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1.
为了解香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)精子的形态结构特点,采用扫描和透射电镜技术观察了香鱼精子的超微结构,并与鲤形目及鲑形目其他鱼类精子结构进行了比较。结果表明,香鱼精子由头部、中段和尾部组成,全长约23.5μm。头部呈弹头形,由细胞核外包质膜构成,长约1.8μm、宽约0.8μm;细胞核从后端中央向前深凹至核的近前端,形成植入窝,使核呈倒U字形,核的前端无顶体;植入窝内有中心粒复合体及小段起始的鞭毛,中心粒复合体由近端中心粒和远端中心粒(基体)组成,两者之间夹角约135o。中段为"半袖套"结构,长约0.5μm,其内部为一较大的"半套筒"形线粒体。鞭毛起始于远端中心粒,由轴丝及外包轴丝的质膜组成,轴丝为典型的"9+2"微管结构;鞭毛两侧有质膜向外突起形成侧鳍。研究显示,香鱼精子与典型的鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鱼类精子卵圆形或圆球形头部及细胞核、不对称的袖套及尾部鞭毛无侧鳍等结构特征不同,也与鲑形目(Salmoniformes)鱼类精子卵圆形或椭圆形头部及马蹄形或浅U形细胞核、两中心粒相互平行或垂直、袖套结构完整等结构特征不同。香鱼精子结构具有种的特异性。 相似文献
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平鲷精子的超显微结构 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对平鲷精子的超显微结构进行了研究,结果表明:平鲷精子由头部、中段和尾部(鞭毛)三部分组成。头部的细胞核呈近圆形,染色质致密,内有核空泡,有的核空泡内部有电子致密物质存在。中段紧连于核的后端,由中心粒复合体和袖套组成,中心粒复合体结构独特,由近端中心粒、中心粒间体和基体组成,中心粒间体位于近端中心粒和基体之间,部分精子近端中心粒中央腔中尚有一个粗大的颗粒状结构;袖套接于核的后端,其中有线粒体和囊泡。尾部由袖套腔中伸出,其中心结构是轴丝,外方有侧鳍。 相似文献
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红鳍东方鲀精子形态的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
实验研究红鳍东方精子形态的超微结构：红鳍东方精子分头部和尾部等两部分。头部似炮弹状,无顶体;核内有空隙,空隙中有或无少量电子致密小颗粒;细胞膜与核膜间的原生质有向外鼓起的单个小液泡;中心粒复合体位于植入窝内,由近端中心粒、中心粒间体和基体等组成。袖套位于核后端,内含７～８个环列的线粒体球。尾部近核端部分鞭毛的一侧有小囊泡群聚的囊泡鞘;远核端部分有侧鳍;囊泡鞘和侧鳍与轴丝的中央微管同在“Ｙ”轴上;轴丝为“９＋２”结构。 相似文献
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选取健康的雄性黄鳍鲷Sparus latus 亲鱼进行人工采精,设定不同的盐度梯度、pH梯度,观察其对精子活力的影响,测定了精子的密度、大小和精浆的渗透压,同时用透射电镜观察精子的超微结构.结果表明,在盐度20时,精子的激烈运动时间、快速运动时间和寿命最长,分别为70、90±1.3s和861±8.6s;在pH为8.0时,激烈运动、快速运动时间和寿命也最长,分别为90±3.7s、115±9.9s和500±11.6s.测得精子的平均密度为(8.0±0.6)×109个·ml-1,精子细胞核的长径为2.75±0.93μm,短径为2.25±0.68μm,鞭毛长为41.52±6.76μm,精浆的平均渗透压为342.6±12.35mmol·kg-1.超微结构显示,精子头部呈圆形或卵圆形,头部无顶体结构,植入窝位于细胞核底端的中间,中心粒复合体位于植入窝内,其中近端中心粒位于植入窝的上段,基体位于植入窝的下段.袖套位于核后端,两侧分布有线粒体和囊泡.尾部细长,其主要结构是轴丝,轴丝为典型的"9 2"微管结构. 相似文献
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利用透射电镜和扫描电镜对文蛤精子的超微结构及精子入卵过程进行了详细观察。结果显示,文蛤精子为典型的原生型,由头部、中段和尾部三部分组成,全长45—50μm。头部呈狭茧形,长约3.0μm,由顶体和细胞核组成,顶体呈倒"V"字形,前端有短柱状的凸起;细胞核为稍弯曲的圆柱形,内含高度浓缩的染色质,无核前窝,有核后窝。中段较短,仅0.6—0.7μm,由线粒体围绕中心粒复合体构成,5个圆球形的线粒体呈单层梅花状排列,内部为双层膜折叠成的片层状结构;中心粒复合体由近端中心粒和远端中心粒组成,而远端中心粒延伸出尾鞭的轴丝。尾部为细丝状鞭毛,长约42—45μm,内部的轴丝呈典型的"9+2"结构,外周有波浪状质膜包被。用扫描电镜观察了文蛤精子的入卵过程,大致将其分为顶体反应期、穿卵期和卵膜修复期。受精后2min,精子发生顶体反应,顶体泡破裂释放溶解酶使卵膜变得疏松,亚顶体腔中伸出的顶体丝先穿透卵膜;受精后4—6min,在精、卵的共同作用下,精子头部和中段逐渐穿过卵膜进入卵内,在卵膜上形成一个直径约1.5μm的孔道,而精子尾部则留于卵外;受精后8—10min,精子尾部脱落,受精形成的孔道被卵膜的微绒毛修复。另外对多种双壳贝类精子超微结构和线粒体入卵等问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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利用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术,详细观察了帘文蛤（Meretrix lyrata）精子的形态和超微结构.研究发现,帘文蛤的精子为典型的原生型,全长42.2±1.8μm,包括头部、中段和尾部三部分.头部为稍弯曲的狭茧形,长约2.4μm,由前端的顶体和其后的细胞核组成,顶体呈倒＂V＂形,前端电子密度较小,后端电子密度较大;核内含有高度浓缩的染色质,可见染色较浅的核泡存在,无核前窝,有明显核后窝和植入窝.中段由5个呈辐射状排列的线粒体和中央的2个相互垂直的中心粒复合体构成,线粒体近球形,由内、外两层膜组成.尾部鞭毛长39.3±1.9μm,由波浪状质膜和包裹其中的轴丝组成.另外,将帘蛤科（Veneridae）尤其是文蛤属（Meretrix）贝类精子超微结构与其他贝类进行了比较和分析,为文蛤属的种类鉴别提供细胞学依据. 相似文献
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采用组织切片、扫描电镜和透射电镜技术研究了海月水母(Aurelia aurita)精巢发育过程及精子显微结构。结果表明:(1)海月水母精巢发育分为四个阶段,即增殖期、生长期、成熟期和排放期;海月水母精巢位于马蹄形胃腔内部,由两层外膜包裹的大量长圆形滤泡组成,性成熟后,滤泡内部充满精子,之后成熟精子汇集于滤泡腔排出体外。(2)海月水母精子全长约33.62μm,为原生型精子;精子头部呈长尖辣椒状,具顶体,核膜与质膜空隙较大,充满细胞质;精子中部主要由中心粒复合体和线粒体组成,且具有袖套结构,袖套内膜与鞭毛质膜相互融合,近端中心粒与基体垂直排列,基体的长轴与精子长轴平行,向后延伸形成尾部轴丝,线粒体以4个居多,呈圆环状排列,线粒体脊较明显;精子尾部细长,由质膜和轴丝组成,轴丝横切面为典型的"9+2"结构。 相似文献
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为了给栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)受精机理提供细胞学依据,利用透射电镜对栉江珧精子的超微结构进行了详细观察。结果显示,栉江珧成熟精子为典型的原生型,包括头部、中段与尾部三部分。头部为卵圆形,由顶体和细胞核组成。顶体纵切面为倒“V”字形,顶体腔内电子密度不均匀,近顶体外膜有一电子密度较高的弧状带,其余部分电子密度较低。核内有高度浓缩的染色质,其中有不规则的电子密度较低的核泡存在。无核后窝,有核前窝和植入窝。中段由2个相互垂直的中心粒及周围5个呈辐射状排列的线粒体组成。线粒体近卵圆形,由内外膜组成。尾部鞭毛由轴丝和质膜组成。结果表明栉江珧精子超微结构与典型的双壳贝类精子结构类似,在一定程度上反映了栉江珧的生殖进化及受精机理。 相似文献
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为了解糙海参(Holothuria scabra)精子发生的过程及其形态结构,作者于2013年11月~2014年4月每月采集2头海南岛的野生雄性糙海参,取精巢组织固定后分别制作投射电镜、扫描电镜切片和石蜡包埋切片,在电镜和光镜下连续观察。观察结果表明,糙海参精子发生经历了精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和成熟精子5个阶段。精细胞分化过程可分为3个时期,早期:细胞核前端出现前顶体囊;中期:顶体腔内出现围顶体物质;后期:胞质往尾部方向收缩,形成精子中部。糙海参成熟精子全长约60μm,由头部、中部和尾部3部分组成,为典型的鞭毛型精子。精子头部呈球形,精子核中顶体形态为"U"型内陷囊状体,围顶体物质呈"月牙"形,核染色质凝集成团块状。精子中部由一个巨大的线粒体和中心粒复合体融合而成。精子尾部鞭毛横切面为典型的"9+2"微管结构。本研究可为糙海参的繁殖生物学和人工育苗提供理论参考。 相似文献
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应用电镜技术观察了彩虹明樱蛤精子的超微结构．彩虹明樱蛤精子为典型的原生型,包括头部、中段和尾部3部分．头部由顶体和细胞核组成,项体呈弯曲的倒“V”字型,顸体物质电子密度外侧高内侧低,顶体下腔无特殊结构,内含均匀的低电子密度物质．细胞核细长,螺旋状,形似螺丝钉,有一浅的核前窝,没有核后窝．中段由线粒体环绕中心粒复合体和精核而成,中段横切面可见4个线粒体,而纵切面看每侧有2—4个线粒体,因此精子中段有10个以上的线粒体．尾部细长,为典型的“9＋2”结构． 相似文献
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经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。 相似文献
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为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。 相似文献
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Eight ophiuroid species, six from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak and three from the northern Adriatic Sea, were examined for regeneration of arms. The species were separated into groups based upon mode of feeding and habitat. Comparison between groups collected in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak showed that infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding species (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei) had significantly more scars per arm (mean number 0.78) than epibenthic suspension feeders (Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra, 0.29) or epibenthic carnivores and deposit feeders (Ophiura ophiura and O. albida, 0.13). Spatial variation in arm regeneration incidence was found between sampling sites in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak for Amphiura filiformis and in the northern Adriatic Sea for Ophiothrix quinquemaculata. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) and nitrogen (N) contents were measured in arms of six species of brittle-stars from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak. Differences between species were found, with highest concentrations of AFDW and N in Amphiura filiformis, intermediate in A. chiajei, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis, and lowest in Ophiura ophiura and O. albida. As the infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding brittle-stars (Amphiura spp.) had the highest proportions of damaged arms and highest AFDW and N contents in their arms in this comparison, it is suggested that selective cropping of arms by demersal fish is the main cause of arm damage on Amphiura spp. in this area. 相似文献
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向水体中添加不同浓度的短小芽孢杆菌CGMCC1004（Bacillus pumilus）和胶红酵母菌CGMCC1013（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa）以研究凡纳滨对虾（Litoenaeus vapznamei）体长、体质量、存活率、胃蛋白酶、肝胰腺淀粉酶和肝胰腺脂肪酶的影响，以及需钠弧菌（Vibrio natriegens）的感染效果。结果表明：向水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能提高对虾体长、存活率，但结果不显著，但对体质量增长率具有显著提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌对提高需钠弧菌感染后对虾成活率有一定的提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能显著提高胃蛋白酶活性，但是对肝胰腺淀粉酶活性有一定抑制作用；添加复合菌剂比添加单一菌种的作用要好；亦证明了向水体中添加细菌的方式对凡纳滨对虾的体长、体质量、存活率以及水质指标影响比较小，但是对消化酶具有一定的提高作用。 相似文献
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Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献
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Four species in the genus Navicula were isolated using the serial dilution method. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and sequence comparisons of two segments of genes(small ribosomal subunit and large subunit of Rubisco), the species were identified as Navicula perminuta, N. pseudacceptata, N. vara, and N. rhynchocephala. Based on phylogenetic analysis and culture trials, there was a close relationship between N. perminuta and N. vara. Growth of these species was evaluated using measurements of optical density at 680 nm(OD680) under various environmental factors. Results showed that the optimum culture conditions were 25℃, 50–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, pH 8.0, and salinities from 25 to 30. However, the favorable salinity for N. perminuta was surprisingly high at 35. Nutrient requirement analysis demonstrated that growth of Navicula depended on the availability of SiO32-. Their relative growth rates(RGR) peaked at the highest tested level(0.25 mmol/L). The optimal concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were 3.6 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L, respectively. Culture of these Navicula species for abalone or sea cucumber aquaculture should take these factors into consideration. 相似文献
19.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
20.
In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses. 相似文献