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1.
孟加拉湾晚第四纪冰期和间冰期古生产力演变研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
近赤道低纬度地区孟加拉湾属于大陆边缘深海环境,该区的古生产力研究对于了解低纬度地区古气候演变及其对全球气候变化的响应具有重要意义。通过对研究区４个活塞岩心δ１３Ｃ值、高生产力指示种的含量变化、浮游有孔虫与底栖有孔虫丰度、Ｕ＋Ｂ指数等方面的研究发现,研究区受冰川－气候旋回作用影响明显,古生产力波动强烈。冰期时,陆源营养物质供应充分导致生物生产力增大,因而末次冰期最盛期氧同位素第２期时生产力最高,间冰期氧同位素第１、５期时生产力较低。该区氧同位素第３期也出现高生产力的情况,可能与当时研究区气候不稳定有关。氧同位素第３期强烈的西南季风活动使研究区淡水输入增强,进一步增加了冷、暖期生物生产力的差异。 相似文献
2.
南海巽他陆坡晚更新世以来的微体化石和古环境 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
柱状样 182 88- 2采自于南海南部巽他陆坡 (5°4 4′N、 110°4 4′E,水深 788m ,柱长 6 .8m ) ,通过与邻近柱状样同位素的对比 ,其揭示了末次冰盛期以来的沉积。柱状样中指示水深较大的介形类和浮游有孔虫丰度自下而上呈现明显增加的趋势 ,而指示水深较浅的介形类丰度及介形虫 /浮游有孔虫比值和底栖有孔虫在有孔虫全群中的丰度都呈下降趋势 ,反映了研究区末次冰盛期以来海面上升和海水加深的过程。这两类的变化在 YD至全新世早期最为显著 ,与该时期海面快速上升造成的环境急剧变化相对应。异地介形虫广见于末次冰期和全新世早期的沉积中 ,反映冰期低海面和冰后期海侵初期频繁发生源于陆架的顺坡搬运。依据末次冰期沉积中含较多的底栖有孔虫 Uvigerina和 Bulimina、介形虫 Polycope和 Cytherella,及底栖有孔虫 U.peregrina较低的δ1 3C,推测冰期低海面时底层水状况为低氧和高营养 ,在冰盛期尤为发育 相似文献
3.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(2)
南海北部陆坡有大量高分辨率沉积记录,对研究全球变化响应及驱动机制有着举足轻重的作用。本研究选取南海北部神狐海域2007年水合物钻探区Site 6A站位柱状沉积物,开展有孔虫群落、稳定同位素及AMS14 C分析研究,试图了解该区域晚末次冰期以来古海洋和古气候演化历史。结果显示,Site 6A站位柱状沉积物中底栖有孔虫连续分布,优势属种突出,丰度、分异度波动明显。沉积物底界为MIS3期约50kaBP,全新世沉积速率最高,为13.37cm/ka,在MIS2期可能存在由水合物分解导致的地层缺失。有孔虫氧碳同位素特征恢复了冰期/间冰期气候旋回变化及冰盖体积变化,也指示该海域沉积环境氧化还原状况基本不变。通过对具有特殊生态意义的底栖有孔虫Uvigerina、Cibicidoides、Bulimina的相对丰度分析,结合似瓷质壳体百分含量及浮游有孔虫碳同位素,得出在末次冰期40kaBP东亚夏季风增强带来大量降雨,陆径流量增大导致古生产力增加。12~17ka的古生产力高值可能与增强的冬季风携带大量陆源碎屑沉积有关,并使得北大西洋低温、低氧、高营养盐的水团对该站位影响更大。 相似文献
4.
冲绳海槽南部两万年来碳酸盐溶跃面的变迁 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10
对冲绳海槽南部表层沉积和晚第四纪沉积柱状样中百余个样品进行了浮游及底栖有孔虫、翼足类等微体化石定量分析。通过表层沉积样品中底栖有孔虫占有孔虫全群比例、底栖有孔虫群中胶结质壳比例、浮游有孔虫碎壳率和浮游及底栖有孔虫丰度等多种标志的水深变化,确定冲绳海槽现代的碳酸盐溶跃面位于水深１５００～１６００ｍ处。进而,在高分辨率地层学基础上,检验这些指示溶解作用的标志和翼足类丰度等在柱状样中的变化,结果发现末次冰期冲绳海槽碳酸盐溶解作用显著减弱,碳酸盐溶跃面和文石补偿深度急剧变深;至冰后期碳酸盐溶解作用又急剧增强,溶跃面和文石补偿深度又变浅至与现代相当的位置。这些变化与南海等西太平洋其他海区的特征相一致。 相似文献
5.
为了解南海北部陆坡末次间冰期以来的古海洋沉积环境演化特征,对研究区ZSQD196PC柱状样有孔虫、硅藻及有孔虫氧同位素资料开展了分析。依据沉积有孔虫、硅藻主要属种的百分含量、丰度及组合特征,将有孔虫划分为3个组合,分别对应于氧同位素MIS1、2、3~4期;将硅藻划分为4个组合,大致对应于MIS1~4期。MIS1期有孔虫以暖水种占优势,Pulleniatina obliquiloculata百分含量显著升高;硅藻丰度低且以热性种占优势,其中冷期出现大量沿岸种,反映相对温暖的气候条件。MIS2~4期有孔虫以冷水种占优势,温跃层种含量相对较高;硅藻丰度高且以广布种占优势,出现沿岸种含量的升高,反映较冷的气候条件。通过对比浮游有孔虫氧同位素,分析讨论了末次盛冰期、Blling—Allerd暖期和新仙女木事件在ZSQD196PC柱状样的沉积响应,揭示了末次冰期中的气候波动。 相似文献
6.
南海南部NS93—5柱样揭示的晚第四纪以来的古海洋学特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
由南海南部海区ＮＳ９３－５柱样的浮游有孔虫氧同位素地层学和浮游有孔虫分析结果获得古环境参数,揭示了距今１９０ｋａ以来南部海区受西太平洋热带水的影响,以及南沙海区表层水和苏禄海变性水的变化历史;在末次盛冰期碳酸盐含量较低,但是碳酸盐含量的最低值出现在氧同位素４期;表层水体的含量呈现为间冰期大于冰期,而古生产力的变化则为冰期大于间冰期;依据氧同位素和浮游有孔虫特征分析结果,建立了南部海匹距今１９０ｋａ 相似文献
7.
南海南部NS93-5柱样揭示的晚第四纪以来的古海洋学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
由南海南部海区NS93 - 5柱样的浮游有孔虫氧同位素地层学和浮游有孔虫分析结果获得的古环境参数 ,揭示了距今 1 90ka以来南部海区受西太平洋热带水的影响 ,以及南沙海区表层水和苏禄海变性水的变化历史 ;在末次盛冰期碳酸盐含量较低 ,但是碳酸盐含量的最低值出现在氧同位素 4期 ;表层水体的含氧量呈现为间冰期大于冰期 ,而古生产力的变化则为冰期大于间冰期 ;依据氧同位素和浮游有孔虫特征分析结果 ,建立了南部海区距今 1 90ka以来的古气候演变序列。 相似文献
8.
对东海84个表层沉积样品和5个重力柱状样中的翼足类和浮游有孔虫丰度、浮游有孔虫碎壳率和底栖有孔虫群中胶结质类的比例等进行了定量分析,确定了东海现代文石补偿深度（ACD）位于约600 m处,碳酸盐溶跃面在约1 400 m处.末次冰期时随着碳酸盐溶解作用的显著减弱,ACD大幅度下降至现代的1 000 m之下. 相似文献
9.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2014,(5)
通过对南海北部西沙海槽XH-27PC柱状样钙质超微化石丰度和组合的分析,并结合浮游有孔虫氧同位素分析、碳酸钙含量测定,讨论了末次盛冰期以来古环境和古海洋的变化。超微化石丰度、属种组合变化指示了末次冰期本区受陆源物输入的影响较大,冰后期则主要受开阔大洋的影响。受陆源营养物质输入的影响,根据F.profunda百分含量估算的表层海水初级生产力具有末次冰期高、冰后期低的特征。钙质超微化石的溶解作用在冰后期较强、末次冰期较弱,表现出"太平洋型"旋回特征,与碳酸钙含量的"大西洋型"旋回不同。 相似文献
10.
冲绳海槽南部两万年来的浮游有孔虫与古海洋学事件 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
冲绳海槽南部92-255和92-170两柱状样岩心的浮游有孔虫定量分析及其组合的变化、游浮与底栖有孔虫壳体δ18O测定和AMS14C测年资料,提供了末次冰期以来重要的古海洋学记录。浮游有孔虫的转换函数计算表明,海槽区末次冰期表层水温下降值及末次冰期的季节温差均比西太平洋开放海区相应纬度大,反映了边缘海对冰期-间冰期旋回中气候变化的放大效应,冰期-冰后期的对比还体现在由浮游有孔虫属种组合所反映的水团和水体垂直结构的变化上;末次冰消期古温度变化及浮游有孔虫δ18O变化记录了一次短暂的气候回返(10170～9170aBP);详细的地层分析还揭示了中全新世的一次Pulleniatina obliquiloculata含量低谷。 相似文献
11.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
12.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
13.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
14.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
15.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献
16.
Andrzej Chybicki 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):1-23
Current trends of development of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) models rely on applying calibration techniques including analytical approaches, neuro-fuzzy systems, regression optimization and others. In most of the cases, the SDB models are calibrated and verified for test sites, that provide favorable conditions for the remote derivation of bathymetry such as high water clarity, homogenous bottom type, low amount of sediment in the water and other factors. In this paper, a novel 3-dimensional geographical weighted regression (3GWR) SDB technique is presented, it binds together methods already presented in other studies, the geographically weighted local regression (GWR) model, with depth dependent inverse optimization. The proposed SDB model was calibrated and verified on a relatively difficult test site of the South Baltic near-shore areas with the use of multispectral observations acquired by a recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite observation system. By conducted experiments, it was shown that the proposed SDB model is capable of obtaining satisfactory results of RMSE ranging from 0.88 to 1.23[m] depending on the observation and can derive bathymetry for depths up to 12m. It was also shown, that the proposed approach may be used operationally, for instance, in the continuous assessment of temporal bathymetry changes, for areas important in the context of ensuring local maritime safety. 相似文献
17.
N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):251-258
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
18.
Extreme sea levels associated with severe cyclonic storms are common occurrences along the east coast of India. The coastal districts of Orissa have experienced major surges in the past. The recent Paradip super cyclone is one of the most severe cyclones, causing extensive damage to property and loss of lives. Extreme sea levels are major causes for coastal flooding in this region. Damages can be minimized if the extreme sea levels are forecast well in advance. In the present study, we develop a location specific, fine resolution model for the Orissa coast on the lines similar to that of IIT-D storm surge model (Dube et al. 1994). The model runs on a personal computer. The bathymetry for the model is extracted from very fine resolution naval hydrographic charts for the region extending from the south of Orissa to south of West Bengal. A simple drying scheme has also been included in the model in order to avoid the exposure of land near the coast due to strong negative sea surface elevations. An attempt was made in this study to simulate extreme sea levels along the Orissa coast using the data of past severe cyclones. The model results reported in the present study are in good agreement with available observations or estimates. 相似文献
19.
An Improved Calibration of Satellite Altimetric Heights Using Tide Gauge Sea Levels with Adjustment for Land Motion 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gary T. Mitchum 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(3):145-166
Several major improvements to an existing method for calibrating satellite altimeters using tide gauge data are described. The calibration is in the sense of monitoring and correcting temporal drift in the altimetric time series, which is essential in efforts to use the altimetric data for especially demanding applications. Examples include the determination of the rate of change of global mean sea level and the study of the relatively subtle, but climatically important, decadal variations in basin scale sea levels. The improvements are to the method described by Mitchum (1998a), and the modifications are of two basic types. First, since the method depends on the cancellation of true ocean signals by differencing the altimetric data from the tide gauge sea level time series, improvements are made that produce a more complete removal of the ocean signals that comprise the noise for the altimetric drift estimation problem. Second, a major error source in the tide gauge data, namely land motion, is explicitly addressed and corrections are developed that incorporate space-based geodetic data (continuous GPS and DORIS measurements). The long-term solution, having such geodetic measurements available at all the tide gauges, is not yet a reality, so an interim solution is developed. The improved method is applied to the TOPEX altimetric data. The Side A data (August 1992?February 1999) are found to have a linear drift component of 0.55 + / 0.39 mm/yr, but there is also a significant quadratic component to the drift that is presently unexplained. The TOPEX Side B altimeter is estimated to be biased by 7.0 + / 0.7 mm relative to the Side A altimeter based on an analysis of the first 350 days of Side B data. 相似文献
20.
J. N. Pattan Ch. M. Rao A. A. Migdisov S. Colley N. C. Higgs L. Demidenko 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):155-165
The rare earth element (REE) distribution in nine deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and their associated siliceous sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) have been studied to elucidate the REE relationship among them. Total REE concentration varies from 398-928 ppm in the nodules and 137-235 ppm in the associated sediments, suggesting two- to four-fold enrichment in the nodules compared to associated sediments. REE of nodules and their associated sediments show a positive correlation, suggesting REE are supplied from a common source such as seawater. The positive correlation between REE of nodules and sediments from the CIOB is contrary to the competitive scavenging of REE between nodules and sediment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. REEs in the nodules are carried by Fe, P, and Ti, whereas in the sediment they are carried by P and Mn phases. A similar REE fractionation pattern with middle REE enrichment over heavy and light REE in both the nodules and their associated sediment suggest fractionation is independent of REE abundance and their carrier phases. 相似文献