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1.
为了解日本有明海沿岸六角川和筑后川河口水域鳀科鲚属鱼类刀鲚（Coilia nasus）的洄游特征和生境履历，利用电子探针微区分析（EPMA）技术，对采于两水域刀鲚的矢耳石进行了锶（Sr）元素含量的X射线强度面分布及耳石最长轴锶钙元素比值（Sr:Ca）的定量线分析。结果发现10尾六角川刀鲚（LJC）中的7尾以及15尾筑后川刀鲚（ZHC）耳石核心区域的Sr:Ca比值≤ 3，显示出这些个体在淡水生境出生并早期生活于淡水的履历。紧邻核心区域随后的生长阶段，Sr面分布图谱显示出了多样对应于含量水平差异的不同颜色同心环轮变化样式，Sr:Ca比值的波动亦可相应地分成1-6个差异极其显著的阶段，显示出这些个体在随后生活史阶段中极富变化的生境转换状况。另外3尾六角川刀鲚耳石核心的Sr:Ca比值较高（3-6.7），对应于半咸水生境；但在核心区域之外，Sr:Ca比值则高低变化不一，显示出这些六角川刀鲚个体在河口半咸水生境孵化的特征。本研究表明，二维Sr元素含量面分布图谱和基于耳石最长轴的Sr:Ca比值完全可以作为重建日本有明海沿岸各河口水域刀鲚生境履历的有效工具。 相似文献
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利用电子显微探针元素分析技术(EPMA)对黄海南部野生银鲳和鮸鱼的耳石进行了锶和钙沉积特征的初步分析。定量线分析结果表明,两种鱼类耳石的Sr/Ca之间存在显著的种间差异。银鲳耳石Sr/Ca比,在耳石核心及相邻处为低值区(5.86±0.92);3段Sr/Ca高值区分别为近核心部(7.88±1.28)、第1龄处(9.44±1.82)及耳石边缘(7.91±1.38);揭示银鲳孵化和早期发育应需要盐度适中的生境,当龄鱼在后期的生长中需洄游经过两段高盐生境(其中之一在第1龄时)。鮸鱼耳石Sr/Ca比波动表现为耳石核心处(7.72±0.97)高于其余部分,反映了鮸鱼孵化及初期发育阶段可能生活在高盐度生境,而当龄鱼随后阶段的生长和发育过程则会洄游至盐度有所降低的生境中进行。 相似文献
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研究中经常会用测量耳石称量特征推算饵料鱼类的形态参数,而青岛沿海鱼类相关的研究较少,因此作者根据2015年3、5、8月3个航次在青岛近海的拖网调查数据,分析了捕获的24种共1002尾鱼的耳石秤量特征(耳石长、耳石宽和耳石质量)和鱼体大小(体长、体质量)的关系。结果表明,渔获24种鱼类分属5个目、14个科、24种鱼类的体长体质量呈显著幂函数相关,相关系数R~2的范围为0.779～0.997,幂指数b的范围为2.376～3.591,平均值为3.048±0.327,其中黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等11种鱼类的b值均大于3(P0.05),为正异速生长,其余13种鱼类的b值小于3(P0.05),呈负异速增长。耳石宽-鱼体长的相关性比耳石长-鱼体长的相关性要好,仅有3种鱼(饰鳍斜棘鱼衔(Repomucenus ornatipinnis)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和焦氏舌鳎Cynoglossus lighti)未呈现显著相关关系。在耳石质量-鱼体质量的相关关系中,9种鱼(如皮氏叫姑(Johnius belengerii)、扁斜棘?(Repomucenus planus)、石鲽(Kareius bicoloratus)呈显著相关(只是列举了一部分), 5种鱼(锦鳚(Pholis nebulosus)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Synechogobius ommaturus)、焦氏舌鳎(Cynoglossus lighti))在现有样品情况下未呈现显著相关关系。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(10)
为研究大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta)生活史特征及不同群组间的鉴别,本文采用电子微探针技术分析自然野生、人工增殖锶标记、人工增殖物理标记和人工养殖4组大麻哈鱼耳石样本的Sr浓度及Sr/Ca值,反演其生境履历。定量线分析结果表明,耳石Sr/Ca值波动显著,根据Sr/Ca值的特征划分了各群组大麻哈鱼淡、咸水间的生活史阶段。根据大麻哈鱼生活史特征及耳石径长参数差异的分析结果将各群组间个体进行了有效辨别。其中锶标记组个体耳石标记区Sr/Ca值达到17.033×10~3,显著高于其他组,证实了锶标记方法的有效性。对大麻哈鱼人工增养殖组和自然野生组早期淡水生活阶段耳石径长参数(R_(f1)、R_L)以及淡水系数(R_C)进行对比分析,结果显示:自然野生组中120μm≤R_(f1 )≤200μm, 20μm≤R_L≤30μm, 0.06≤R_C≤0.10;人工增养殖组中240μm≤R_(f1 )≤470μm, 80μm≤R_L≤200μm, 0.15≤R_C≤0.29。两群组间的参数差异显著,可作为群组间个体辨别的依据。本研究结果表明,耳石微化学分析技术能够有效分析大麻哈鱼的关键生活史特征,且可据此开展大麻哈鱼群组间的鉴别。研究结果可为大麻哈鱼生活史研究及增殖放流效果评估提供有效的方法。 相似文献
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为探讨石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)鱼类分子系统进化关系,采用生物信息学方法分析了黑鳃梅童鱼(Collichthys niveatus)、棘头梅童鱼(C.lucidus)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)、小黄鱼(L.polyactis)、鮸鱼(Miichthys miiuy)、白姑鱼(Pennahia argentata)、黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)和皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangerii)共8种石首鱼类线粒体基因组全序列的基本特征。结果显示,除皮氏叫姑鱼外,其余7种石首鱼类编码的37个基因排列顺序与脊椎动物线粒体基因组相同。基因组碱基分布存在不均衡现象,A+T含量高于G+C含量。线粒体基因组的基因变异位点分析结果表明,ND4和ND5基因可作为COI基因的辅助分子标记,应用于石首鱼类群体遗传学的研究中。黄鱼亚科5种鱼类13个蛋白质编码基因的Ka/Ks比值远低于1,显示出较强的纯化选择。皮氏叫姑鱼与其他石首鱼间的遗传距离均较大且亲缘关系较远,暗示叫姑鱼属或为石首鱼类中较为原始的类群。基于线粒体基因组全序列构建NJ系统树支持黄鱼亚科和白姑鱼亚科亲缘关系较近的形态学结论。而基于去除控制区后序列和13个蛋白质编码基因序列构建的系统树则表明两亚科鱼类间的差别在非编码区更为明显。 相似文献
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贻贝养殖区底层鱼类群落结构特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用相对丰度、种类丰富度、多样性和均匀度以及相似性指数,结合丰度生物量比较曲线、等级聚类和生物与环境相关分析等多元统计方法对贻贝养殖和泥地生境中的鱼类组成、群落时空格局及其与环境因子间的关系作了比较研究。结果在两生境共采集鱼类41种,其中MF为35种,SB为25种。MF中以皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangerii)和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)为代表的石首鱼科鱼类的优势度皆高于同期的SB,且褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)和星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster)成为MF的季节性优势种。但鲬(Platycephalus indicus)和黄鮟鮟(Lophius litulon)等泥地优势种在MF却较为少见。单变量分析表明两生境间各季度种类组成中等不相似。春夏季MF站位的群落丰度密度和物种多样性比SB高,但两生境间各指标并无显著差异。多变量分析显示3个站位的群落格局皆有显著的季节变化,且2生境间群落组成差异明显。ABC分析揭示幼小鱼类的数量优势在MF站位要比SB更明显,群落稳定性高于后者。BIOENV分析显示溶解氧皆为两生境鱼类群落组成的最大相关因子。研究表明,相对于同期的泥地生境,贻贝养殖对鱼类群落结构及其多样性并无显著影响,但养殖活动对石首鱼科鱼类和一些趋礁鱼类的种群可能起到了积极的养护作用,同时也为幼小鱼类提供了更多的人工庇护所。 相似文献
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中街山列岛海洋保护区岛礁生境鱼类资源及群落多样性季节变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
根据2011年2、5、8、11月(I年度)和2012年2、5、8、11月(II年度)对中街山列岛海洋保护区4个采样带的定置刺网调查数据,结合多样性、相对资源丰度、相对重要性指数、更替和迁移指数,对该保护区的鱼类组成、多样性特征和群落稳定性进行了分析。各季节调查共采集鱼类58种,隶属8目31科48属,其中,鲈形目鱼类26种,占44.8%。保护区鱼类以暖温性和暖水性为主,趋礁性鱼类占所有种类的79%;底层、近底层和中上层鱼类各为21、23和14种,其中褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)和鳀(Engraulis japonicus)分别为各水层的绝对优势种,褐菖鲉在秋季和冬季对丰度贡献最大,而鳀在春季和夏季对丰度贡献最大。对群落多样性和稳定性的分析显示,Margalef丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性和更替指数均为夏季最高,冬季最低;Pielou均匀度呈现相反特点,且在冬季与夏季差异极显著(P0.01)。研究结果表明:中街山列岛海洋保护区鱼类生物量受温度影响较大,鱼类群落组成格局主要受季节变化影响,过度捕捞导致了岛礁生境鱼类多样性下降,因此,需加快海洋牧场建设和加强岛礁生境的管理工作。 相似文献
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Habitat use of the tapertail anchovy(Coilia mystus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Oujiang River Estuary and the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary was studied by examining the environmental signatures of Sr and Ca in otoliths using electron probe microanalysis. Individuals from the Oujiang River had higher and varied Sr:Ca ratios(expressed as(Sr:Ca)×1 000, 3.83–13.0 average) in the otolith core regions, suggesting that they were born in brackish or sea waters, and that a freshwater habitat might not be necessary for egg hatching and larval growth.While, individuals from the Zhujiang River had lower Sr:Ca ratios(0.39–2.51 average) in the core regions,suggesting a freshwater origin. After hatching, anchovies from the Zhujiang River migrate downstream to the river estuary close to brackish water. Our results demonstrated varied habitat use for spawning during stages of early life history between the two populations, and suggested that such variations are promoting diversity of life history strategies of this species. 相似文献
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The apparent use of marine and freshwater habitats by European eel Anguilla anguilla was examined by analyzing the strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in otoliths of the eels collected from Irish coastal and fresh waters. The age and growth of eels were also examined using their otolith annuli. The sizes and ages of the female eels were greater than those of the males. The somatic growth rates ranged from 15 to 62 mm/year, which is typical for Ireland and other European countries. Analyses of Sr:Ca ratios along a life history transect in each otolith showed peaks (maximum more than 25 × 10−3) between the core and elver mark corresponding to the period of their leptocephalus and early glass eel stages in the ocean. Outside the elver mark, the Sr:Ca ratios indicated that eels had remained in different habitats that included freshwater (average Sr:Ca ratios, 0.98–1.78 × 10−3) and areas with relatively high salinities (average Sr:Ca ratios, 6.73–8.89 × 10−3). Some individuals showed clear evidence of shifts from sea to fresh waters. These findings suggest that Irish eels have the same behavioral plasticity regarding whether or not to enter freshwater or remain in marine environments as has been recently documented in this species and several other temperate anguillid species. However, patterns of habitat use in Irish waters were somewhat different than those previously reported for other habitats. 相似文献
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The estuarine tapertail anchovy(Coilia nasus) is a high-value commercial fish. Estimating the spawning site or hatchery origin and habitat is essential for its conservation. This study aimed to determine the habitat use and life history characteristics of C. nasus from the Changjiang River Estuary. We investigated the environmental signatures of strontium(Sr) and calcium(Ca) in the otoliths of the collected specimens using electron probe microanalysis; additionally, we examined their gonadal mat... 相似文献
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David Milton Ian Halliday Michelle Sellin Richard Marsh Jonathan Staunton-Smith Jon Woodhead 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
We examine the microchemistry of otoliths of cohorts of a fished population of the large catadromous fish, barramundi Lates calcarifer from the estuary of a large tropical river. Barramundi from the estuary of the large, heavily regulated Fitzroy River, north-eastern Australia were analysed by making transects of 87Sr/86Sr isotope and trace metal/Ca ratios from the core to the outer edge. Firstly, we examined the Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, Mg/Ca and Mn/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in otoliths of barramundi tagged in either freshwater or estuarine habitats that were caught by the commercial fishery in the estuary. We used 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios to identify periods of freshwater residency and assess whether trace metal/Ca ratios varied between habitats. Only Sr/Ca consistently varied between known periods of estuarine or freshwater residency. The relationships between trace metal/Ca and river flow, salinity, temperature were examined in fish tagged and recaptured in the estuary. We found weak and inconsistent patterns in relationships between these variables in the majority of fish. These results suggest that both individual movement history within the estuary and the scale of environmental monitoring were reducing our ability to detect any patterns. Finally, we examined fish in the estuary from two dominant age cohorts (4 and 7 year old) before and after a large flood in 2003 to ascertain if the flood had enabled fish from freshwater habitats to migrate to the estuary. There was no difference in the proportion of fish in the estuary that had accessed freshwater after the flood. Instead, we found that larger individuals with of each age cohort were more likely to have spent a period in freshwater. This highlights the need to maintain freshwater flows in rivers. About half the fish examined had accessed freshwater habitats before capture. Of these, all had spent at least their first two months in marine salinity waters before entering freshwater and some did not enter freshwater until four years of age. This contrasts with the results of several previous studies in other parts of the range that found that access to freshwater swamps by larval barramundi was important for enhanced population productivity and recruitment. 相似文献
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为探究中国近海大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammosotakii)耳石微化学成分特征及群体分化状况,采集了连云港、青岛、威海、烟台、秦皇岛、大连、丹东7个野生群体和1个威海养殖群体的大泷六线鱼样本。利用LA-ICPMS技术测定耳石中的微量元素,以微量元素与钙的比值进行了分析,结果显示大泷六线鱼耳石中, Na/Ca、Sr/Ca、Fe/Ca、Mg/Ca较高,而Mn/Ca、Ba/Ca、Zn/Ca、Li/Ca较低。耳石1龄前元素比值的组间比较(S-N-K检验)结果显示:Na/Ca、Sr/Ca、Fe/Ca在群体间具显著性差异(P<0.05)。耳石边缘区元素与环境中元素比较发现,Li、Mn元素在耳石中富集程度较大,Sr在耳石的中元素含量远远大于水环境中的浓度,说明耳石中的元素沉积与海水中元素并不是简单的线性关系。判别分析结果显示:耳石1龄前元素指纹的判别分析结果表明,大泷六线鱼群体的判别成功率为63.0%,判别正确范围为30.0%～80.0%,耳石边缘区元素的判别正确率为57.1%,判别正确范围20.0%～80.0%,秦皇岛群体有高的判别成功率80.0%。耳石元素指纹可以用于不同大泷六线鱼群体的... 相似文献
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Epibenthic fishes were collected with daytime beam trawl tows (n = 1713) in three shallow (<10 m) habitats of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), Zostera marina (eelgrass), Laminaria longicruris (kelp), Phyllophora sp. (algae), and unvegetated sandy/mud areas. We divided the Maine coast into three broad zones based upon geological features and sampled over five consecutive years; during April–November 2000 in the mid coast, in 2001 and 2002 along the south coast and in 2003 and 2004 along the eastern Maine coast. We quantified habitat use by eight economically important fish species (Gadus morhua, Microgadus tomcod, Pollachius virens, Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tenuis, Osmerus mordax, Tautogolabrus adspersus, and Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and 10 other common epibenthic species (n = 18 571). We identified the physical and biological variables most important in discriminating between habitats with and without individual fish species. Logistic regression models based on nearshore habitat characteristics were developed to predict the distribution of these species along the three zones representing broad geological regions of the Maine coast. Logistic regression models correctly classified individual fish species 58.7–97.1% of the time based on the temporal and physical habitat variables (month, temperature, salinity, and depth) and the presence–absence of submerged aquatic vegetation (Zostera, Laminaria, or Phyllophora). Overall fish presence and economically important fish presence were correctly classified 61.1–79.8% and 66.0–73.6% of the time, respectively. The Maine shallow water fish community was composed primarily of young-of-the-year and juvenile fishes with all habitats functioning as facultative nursery areas. Presence of most fish species was positively associated with Zostera, Laminaria, and to a lesser extent, Phyllophora. This study provides direct evidence of shallow waters of the Gulf of Maine as critical facultative nursery habitat for juvenile G. morhua, M. tomcod, P. virens, U. tenuis, U. chuss, T. adspersus, O. mordax and P. americanus, and many ecologically important species. 相似文献
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Juveniles of both stone flounder Platichthys bicoloratus and starry flounder Platichthys stellatus utilize estuaries as nursery grounds. To understand their habitat selection and the functions of habitats such as food supply, we defined the seasonal distribution of recently settled fish of these species in shallow nursery areas and investigated their feeding habits in the Natori River estuary, Japan. Distribution of stone flounder was limited to the lower estuary (<3 km upriver from the mouth) and stone flounder were most abundant near the mouth. Recently settled starry flounder were first detected further upstream in areas characterized by low salinity <10 and by the absence of the predatory sand shrimp Crangon uritai. Early juvenile stone and starry flounders consumed mainly siphons of the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea and the mysid Neomysis awatschensis, respectively; however, 1- and 2-yr-old fish of both stone and starry flounders fed mainly on the bivalve siphons. These results indicate that habitat selections of juvenile stone and starry flounders enable utilization of preferred prey and predator avoidance, respectively, and that non-overlap of these species' habitats results in avoidance of inter-specific competition for food between these two species. 相似文献