogawa Kouhei Matsumoto Hiroshi Kitazato 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(9):1488-1503
We conducted an in situ feeding experiment using 13C-labeled unicellular algae in Sagami Bay, Japan (water depth, 1450 m), in order to understand the fate of lipid compounds in phytodetritus at the deep-sea floor. We examined the incorporation of excess 13C into lipid compounds extracted from bulk sediments and benthic foraminiferal cells. 13C-enriched fatty acids derived from 13C-labeled algae were exponentially degraded during 6 days of incubation in the sediment. Subsequent enrichments in 13C in sedimentary n-C15, anteiso-C17, and C17 fatty acids indicated the microbial degradation of algal material and production of bacterial biomass in the sediment. We observed the incorporation of 13C-labeled algal phytol and fatty acids into foraminiferal cells. The compositions of 13C-labeled algal lipids in foraminiferal cells were different from those in the bulk sediments, indicating that foraminiferal feeding and digestion influenced the lipid distribution in the sediments. Furthermore, some sterols in Globobulimina affinis (e.g., 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol, and 23,24-dimethylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol) were newly produced via the modification of dietary algal sterols within 4–6 days. In addition to the effects of bacteria, feeding by benthic foraminifera can result in a significant reorganization of the composition of organic matter and influence benthic food webs and carbon cycling at the deep-sea floor. 相似文献