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1.
南黄海自生黄铁矿成因及其环境指示意义   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12  
样品为1989年采自南黄海,利用显微镜,电子显微镜,电子探针和化学分析方法,对自生黄铁矿的形态,成份和同位素特征进行研究,在此基础上就其成因与形成环境的关系进行初步探讨。研究结果表明,自生黄铁矿集合体形态可以分为聚莓,单莓和细粒3种,霉体特征的形态是早期成岩作用阶段沉积物随机堆积的结果,可以作了沉积成因黄铁矿的形态标型黄铁矿微量成份特征显示其沉积成因,同时亦表现对泥质沉积物地球化学背景值的继承性,  相似文献   

2.
对南海北部陆坡柱状沉积物样品总有机碳、总硫含量,以及其中的自生黄铁矿形貌、含量进行分析.结果显示,沉积物中黄铁矿(FeS2)、总有机碳(TOC)、总硫(TS)的质量分数分别为0~0,71%、0.37%~1.18%、0.04%~0.81%;黄铁矿和总有机碳、总硫的含量随深度加深逐渐增大,达到峰值后不断减少,三者的分布趋势基本一致;扫描电镜下观察到黄铁矿主要以莓球状集合体和八面体微晶形貌产出,局部层位亦发现管状、生物内膜状和立方体状黄铁矿晶体.表明该区浅表层环境为缺氧环境,硫化物主要以黄铁矿形式产出,其成因与有机质的厌氧氧化作用有关,而甲烷的厌氧氧化作用也可能促使自生黄铁矿的加速形成.莓球状黄铁矿占主导亦指示一种强还原性的缺氧微环境.黄铁矿富集的缺氧环境与下伏地层中天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷有关,为天然气水合物在该区的勘探提供一定的科荤依据.  相似文献   

3.
本文对黄海沉积物中的黄铁矿的分布、形态、成分和结构方面的特征,以及成因作了讨论。作者在73个样的1/3样品中发现了自生黄铁矿,并对此矿物进行了X-射线、电子探针、光片及扫描电镜研究。黄铁矿主要呈生物内模状、球粒状(framboid)及胶结物状等形态,经X-射线衍射分析表明自生矿物为黄铁矿,不存在其他铁硫化物。  相似文献   

4.
南黄海中部H-106柱状沉积物中自生黄铁矿的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
自生黄铁矿是现代海洋沉积物中分布较广、含量较高的自生矿物之一。我国广阔的大陆架海域以及边缘海区(冲绳海槽)的现代和近代沉积物中都发现有黄铁矿,其中以南黄海盆地较为典型。H-106孔位于南黄海中部略偏西北(123°0''E,35°3''N),水深70m,岩芯长607cm,孔中黄铁矿含量较高。 研究现代和近代柱状沉积物中自生黄铁矿的结构、构造、矿物化学特征以及硫同位素组成及其与沉积环境和地球化学等因素的关系,对于了解沉积物早期成岩作用,认识沉积环境变迁和探讨黄铁矿成因都具有理论和实际意义,因此,早已引起国内、外学者的重视。国外具有代表性的学者Love(1957;1964)和 Berner(1969;1970)等分别从50年代和60年代末就开始了黄铁矿的研究工作。他们从不同角度、用不同方法对古地层和现代海洋沉积物中的黄铁矿进行了研究。随着我国海洋调査研究的深入,近年来国内学者也相继开展了这方面的工作(陈庆,1981;王琦等,1981)。然而以往国内、外的学者大都从形态、矿物和沉积化学的角度去研究黄铁矿,对现代自生黄铁矿单矿物的硫同位素组成涉及甚少。现代海洋硫同位素研究也仅限于沉积物与海水的范围,然而沉积物和海水的成分均很复杂,影响因素众多,不能反映黄铁矿的硫同位素组成。本文拟通过黄铁矿的硫同位素特征和黄铁矿集合体的结构、构造和矿物化学成分等矿物学特征,并结合沉积物成分与地球化学参数来探讨黄铁矿的形成环境与成因。  相似文献   

5.
沉积盆地内形成的自生矿物,如黄铁矿、海绿石、菱铁矿等是在特定环境下形成的。研究它们的形态、成分、结构及构造,对于了解成岩作用早期的环境及变化,具有指相意义。在现代沉积物中,自生黄铁矿是最常见的矿物之一。人们对它的研究也比较早,研究的中心问题,集中于成因上。已有细菌化石说、胶体成因说和无机成因说。近  相似文献   

6.
利用1989年在大西洋热液活动区采集的块状硫化物样品,采用矿相显微镜、电子显微镜和电子探针等手段,进行了矿物共生组合、矿物形态与成分标型及其演化特征研究。结果表明,大西洋热液成矿作用可以划分为热液期与沉积期两个成矿期,和石英-黄铁矿阶段、黄铁矿阶段、多金属硫化物阶段、胶状黄铁矿阶段和非晶质SiO2阶段等5个成矿阶段;不同成矿阶段黄铁矿的共生矿物和矿物特征不同,在晶体形态上具有从单形晶-聚形晶-胶状  相似文献   

7.
南海神狐海域是中国最重要的天然气水合物调查研究区之一,为了解水合物存在对沉积物地球化学环境的影响,对采自神狐海域W19B井位的沉积物样品进行了矿物学和地球化学研究。X射线衍射分析和主量元素结果显示部分层位有异常高含量的硫化物(主要为黄铁矿)。扫描电镜结果表明随着样品深度的增加,黄铁矿的晶面、晶棱更加明显,且集合体形态呈现聚莓→单莓→细粒的变化趋势,扫描电镜还观察到草莓状黄铁矿向细粒自形黄铁矿转化的中间产物。在53.0 mbsf(meters below seafloor)和140.4 mbsf层位均发现异常高含量的黄铁矿。其中140.4 mbsf层位黄铁矿充填有孔虫壳体的现象普遍,并伴有大量柱状黄铁矿产出,可能与有机质和甲烷厌氧氧化相关,但主导作用应为甲烷厌氧氧化,该层位可能位于古硫酸根-甲烷界面(sulfate-methane interface,SMI)附近。根据所得结果,推测地质历史时期中甲烷异常渗漏事件的发生,致使向上的甲烷通量增加,推动SMI上移,导致53.0 mbsf和140.4 mbsf界面处因甲烷厌氧氧化而形成大量黄铁矿。多个黄铁矿富集层的存在可能表示沉积史中曾发生多期次的深部流体渗漏或者天然气水合物的分解活动。  相似文献   

8.
自生黄铁矿是渗漏甲烷发生甲烷厌氧氧化和硫酸盐还原作用的产物之一,是海底甲烷渗漏活动的有效示踪剂。南海神狐海域是我国天然气水合物研究的重点区域,对神狐海域柱状沉积物中自生黄铁矿含量、分布、形貌等特征进行研究,结果发现自生黄铁矿的含量随深度增加而递增,存在两个异常富集峰段:在第一个黄铁矿富集峰段,黄铁矿以长条状为主,外形较粗,微晶形态以草莓状黄铁矿为主,且粒径均一;在第二个峰段主要以细长的条状黄铁矿为主,由带外壳结构的草莓球颗粒组成,晶粒大小不一,存在二次生长现象。另外还发现胶黄铁矿与自生黄铁矿共生。这些特征反映神狐海域沉积物中存在多期次的甲烷渗漏事件,高通量的甲烷渗漏发生在较浅的层位,可能发生甲烷的有氧氧化而变成缺氧环境,有利于黄铁矿富集在第一个峰段;较低的甲烷渗漏发生在较深的层位,甲烷厌氧氧化和硫酸盐还原作用而形成大量的黄铁矿保存在第二个峰段。因此,神狐海域沉积物中自生黄铁矿的异常富集可以作为地质历史时期甲烷渗漏通量和期次的指示矿物之一。  相似文献   

9.
自生硫化铁与现代海洋沉积速率   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
通过对长江口及邻近陆架区现代沉积物中自生硫化铁、细菌、沉积物和间隙水化学成份研究表明,研究区自生黄铁矿主要受硫酸盐还原和元素硫供给速度的控制。 利用~(210)Pb的资料证实,研究区自生黄铁矿形成约需10年左右时间。作者提出,在基本相同的沉积环境中,利用自生硫化铁中FeS_2/FeS克分子比值最高值在沉积柱上所对应的沉积物厚度,除以自生黄铁矿在该环境中形成所需的时间,就可得出不同站位上的沉积速率,其结果和~(210)Pb、生物及地质学上描述的沉积速率基本一致。  相似文献   

10.
硫酸盐-甲烷转换带(SMTZ)是海洋富甲烷沉积环境中重要的生物地球化学分带,其内发生的甲烷厌氧氧化反应(AOM)通常能影响多种自生矿物(碳酸盐类、黄铁矿、重晶石和石膏等)的形成过程。本文选取南海东北部天然气水合物赋存区GMGS2-16站位的58个沉积物样品,对其中发育的自生矿物进行了类型、含量、分布、显微形貌和稳定同位素研究。GMGS2-16站位岩心沉积物中主要发育碳酸盐类、黄铁矿和石膏3类自生矿物,亦发现单质硫颗粒的存在。自生矿物含量分布变化较大,存在多个富集层位。自生碳酸盐类均为块状,具极负的δ~(13 )C值(-37.3‰~-51.7‰VPDB)和较重的δ~(18 )O值(3.13‰~4.95‰VPDB),指示其为甲烷碳源,即AOM成因。自生黄铁矿主要呈不规则块状、棒状-管状和生物充填状,δ~(34 )S值变化范围为-41.7‰~27.1‰VCDT,其中δ~(34)S值异常正偏很可能与大量甲烷流体上涌至SMTZ内加强AOM反应有关。多层AOM成因的自生碳酸盐类与δ~(34)S值异常的自生黄铁矿产出层位基本吻合,共同指示了研究站位曾发生过多期次甲烷渗漏事件,可能与研究站位天然气水合物藏失稳存在一定联系。自生石膏主要呈棱柱状和透镜状,偶见黄铁矿-石膏共生体,初步推测自生石膏可能与水合物形成过程中的排离子效应和(或)沉积环境氧化还原条件改变导致的黄铁矿氧化有关。因此,海洋沉积物中碳酸盐类-黄铁矿-石膏自生矿物组合对探讨古海洋甲烷渗漏事件和天然气水合物藏的演化具有重要指示意义。  相似文献   

11.
南海海槽是潜在的天然气水合物发育区,在表层沉积物中分布有石膏-黄铁矿组合。通过对石膏、黄铁矿的形貌特征、矿物组成、化学元素、硫同位素等的分析,讨论和揭示了石膏-黄铁矿组合的成岩环境、形成机理及其与天然气渗漏的关系。石膏集合体为土块状和多孔状、玫瑰状,表面分布有孔洞或微孔,黄铁矿为莓球状、球粒结块状和虫管状。不同形状的石膏、黄铁矿的化学成分没有明显差别。石膏-黄铁矿的形成机理是海底渗漏的天然气与硫酸盐发生缺氧甲烷氧化反应,产物HS^-与沉积物中的Fe^2+反应产生FeS并转变为黄铁矿,在形成FeS的过程中产生的H^+促进碳酸盐溶解,Ca^2+与SO4^2-达到过饱和沉淀出重。^34S的石膏。因此,石膏-黄铁矿组合是海底存在天然气渗漏的证据,这一发现对开展南沙海槽潜在天然气水舍物的调查以及对天然气渗漏事件的研究具有一定的科学意义。  相似文献   

12.
This study has used scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray micro-analysis to compare the morphology of diagenetic pyrite formed in the sediments of two contrasting Brazilian mangroves. The Sepetiba Bay site is influenced by marine conditions, and pore waters show lower dissolved iron and higher dissolved total sulfide concentrations. The Paraíba do Sul River site, on the other hand, is influenced by fluvial waters, and shows higher dissolved iron and lower dissolved sulfide concentrations in pore waters. At both sites, pore waters were oversaturated for pyrite, and pyrite morphology was similar. The finding that pyrite morphology was similar despite marked differences in pore-water chemistry can be explained by the low solubility product of pyrite and the daily exposure of surficial sediments to air, conditioned by tidal cycles. This implies that oxygen input to the sedimentary environment is a key factor in the pyrite formation mechanism.  相似文献   

13.
本文对北部湾XI钻孔岩芯中各种沉积相中的重矿物组合分别作了研究,结果表明,在湖相沉积物中自生黄铁矿物含量高,滨海相沉积物中稳定矿物(钛铁矿、电气石、锆石)特别富集,浅海相沉积物中则出现大量的自生海绿石,由此说明,重矿物组合的研究对阐明沉积相是有其重要意义的。  相似文献   

14.
太平洋中部柱状沉积物中的自生矿物   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据《海洋四号》861—881航次获得的岩心资料,通过对沉积物类型的观察,对其中的几种自生矿物钙十字沸石、蒙脱石、重晶石、微结核、非晶质SiO_2等矿物的成因和与沉积物类型的相关性进行了探讨。  相似文献   

15.
Variations in the concentration of redox sensitive elements combined with pyrite framboid size data documented from a Marcellus Formation (Middle Devonian) core recovered from southwestern Pennsylvania elucidate the redox, organic matter accumulation, and diagenetic history of these deposits in this region of the basin. Uranium and Mo enrichment and Fe/Al display sharp increases coincident with diminishing Th/U upward through the initial 3rd order trangressive systems tract (lower Union Springs Member). These data as well as abundant small (<6 μm) pyrite framboids record establishment of strongly reducing benthic conditions, perhaps related to the expansion of an oxygen minimum zone induced by increased surface productivity. Strongly anoxic, even euxinic, conditions were interrupted by episodes of dysoxia, perhaps seasonal or longer term. Overlying regressive systems tract (RST) deposits record modestly improved redox conditions, likely a reflection of a receding oxygen minimum zone as base level dropped. A subsequent 3rd order base level rise and renewed expansion of the oxygen minimum zone triggered by increased surface productivity resulted in the accumulation of the organic-rich lower Oatka Creek Member. Still, the mix of abundant small and subordinate large (>10 μm) framboids preserves the record of oxygen deficient to sulfidic bottom conditions frequently interrupted by episodes of (dys)oxia. Improving redox conditions through the overlying RST were accompanied by a two-fold increase in Al and consequent dilution of the organic matter flux and authigenic trace metal uptake at the sediment–water interface. The upper half of the Oatka Creek comprises a depositional sequence not obvious from core inspection or gamma-ray signature but revealed by Mo enrichment and Al concentration profiles. Diagenetic modification of the Marcellus includes several horizons of authigenic calcium carbonate concretions and marked Ba enrichment. Both features reflect the effects of non-steady state microbial diagenesis within a methane-rich sedimentary column.  相似文献   

16.
Paola Ridge, along the NW Calabrian margin (southern Tyrrhenian Sea), is one of the few reported deep sea sites of precipitation of authigenic carbonates in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Here, the changing composition of the seeping fluids and the dynamic nature of the seepage induced the precipitation of pyrite, siderite and other carbonate phases. The occurrence of this array of authigenic precipitates is thought to be related to fluctuation of the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ).Concretions of authigenic minerals formed in the near sub-bottom sediments of the Paola Ridge were investigated for their geochemical and isotopic composition. These concretions were collected in an area characterized by the presence of two alleged mud volcanoes and three mud diapirs. The mud diapirs are dotted by pockmarks and dissected by normal faults, and are known for having been a site of fluid seepage for at least the past 40 kyrs. Present-day venting activity occurs alongside the two alleged mud volcanoes and is dominated by CO2-rich discharging fluids. This discover led us to question the hypothesis of the mud volcanoes and investigate the origin of the fluids in each different domed structure of the study area.In this study, we used stable isotopes (carbon and oxygen) of carbonates coupled with rare earth element (REE) composition of different carbonate and non-carbonate phases for tracing fluid composition and early diagenesis of authigenic precipitates. The analyses on authigenic precipitates were coupled with chemical investigation of venting gas and sea-water.Authigenic calcite/aragonite concretions, from surficial sediments on diapiric structures, have depleted 13C isotopic composition and slightly positive δ18O values. By contrast, siderite concretions, generally found within the first 6 m of sediments on the alleged mud volcanoes, yielded positive δ13C and δ18O values. The siderite REE pattern shows consistent LREE (light REE) fractionation, MREE (medium REE) enrichment and positive Gd and La anomalies. As shown by the REE distribution, the 13C-depleted composition and their association with chemosymbiotic fauna, calcite/aragonite precipitated at time of moderate to high methane flux close to the seafloor, under the influence of bottom seawater. Authigenic siderite, on the other hand, formed in the subseafloor, during periods of lower gas discharges under prolonged anoxic conditions within sediments in equilibrium with 13C-rich dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and 18O-rich water, likely related to methanogenesis and intermittent venting of deep-sourced CO2.  相似文献   

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