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1.
为探明工程建设后东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落结构特征,作者利用等级聚类和多元统计等方法对该水域鱼类种类组成、优势种及群落结构进行分析。春、秋季共发现18种鱼类,隶属6目9科15属;鲈形目鱼类所占比例最高(50%),其中又以虾虎鱼科鱼类最高(44.4%)。春季优势种为短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina),秋季优势种为棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)和凤鲚(Coilia mystus);棘头梅童鱼为春、秋季共同优势种。等级聚类和非度量多维标序排序表明,东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落可分为春季和秋季2个组群,相似性检验(ANOSIM)显示2个组群差异极显著(R=0.851,P0.01)。生物与环境相关分析(BIOENV)表明温度和盐度是影响东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落结构的最主要环境因子,两者结合因子与鱼类群落的相关系数为0.791。本研究发现,东海大桥风电场水域是棘头梅童鱼、凤鲚、龙头鱼等多种鱼类的育幼和索饵场所,群落结构具有典型的季节特征。 相似文献
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北黄海秋季黄鮟鱇摄食习性的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2007年秋季在黄海北部海域进行的定点底拖网调查,对黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon)的摄食习性进行了初步研究。结果表明,黄鮟鱇在秋季主要以底层鱼类和虾类为食,优势饵料生物是矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis),其中矛尾虾虎鱼在食物组成中所占的比例最高,是黄鮟鱇最重要的饵料生物。典范对应分析表明,水深、经度和纬度对黄鮟鱇的食物组成有显著影响(P0.05),而体长、性别和性腺成熟度则没有显著影响(P0.05)。黄鮟鱇摄食矛尾虾虎鱼和脊腹褐虾的体长范围分别是32~152 mm和34~79 mm,平均体长分别为(80.8±1.88)和(53.2±3.11)(S.E.)mm,它与2种饵料生物的体长之间没有显著的相关关系。黄鮟鱇与矛尾虾虎鱼和脊腹褐虾体长的比率分别为1.19~5.14和2.38~6.02,平均值分别为(2.67±0.09)和(4.23±0.29)(S.E.),黄鮟鱇与2种饵料生物体长的比率与黄鮟鱇的体长之间存在极显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(7)
矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)是黄、渤海重要的优势种之一,在近岸生态系统中起着重要作用。本文根据2016年10月和2017年1、5和8月在山东近海进行的底拖网采集的矛尾虾虎鱼样品,对其群体组成、体长-体重关系、摄食、性成熟等渔业生物学特征及其季节变化进行了研究。研究表明:山东近海海域矛尾虾虎鱼体长分布范围为30～225 mm,平均体长为(90.27±28.15)mm,优势体长组为40～130 mm;体重分布范围为0.24～80.84 g,平均体重为(8.90±8.53) g,优势体重组为0～15 g。矛尾虾虎鱼平均体长、平均体重在冬季最大,夏季最小。矛尾虾虎鱼全年体长-体重关系式为W=2.02×10~(-5)L~(2.83)(R~2=0.945 5,n=2 992尾),春季、夏季、秋季及冬季体长-体重关系为W=1.79×10~(-5)L~(2.83),W=1.11×10~(-5)L~(2.97),W=5.39×10~(-5)L~(2.61)和W=3.04×10~(-5)L~(2.74)。矛尾虾虎鱼主要摄食帘蛤科、樱蛤科等瓣鳃类,同时还摄食虾类、多毛类等,其摄食等级主要以1级和2级为主,春季和冬季摄食等级随着体长组增大呈现递增趋势,这一趋势在夏季和秋季不明显。性腺达到Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期的个体主要出现在冬季,表明矛尾虾虎鱼冬季性腺开始发育成熟。研究结果表明矛尾虾虎鱼渔业生物学特征存在明显季节差异,研究结果为进一步研究矛尾虾虎鱼的生物学特征和渔业资源评估提供了生物学资料。 相似文献
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为了分析黄海区虾拖网网囊网目对副渔获物的选择性,运用套网法对30,33,40 mm 3种网目尺寸的网囊进行了选择性试验。用统计学方法求得几种优势副渔物的逃逸率,并用极大似然法对渔获数据进行处理求得相关的选择性参数。结果表明,大部分副渔获物的逃逸率随着网囊网目尺寸的增大而增大,在网目尺寸为30,33,40 mm时矛尾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)的逃逸率分别为48.3%,59.7%和62.6%;细巧仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis tenella)的逃逸率分别为67.0%,68.2%,68.7%。矛尾虎鱼的选择性参数也随着网目尺寸的增大而增大,在网目尺寸为30,33,40 mm时,矛尾虎鱼的50%选择体长L50分别为81.858,86.715和88.028 mm,选择范围SR分别为41.097,45.007和50.423 mm。研究表明,单靠放大网囊网目尺寸来释放虾拖网中副渔获物,效果不甚理想。 相似文献
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鱼类群落结构和功能群组成是了解水域生态系统的结构和功能的基础,本研究基于2018年4月、6—11月底拖网鱼类资源调查数据,分析了天津近海鱼类群落结构和功能群组成。调查共捕获鱼类23种,隶属于6目14科20属,主要以暖温性底层鱼类和中上层鱼类为主。优势种以矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaetueichthysstigmatias)、六丝矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaetueichthyshexanema)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossusjoyneri)等小型鱼类为主,其中矛尾鰕虎鱼为各月共有优势种。根据月间CLUSTER聚类分析结果,可将天津近海鱼类群落分为3个组,其中,4月为一组,6—9月为一组,10—11月为一组。根据各鱼种饵料组成进行聚类分析,天津近海鱼类群落由浮游动物食性功能群、广食性功能群、杂食性功能群、虾/鱼食性功能群、鱼食性功能群和底栖动物食性功能群,其中杂食性功能群、虾/鱼食性功能群和广食性功能群为主要功能群。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(7)
本文旨在查明目前黄河口水域鱼类浮游生物的种类组成和数量变化,为进一步研究鱼类资源早期补充、种群动态以及制定合理的渔业资源养护措施提供基础资料。根据2013年8月、2014年5月在黄河口及其邻近水域进行的鱼卵、仔稚鱼的调查数据,研究了该水域5、8月鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布,分析了鱼卵、仔稚鱼优势种数量分布与水温、盐度等环境因子的关系。研究表明,本次调查获得鱼卵25 613粒,隶属于12科13属15种(未定种1种);仔稚鱼369尾,隶属于4科7属9种(未定种1种)。5月鱼卵优势种为日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa chefuensis)和斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus),密集区分布在黄河口北部近岸海域,分布在密集区的种类以日本鳀和赤鼻棱鳀为主;8月鱼卵优势种为短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama),其鱼卵主要集中分布于北部近岸海域,南部水域的部分站位也有鱼卵密集,密集区内的种类以短吻红舌鳎和多鳞鱚为主。5月仔稚鱼优势种为矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和赤鼻棱鳀等,仔稚鱼主要集中分布于黄河口南部海域,密集区以赤鼻棱鳀和矛尾虾虎鱼为主;8月仔稚鱼数量极少,无明显优势种。Pearson相关分析表明,除5月赤鼻棱鳀鱼卵数量与表层水温呈显著正相关外,其他优势种鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量与表层水温、表层盐度均无显著相关性。与历史同期调查结果相比,该水域5、8月鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成和数量分布均发生了一定的变化。带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和鳓(Ilisha elongate)等传统经济鱼类的鱼卵、仔稚鱼少见,以日本鳀、赤鼻棱鳀和斑鰶等小型中上层鱼类为主要优势种;黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangeri)等鱼卵、仔稚鱼密度低。 相似文献
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渤海湾半滑舌鳎及焦氏舌鳎的鱼卵和仔稚鱼的形态 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
半滑舌鳎Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther和焦氏舌鳎C.joyneri Günther 均隶属于舌鳎科Cyonglossidae的舌鳎属Cynoglossus,系广泛分布在我国近海的底层鱼类。它们具有一定的经济价值。其中半滑舌鳎是该属中个体较大的种类,最大体长可达800毫米以上。素有名贵鱼类之称。惟产量不高。该类鱼多栖息在海湾水域,洄游距离短,活动范围小,是适合增养殖的对象之一。 关于这两种舌鳎的早期形态资料迄今尚未 相似文献
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石岛湾四种常见鱼类的热耐受性比较研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
作者分别采用动态法和静态法两种实验方法,以石岛湾4种常见鱼类(许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)和矛尾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias))为研究对象,对比研究了在4个季节基础水温(5.0~26.0℃)和9个温升速率(0.5~15.0℃/h)下这些鱼类的热耐受性。结果表明,4种鱼类的CTM(最大临界温度)和24 h UILT_(50)(24 h高起始致死温度)均与基础水温呈显著正相关,温升速率对鱼类耐热性的影响因鱼种和季节基础温度而异;相同基础水温下4种实验鱼类的CTM值均高于24 h UILT_(50)。4种鱼类的24 h UILT50依次为:矛尾虎鱼许氏平鲉褐菖鲉大泷六线鱼。 相似文献
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根据2019年4、5、8和10月在葫芦岛沿岸海域获取的4个航次的渔业资源调查数据，研究了葫芦岛沿岸海域渔业资源的群落结构和资源丰度的时空分布特征。结果表明：2019年调查共获得渔业资源种类42种，其中鱼类隶属于5目13科共21种，均属于硬骨鱼类，头足类4种，甲壳类17种。渔业资源优势种为矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)。全年渔业资源多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)和物种丰富度指数(D)平均值分别为1.96、0.62和1.01,多样性指数以10月最高，其次为5月和4月，8月最低。调查海域渔获种类组成主要为虾类和鱼类，头足类和蟹类所占比例较小。渔业资源丰度月变化明显，8月最大为27 772 g/h,其次10月为7 856 g/h, 4月和5月最小，分别为1 164 g/h和1 542 g/h。渔业资源丰度随月份不同呈现不同的空间变化，从春季到秋季，资源丰度高值呈现由北部沿岸向南部移动的特点。本研究旨在为葫芦岛近岸水域渔业资源的合理开发和保护提供科学... 相似文献
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为了研究春季长江口外海底层鱼类群聚特征及其与环境因子的关系,我们根据2015年5月长江口外海底层鱼类的调查资料,使用聚类分析(Cluster)、非参数多维标度排序(NMDS)、相似性分析(ANOSIM)、相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)以及典型对应分析(CCA)等方法对资料进行分析。本研究共记录底层鱼类58种,其中鲈形目种类数最多(21种),鲽形目次之。六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)是优势种。底层鱼类可以划分为3个群组—近海组、南部中间组和南部远海组,不同群组的物种组成差异显著。南部中间组和南部远海组的物种多为东海外海种类,这可能是近岸黑潮底层分支影响的结果。物种数、Margalef丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性和Pielou均匀度从近海到与远海呈逐渐增加的趋势。CCA分析表明深度是显著影响底层鱼类的环境因子。短鳄齿鱼(Champsodon snyderi)、丝鳍(Repomucenus virgis)、多棘腔吻鳕(Coelorinchus multispinulosus)等东海外海种类与深度呈正相关,而优势种六丝钝尾虾虎鱼受环境因子影响较小。 相似文献
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Fish-farming structures are widespread in coastal waters and are highly attractive to wild fish. Several studies have estimated that tons to tens of tons of wild fish aggregate around fish farms. These estimates assumed that the majority of wild fish are concentrated immediately beneath farms, although this assumption has never been explicitly tested. We tested the hypothesis that abundances of wild fish would be greatest immediately beneath farms and progressively diminish with distance at 4 full-scale coastal salmon (Salmo salar) farms in Norway. At each farm, fish were counted with a video-camera system at 5 different distances from the cages (farm = 0 m, 25, 50, 100 and 200 m) throughout the water column on three separate days. Combined across all locations and times, the total abundance of wild fish was 20 times greater at the farm than at the 200 m sampling distance. Saithe (Pollachius virens) dominated assemblages at all 4 farms and were consistently significantly more abundant at the farm than at the 25–200 m distances. This ‘tight aggregation’ around farms corresponds to the reliance of saithe on waste feed when they school near farms. In contrast, patterns of distribution of both cod (Gadus morhua) and poor cod (Trisopterus minutus) varied among farms, with either highest abundances at the farm or a more even distribution of abundance across all 5 distances sampled. No specific pattern of aggregation was evident for the bottom-dwelling haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Our results suggest that the present 100 m no-fishing zone around salmon farms protects the greatest proportion of farm-aggregated saithe and cod from fishing during the daytime. However, whether this reduces their overall susceptibility to fishing requires further research regarding nighttime distribution and movements. 相似文献
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Clynick BG 《Marine environmental research》2008,65(1):18-33
In the marine environment, artificial structures are not, in general, managed for their value as habitat and are often built with no a priori expectation as to the assemblages which may colonise them. It may, however, become increasingly important to consider the value of such structures as habitat when decisions are made with respect to the management of artificial structures. This study investigates the role marinas play as habitat for fish by examining the distribution of fish associated with these urban developments and how this distribution relates to the physical characteristics of marinas. Assemblages of fish associated with marinas in waterways around Sydney were sampled in August and December 2002 and May 2003. Counts were done around structures present at marinas, i.e. pontoons and pilings and in the open water immediately adjacent to these structures. Within marinas, spatial patterns were particular to the types of fish examined. Large mobile species, such as Acanthopagrus australis and Girella tricuspidata, moved between structures and the open water between them. Smaller species, such as Trachinops taeniatus and Microcanthus strigatus, were found only in the immediate vicinity of these structures. At a larger spatial scale, assemblages of fish varied markedly between different marinas. This variability could not, however, be attributed to the depth of water, the age or size of marinas, nor the type of material with which marinas were constructed (i.e. pontoons or jetties). 相似文献
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Recent research has on the basis of general equilibrium models warned that trade liberalisation in non-optimally managed renewable resources might cause over-exploitation and reduced steady-state welfare. Welfare effects of trade liberalisation in open access and optimal management are found case specific and dependent on factors such as the country's status as importer or exporter, the state of the fish stocks and the size of the countries on the world market. The present paper develops an alternative partial equilibrium framework capable of identifying welfare effects of fish trade liberalisation also in the presence of complex but realistic management schemes, such as regulated open access and regulated restricted access. The case dependency known from the general equilibrium analysis is confirmed, but the introduction of realistic fisheries management schemes in the partial equilibrium model extended this case dependency. The welfare effect of trade liberalisation in an exporter country is negative under open access, but was found positive under regulated restricted access in the present paper. 相似文献
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R. F. Coombs 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):479-488
A system to record digitised echo information from echo sounders has been developed as part of a project to improve methods of estimating the abundance of fish stocks around New Zealand. The depth of echoes appearing at the echo‐sounder receiver is determined, followed by a sequence of samples of the echo envelope defining its shape. All data are digitised and recorded on a seven‐track digital magnetic tape recorder. The system is designed to preserve as much information about the echoes as possible. In contrast to other published systems designed to either “count” or “integrate” fish echoes, this system allows free choice of methods of analysis. 相似文献