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1.
摘 要：为了解天津近海鱼类群落结构和食性功能群结构的组成，于2018年4月、6—11月采用底拖网采样对该海域鱼类资源进行调查，以阐明天津近海鱼类资源群落结构和食性功能群结构现状。结果表明：本次调查共捕获鱼类23种，隶属于6目14科20属，其中鲱形目6种，胡瓜鱼目1种，鲉形目1种，鲻形目1种，鲈形目12种，鲽形目2种。月间优势种以小型鱼类为主，其中矛尾鰕虎鱼为各月共有优势种。根据鱼类栖所类型划分，大陆架浅水底层鱼类9种，大陆架浅水中上层鱼类7种，大陆架浅水中底层鱼类共4种，大陆架岩礁性鱼类2种，大陆架大洋洄游性中上层鱼类1种。根据鱼类适温类型划分，暖温性鱼类15种，暖水性鱼类6种，冷温性鱼类2种。据月间CLUSTER聚类和MDS分析结果可知，天津海域月间鱼类群落结构分为3个群组，其中6—9月为一组，10、11月为一组，4月为一组。根据各鱼种食物组成的出现频率百分比组成进行聚类分析，天津近海鱼类群落由6个功能群组成，包括浮游动物食性功能群、 广食性功能群、杂食性功能群、虾/鱼食性功能群、鱼食性功能群和底栖动物食性功能群。研究表明，天津近海鱼类种类较少，且以小型鱼类为主，以杂食性功能群、虾/鱼食性功能群和浮游动物食性功能群为主要功能群。 相似文献
2.
为探明工程建设后东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落结构特征,作者利用等级聚类和多元统计等方法对该水域鱼类种类组成、优势种及群落结构进行分析。春、秋季共发现18种鱼类,隶属6目9科15属;鲈形目鱼类所占比例最高(50%),其中又以虾虎鱼科鱼类最高(44.4%)。春季优势种为短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina),秋季优势种为棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)和凤鲚(Coilia mystus);棘头梅童鱼为春、秋季共同优势种。等级聚类和非度量多维标序排序表明,东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落可分为春季和秋季2个组群,相似性检验(ANOSIM)显示2个组群差异极显著(R=0.851,P0.01)。生物与环境相关分析(BIOENV)表明温度和盐度是影响东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落结构的最主要环境因子,两者结合因子与鱼类群落的相关系数为0.791。本研究发现,东海大桥风电场水域是棘头梅童鱼、凤鲚、龙头鱼等多种鱼类的育幼和索饵场所,群落结构具有典型的季节特征。 相似文献
3.
秋季长江口鱼类浮游生物群落时空结构 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据1998—2009年11月长江口及其邻近海域7个航次的调查资料,探讨了秋季长江口鱼类浮游生物群落种类组成、群落结构及多样性时空变化特征。研究结果显示,7个秋季航次共捕获鱼类浮游生物969个(尾),隶属于10目19科33种,以鲈形目种类最多(7科9种)。秋季长江口鱼类浮游生物以沿岸型种类最多(12种),其次是半咸水(10种)和近海种类(9种),淡水种类最少(4种)。秋季长江口鱼类浮游生物优势种年度间演替显著,对鱼类浮游生物群落丰度贡献最大的种类包括:半咸水型的矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和前颌间银鱼(Salanx prognathus)、沿岸型的康氏小公鱼(Stolephorus commersonnii)、近海型的鳀(Engraulis japonicus)和带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)。2004年以后,长江口鱼类浮游生物种类数量、丰度和多样性均显著高于2004之前的调查航次。ANOSIM分析显示,长江口鱼类浮游生物群落结构年度间差异显著,且2007和2009年与其他年度不相似性最高。可以看出,秋季长江口鱼类浮游生物种类组成呈年度变异状态,2004年后长江口鱼类浮游生物群落结构变异最大,多样性呈增加趋势。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(7)
矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)是黄、渤海重要的优势种之一,在近岸生态系统中起着重要作用。本文根据2016年10月和2017年1、5和8月在山东近海进行的底拖网采集的矛尾虾虎鱼样品,对其群体组成、体长-体重关系、摄食、性成熟等渔业生物学特征及其季节变化进行了研究。研究表明:山东近海海域矛尾虾虎鱼体长分布范围为30～225 mm,平均体长为(90.27±28.15)mm,优势体长组为40～130 mm;体重分布范围为0.24～80.84 g,平均体重为(8.90±8.53) g,优势体重组为0～15 g。矛尾虾虎鱼平均体长、平均体重在冬季最大,夏季最小。矛尾虾虎鱼全年体长-体重关系式为W=2.02×10~(-5)L~(2.83)(R~2=0.945 5,n=2 992尾),春季、夏季、秋季及冬季体长-体重关系为W=1.79×10~(-5)L~(2.83),W=1.11×10~(-5)L~(2.97),W=5.39×10~(-5)L~(2.61)和W=3.04×10~(-5)L~(2.74)。矛尾虾虎鱼主要摄食帘蛤科、樱蛤科等瓣鳃类,同时还摄食虾类、多毛类等,其摄食等级主要以1级和2级为主,春季和冬季摄食等级随着体长组增大呈现递增趋势,这一趋势在夏季和秋季不明显。性腺达到Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期的个体主要出现在冬季,表明矛尾虾虎鱼冬季性腺开始发育成熟。研究结果表明矛尾虾虎鱼渔业生物学特征存在明显季节差异,研究结果为进一步研究矛尾虾虎鱼的生物学特征和渔业资源评估提供了生物学资料。 相似文献
5.
为了研究春季长江口外海底层鱼类群聚特征及其与环境因子的关系,我们根据2015年5月长江口外海底层鱼类的调查资料,使用聚类分析(Cluster)、非参数多维标度排序(NMDS)、相似性分析(ANOSIM)、相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)以及典型对应分析(CCA)等方法对资料进行分析。本研究共记录底层鱼类58种,其中鲈形目种类数最多(21种),鲽形目次之。六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)是优势种。底层鱼类可以划分为3个群组—近海组、南部中间组和南部远海组,不同群组的物种组成差异显著。南部中间组和南部远海组的物种多为东海外海种类,这可能是近岸黑潮底层分支影响的结果。物种数、Margalef丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性和Pielou均匀度从近海到与远海呈逐渐增加的趋势。CCA分析表明深度是显著影响底层鱼类的环境因子。短鳄齿鱼(Champsodon snyderi)、丝鳍(Repomucenus virgis)、多棘腔吻鳕(Coelorinchus multispinulosus)等东海外海种类与深度呈正相关,而优势种六丝钝尾虾虎鱼受环境因子影响较小。 相似文献
6.
荣成湾渔业资源群落结构季节变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据2009年4个季度荣成湾海域的调查资料,探讨荣成湾渔业资源种类组成和群落结构季节变化特征.结果表明,2009年荣成湾渔业资源生物96种,其中鱼类43种,无脊椎动物53种.荣成湾的优势种存在明显的季节变化:赵氏狮子鱼、细纹狮子鱼是春季的优势种,六丝矛尾鰕虎鱼在夏季优势地位最高,短吻红舌鳎是秋季和冬季的第一优势种;荣成湾无脊椎动物海蜇生物量最高,虾类丰度最高.荣成湾渔业资源量存在季节波动,夏季最高,冬季最低,除秋季外,无脊椎动物对渔业资源贡献均超过鱼类资源.不同季节荣成湾鱼类资源多样性变化不大,秋冬季无脊椎动物资源多样性显著高于春夏季.荣成湾渔业群落种类和资源量呈显著季节变异,鱼类与无脊椎动物季节变化特征不完全一致. 相似文献
7.
研究中经常会用测量耳石称量特征推算饵料鱼类的形态参数,而青岛沿海鱼类相关的研究较少,因此作者根据2015年3、5、8月3个航次在青岛近海的拖网调查数据,分析了捕获的24种共1002尾鱼的耳石秤量特征(耳石长、耳石宽和耳石质量)和鱼体大小(体长、体质量)的关系。结果表明,渔获24种鱼类分属5个目、14个科、24种鱼类的体长体质量呈显著幂函数相关,相关系数R~2的范围为0.779～0.997,幂指数b的范围为2.376～3.591,平均值为3.048±0.327,其中黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等11种鱼类的b值均大于3(P0.05),为正异速生长,其余13种鱼类的b值小于3(P0.05),呈负异速增长。耳石宽-鱼体长的相关性比耳石长-鱼体长的相关性要好,仅有3种鱼(饰鳍斜棘鱼衔(Repomucenus ornatipinnis)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和焦氏舌鳎Cynoglossus lighti)未呈现显著相关关系。在耳石质量-鱼体质量的相关关系中,9种鱼(如皮氏叫姑(Johnius belengerii)、扁斜棘?(Repomucenus planus)、石鲽(Kareius bicoloratus)呈显著相关(只是列举了一部分), 5种鱼(锦鳚(Pholis nebulosus)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Synechogobius ommaturus)、焦氏舌鳎(Cynoglossus lighti))在现有样品情况下未呈现显著相关关系。 相似文献
8.
北黄海秋季黄鮟鱇摄食习性的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2007年秋季在黄海北部海域进行的定点底拖网调查,对黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon)的摄食习性进行了初步研究。结果表明,黄鮟鱇在秋季主要以底层鱼类和虾类为食,优势饵料生物是矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis),其中矛尾虾虎鱼在食物组成中所占的比例最高,是黄鮟鱇最重要的饵料生物。典范对应分析表明,水深、经度和纬度对黄鮟鱇的食物组成有显著影响(P0.05),而体长、性别和性腺成熟度则没有显著影响(P0.05)。黄鮟鱇摄食矛尾虾虎鱼和脊腹褐虾的体长范围分别是32~152 mm和34~79 mm,平均体长分别为(80.8±1.88)和(53.2±3.11)(S.E.)mm,它与2种饵料生物的体长之间没有显著的相关关系。黄鮟鱇与矛尾虾虎鱼和脊腹褐虾体长的比率分别为1.19~5.14和2.38~6.02,平均值分别为(2.67±0.09)和(4.23±0.29)(S.E.),黄鮟鱇与2种饵料生物体长的比率与黄鮟鱇的体长之间存在极显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
9.
本文分析了河北省沿海小黄鱼、黄姑鱼、蓝点鲅、牙鲆、半滑舌鳎、鲈鱼、鯒鱼和孔鳐的饵料组成及其相互关系。主要结果有:(1)在饵料组成中,主要的饵料生物是日本鼓虾、脊尾褐虾、虾蛄、中国毛虾、黄鲫、日本鳀鱼、钝尖尾鰕虎鱼和尖尾鰕虎鱼等,这些主要饵料生物基本上都是群众渔业的重要捕捞对象;(2)种间存在不同程度的饵料竞争关系;(3)捕食与被捕食关系分别存在于鲈鱼与小黄鱼、鲈鱼与半滑舌鳎、鯒鱼与小黄鱼的种间。本文从饵料保障的角度,探讨了上述8个经济鱼种资源的恢复与其饵料生物资源的渔业捕捞之间的关系。 相似文献
10.
鱼藤酮对花鲈、矛尾虾虎鱼的急性毒性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(1)
采用静水实验方法和改良寇式法计算,以鲈鱼Lateolabrax japonicas、矛尾虾虎鱼Chaeturighthys stigmatia Richardson为实验材料开展了鱼藤酮的急性毒性实验。结果表明:鱼藤酮分别处理6h、9h、18h、21h、24h时鲈鱼的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为18.40μg/L、17.83μg/L、14.55μg/L、14.32μg/L、13.72μg/L,鲈鱼半致死浓度的95%置信区间分别为17.29~19.58μg/L、17.22~18.46μg/L、13.92~15.10μg/L、13.69~14.97μg/L、13.18~14.27μg/L;鱼藤酮分别处理24h、48h、72h时矛尾虾虎鱼的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为45.35μg/L、26.59μg/L、16.96μg/L,矛尾虾虎鱼半致死浓度的95%置信区间分别为42.01~48.85μg/L、24.78~28.54μg/L和16.09~17.88μg/L。2种鱼类的半致死浓度都非常低,而矛尾虾虎鱼对鱼藤酮的耐受性更强一些,鱼药毒性等级划分显示鱼藤酮对两种鱼类均属于剧毒性物质。 相似文献
11.
Manuel Castillo‐Rivera Rocío Zárate‐Hernández Selene Ortiz‐Burgos José Zavala‐Hurtado 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(4):633-642
We hypothesized that temporal variation in fish species composition and community structure in a low complexity habitat in the Pueblo Viejo Lagoon, Mexico, is influenced by diel light/dark cycles and tidal stage, and by seasonal changes in salinity and temperature. We collected a total of 17,661 individuals during 2‐h interval sampling over six bi‐monthly 24‐h sampling cycles representing 53 species, of which 11 (～20%) were previously unknown in the system. Diel variation indicated that significantly higher numbers of individuals and species were caught at night, whereas diversity and evenness were higher during the day. Species richness was significantly higher in July and January, whereas diversity and evenness peaked around May; both were correlated with temperature. Diel variation in species composition was influenced primarily by the light/dark cycle. Cluster analyses of each diel cycle separated fish assemblages from midday samples from those of nocturnal samples, separated by an extended wide transition period as fish moved at dawn and during the late afternoon/dusk. Significant shifts (as determined by MANOVA) in assemblage structure occurred between months. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that temperature and day/night effects were the most important environmental variables structuring the fish community. This constrained ordination also defined species with specific habitat preferences as follows: (i) diurnal, warm temperature species (mainly planktivores) (Brevoortia gunteri, Cetengraulis edentulus, Diapterus auratus, and Membras martinica); (ii) nocturnal, warm temperature species (mainly predators) (Citharichthys spilopterus, Cathorops melanopus, and Bairdiella spp.); and (iii) low temperature, diurnal species (Brevoortia patronus and Mugil curema) or those with twilight and nocturnal distributions (Anchoa mitchilli, the most numerically abundant species). Our results indicate that diel and seasonal changes in fish community structure were mainly related to day/night cycles and temperature regimes. 相似文献
12.
The Northwest Atlantic marine community underwent dramatic changes during the last 30 years, including the collapse of many groundfish stocks and an increase in shrimp populations. Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides is an important commercial species and one of the top fish predators in this system. It is a large, wide-ranging flatfish that is found at depths up to 2200 m and it has an opportunistic diet which makes it a potential candidate for an ecosystem indicator. Analysis of stomach contents of Greenland halibut between 1978 and 2003 indicates that diet composition reflects the major changes in community structure. Over the entire period there was a clear increase in the importance of invertebrates, particularly after 1992. This change was associated with a higher importance of Pandalus shrimp and Gonatus squid and a protracted reliance on zooplankton by predators under 25 cm length. Capelin Mallotus villosus was the dominant prey between 1978 and 1992 for predators in the 12–63 cm range, but its importance dropped off drastically in the mid 1990s. Levels of main prey in the diet of Greenland halibut correlated well with fishery-independent surveys. Greenland halibut sample capelin well, compared to bottom trawl surveys and acoustic surveys. Greenland halibut consumed small shrimp which are not routinely caught by surveys and may be important in deriving information on year classes and growth of shrimp. Our results suggest that Greenland halibut's diet is a useful tracker of ecosystem change. 相似文献
13.
Changes in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence ecosystem estimated by inverse modelling: Evidence of a fishery-induced regime shift? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Claude Savenkoff Martin Castonguay Denis Chabot Mike O. Hammill Hugo Bourdages Lyne Morissette 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):711-724
Mass-balance models have been constructed using inverse methodology for the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence for the mid-1980s, the mid-1990s, and the early 2000s to describe ecosystem structure, trophic group interactions, and the effects of fishing and predation on the ecosystem for each time period. Our analyses indicate that the ecosystem structure shifted dramatically from one previously dominated by demersal (cod, redfish) and small-bodied forage (e.g., capelin, mackerel, herring, shrimp) species to one now dominated by small-bodied forage species. Overfishing removed a functional group in the late 1980s, large piscivorous fish (primarily cod and redfish), which has not recovered 14 years after the cessation of heavy fishing. This has left only marine mammals as top predators during the mid-1990s, and marine mammals and small Greenland halibut during the early 2000s. Predation by marine mammals on fish increased from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s while predation by large fish on fish decreased. Capelin and shrimp, the main prey in each period, showed an increase in biomass over the three periods. A switch in the main predators of capelin from cod to marine mammals occurred, while Greenland halibut progressively replaced cod as shrimp predators. Overfishing influenced community structure directly through preferential removal of larger-bodied fishes and indirectly through predation release because larger-bodied fishes exerted top-down control upon other community species or competed with other species for the same prey. Our modelling estimates showed that a change in predation structure or flows at the top of the trophic system led to changes in predation at all lower trophic levels in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. These changes represent a case of fishery-induced regime shift. 相似文献
14.
15.
Sverker Evans 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,18(6):651-672
The energy flow through the epibenthic community on a shallow soft bottom in Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, is evaluated. The interaction between the dominant epibenthic predators: brown shrimp Crangon crangon L., juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. and sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas), and their food supply is examined, and the fate of the biomass produced within the shallow water ecosystem is described. A steady state model is presented which describes the amounts, pathways and annual rates of energy flowing through the shallow water community. Field and laboratory studies are performed in order to validate the consumption rates of the fish and shrimp species. The brown shrimp occupies a key position in this ecosystem. It represents food, consisting of newly settled juveniles, both to its conspecifics and to other epibenthic species in shallow water. Sixty to eighty per cent of the annual production of shrimps in shallow water is consumed by the epibenthic predators. The brown shrimp constitutes a main predator on other epibenthic species and, by providing such feedback loops, the shrimp constitutes a highly significant regulator of epibenthic carnivores in shallow water. A loss from the benthic community will occur due to predation, maximally amounting to 24–34% of the annual production, which is a high value compared to similar areas. A dynamic simulation is also performed in order to calculate the seasonal change of energy in the epibenthic community in shallow water. Based on mortality calculations, the total output from the shallow nursery should amount to 0·6 g m−2 year−1 (dry wt). 相似文献
16.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):585-596
The benthic fish community off Namibia (between the Cunene River and Walvis Bay) in 50–650 m of water was studied during three bottom trawl surveys. The community was investigated on the basis of distribution, abundance and diet of 51 species, constituting 95 per cent of the demersal fish biomass. Dietary studies revealed the existence of three major trophic groups, one containing species that prey on pelagic and nektonic organisms, a second dominated by predators that feed on benthic polychaetes and copepods and a third group containing predators of benthic crabs, demersal shrimps and fish. Well differentiated from these groups are a few species that prey mainly on jellyfish and ophiuroids. Because for most of the species, their trophic level changes with growth, they were divided into size classes which are analysed independently. To describe interactions between the size classes, a similarity index combining diet affinity with spatial coincidence was applied. Cluster analysis showed that, for Merluccius capensis, Raja straeleni, R. clavata and Trachurus trachurus, there is a large difference in both geographic distribution and dietary preference between the size classes. For species such as Hoplostethus atlanticus, Austroglossus microlepis and Coelorinchus flabellispinis, the different size classes seem to share the same ecological niche. Variation in the number of species and the parameters mean abundance and niche width are described to enhance knowledge of the general structure of the community. 相似文献
17.
Benjamin C. Green David J. Smith Sarah E. Earley Leanne J. Hepburn Graham J.C. Underwood 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,85(2):247-256
European intertidal salt marshes are important nursery sites for juvenile fish and crustaceans. Due to the increasing threat of habitat loss, the seasonal changes of salt marsh fish communities need to be understood in order to appreciate the ecological and economic importance of the saltmarsh habitat. This study was the first in Great Britain to investigate the seasonal changes of salt marsh fish communities and the variation in community structure between closely located marsh habitats. Between February 2007 and March 2008, five marshes on three estuaries of the Essex coastline were sampled using flume nets to block off intertidal creeks at high tide. Fourteen fish species were caught. The community overall was dominated by three species that made up 91.6% of the total catch: the common goby Pomatoschistus microps (46.2% of the total catch), juvenile herring Clupea harengus (24.3%), and juvenile and larval sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (21.2%). Cluster analysis demonstrated clear seasonal patterns, with some community structures unique to specific marshes or estuaries. The marsh fish community shifts from a highly diverse community during spring, to a community dominated by D. labrax and P. microps in autumn, and low diversity during winter months. Gravimetric stomach content analysis of fish community identified three main trophic guilds; macroinvertivores, planktivores and omnivores. The macroinvertivore feeding guild contained D. labrax and P. microps, the two most frequently occurring species. This investigation demonstrates the importance of British salt marshes as nursery habitats for commercial fish species. 相似文献
18.
本研究利用高通量测序技术分析小鼠喂食鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)鱼油和鱼白酶解液后肠道微生物的多样性、群落组成以及结构的变化,探讨高蛋白、高脂肪饮食对人类健康的影响。研究结果显示:喂食鱼油组小鼠的肠道微生物丰富且多样。在门水平上,对照组和鱼油组的优势菌门为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);鱼白组的优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。在科水平上,对照组和鱼油组中的优势菌科为Muribaculaceae;鱼白组中的优势菌科为毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)。在属水平上,对照组和鱼油组中的优势菌属为Muribaculum;鱼白组中的优势菌为Lachnoclostridium;对照组、鱼油组和鱼白组小鼠的肠道微生物群落中瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)等丰度较高。在种水平上,对照组和鱼油组中的优势菌为Muribaculum intestinale;鱼白组中的优势菌为解糖梭菌(Clostridium saccharolyticum)。研究结果证明鲣鱼鱼油和鱼白可以调节菌群结构和组成,增加肠道有益菌,减少病原菌的丰度等。 相似文献
19.
舟山沿岸渔场甲壳类群落结构特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2015年11月和2016年5月在舟山沿岸渔场开展渔业资源调查所获得的甲壳类资料,应用相对重要性指数、生物多样性指数、多元统计分析等方法,对甲壳类的种类组成、优势种、生物多样性、相似性群落结构特征及其与环境之间的关系等进行了研究。结果表明,该项调查在舟山沿岸渔场共捕获并鉴定出甲壳类42种,其中,蟹类20种,隶属于11科5属;虾类21种,隶属于8科15属;虾蛄类1种,隶属于1科1属。秋季的甲壳类物种数高于春季,且秋季优势种有三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、安氏白虾(Exopalaemon annandalei)以及口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria),而春季则没有明显的优势种出现。生物多样性指数也表现为秋季明显高于春季,且随水深而变化的趋势明显。根据聚类(CLUSTER)分析与非度量多维标度排序(MDS)分析,可将甲壳类划分为4个群落,利用相似性(SIMPER)分析显示群落间相异程度高于相似程度,且秋季的群落相似性高于春季。 相似文献