共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
潮间带是重要的滨海湿地类型之一,在生物多样性保护、全球环境变化等方面具有不可估量的价值。遥感技术已经成为滨海湿地监测的重要手段。针对潮间带遥感监测中存在时相限制的瓶颈问题,本文结合卫星过境时潮位信息,通过建立GIS模型,将利用遥感方法提取出的瞬时水边线校正至平均高、低潮线,改进了通过遥感数据恢复潮间带高程和范围的方法。在此基础上,利用1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年的多期Landsat TM以及OLI遥感数据,对盐城滨海潮间带进行了遥感监测和分析。结果表明:（1）2015年江苏盐城潮间带面积为809.27 km2,相比1995年减小了47%;（2）1995年以来盐城滨海潮间带面积总体呈减小了趋势,其中1995-2000年潮间带面积减小幅度最大,约为205.67 km2;（3）潮间带主要分布在盐城滨海南部晚庄港-新开港,占全部潮间带面积的66%;同时潮间带面积的减小也主要发生在这个区域,减小的潮间带面积占减小总面积的84%;（4）潮间带范围的变化受人为和自然双重因素影响;海平面上升和滨海湿地的大量围垦,造成了潮间带的挤压效应,使得潮间带面积迅速减小,湿地围垦等人为因素起到主导作用。 相似文献
2.
以山东半岛北部为研究区,以烟台、蓬莱、龙口和莱州4个港口的潮情为依据,分别选取1984、1995、2005、2010、2015年的Landsat系列遥感影像,分析了山东半岛北部滩涂(含潮上及潮间带)及海岸线30a来的变化.研究结果表明:(1)研究区近30a来滩涂面积减少300.66 km2,其中潮间带面积减少了84.84 km2,潮上带面积年减少了215.82 km2,减少区域主要集中在莱州湾东南部;(2)海岸线长度呈递增趋势,30a来增加103.68 km,增长速度为3.34 km/a,增加典型区集中在莱州太平湾、龙口人工岛群、蓬莱港和烟台港等区域;(3)通过实地调研发现,盐田、养殖池的大量扩建、海岸侵蚀和入海泥沙量减少是滩涂减少的主要原因;沿海养殖池的增加和填海造陆的扩张是海岸线长度增加的主要原因. 相似文献
3.
4.
To examine the growth dynamics of eelgrass, Zostera marina, in the intertidal zone of Seomjin Estuary, Korea, we surveyed environmental factors such as water temperature, underwater irradiance, tidal exposure, and nutrient concentrations in the water column and sediment pore water in relation to the shoot density, biomass, morphological characteristics, and growth of Z. marina inhabiting the upper and lower intertidal zones. The survey was conducted monthly from January 2003 to December 2004. The water temperature of the two areas displayed seasonal fluctuations. Underwater irradiance was significantly higher in the upper intertidal zone than in the lower intertidal zone. Tidal exposure was also markedly longer in the upper intertidal zone than in the lower intertidal zone, whereas tidal exposure was highest in the spring and lowest in the summer in both areas. Water column NH4 + and sediment pore water NO3 ?+NO2 ? concentrations were significantly higher in the upper intertidal zone than the lower intertidal zone. The eelgrass shoot density, biomass, morphology, and leaf productivity were significantly higher in the lower intertidal zone than in the upper intertidal zone. Both areas displayed a clear seasonal variation depending on changes in water temperature. However, leaf turnover time was significantly shorter in the upper intertidal zone than in the lower intertidal zone, with a higher turnover rate in the upper intertidal zone. Compared to the seagrasses in the lower intertidal zone, those in the upper intertidal zone showed more effective adaptations to the stress of long tidal exposure through downsizing and increased turnover time. These results suggest that tidal exposure, coupled with desiccation stress, can be a limiting factor for seagrass growth in the intertidal zone, along with underwater irradiance, water temperature, and nutrient availability. 相似文献
5.
长江口南汇嘴潮滩短期冲淤演变及其动力机制研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
潮滩地形的冲淤演变规律可以在一定程度上反映动力作用与地貌特征之间的相互耦合机制.根据近几年在长江口南汇嘴潮间带多断面连续观测资料,探讨区域内潮间带滩地的近期冲淤演变特征及其主要影响因子.研究结果表明:(1)南汇嘴潮滩近期主要呈现淤涨态势,而且年内过程季节性差异明显;受区位差异影响,不同观测断面的潮滩冲淤演变呈现特征不尽相同,断面1冲淤变化最为显著,年最大冲淤厚度均在10cm以上;(2)在波浪、潮流的作用下,区域内沉积物很容易被掀动悬扬,而且输沙环流系统的存在有利于悬沙向浅水区输运且在该区域内沉降淤积,从而为潮滩发育提供泥沙来源;(3)受"碧利斯"台风引起的风暴潮天气影响,研究区域内潮滩出现"大冲大淤"现象,即台风强侵蚀期过后滩面高程短期内恢复明显.由此可见,潮滩短期冲淤演变特征是各种动力因素作用下的综合体现. 相似文献
6.
7.
基于RS 和GIS 的近代黄河三角洲滩涂变化分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
黄河携带泥沙入海不断淤积而形成丰富的滩涂是三角洲地区重要的后备土地资源, 掌握滩涂的空间分布及演化特征对合理开发滩涂, 加强滩涂资源的保护和可持续利用, 促进黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展都有重要意义。选取近代黄河三角洲地区1989 年和2000 年landsat TM/ETM+影像, 利用基于专家知识的监督、目视判读分类方法, 提取了两个时期内不同行政区域和不同自然岸段的黄河三角洲滩涂信息。通过土地利用类型转换矩阵分析了滩涂与其他土地利用类型间的相互转化关系, 得出1989～2000 年间, 黄河三角洲中潮位滩涂主要向林草地(15.9%)、海域(12%)、其他用地(7%, 含已围待用地)和养殖、盐田用地(6.3%)等土地利用类型转化; 同时又有36.5%的海域、6.5%的水域和2.5%的林草地转化为滩涂; 而总体上滩涂面积呈减少趋势, 减少面积为246.42 km2。海洋动力作用、黄河断流、人类活动是致使滩涂面积减少的主要因素。 相似文献
8.
Cristian A. Vargas Diego A. Narvez Andrea Piones Roberto M. Venegas Sergio A. Navarrete 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,61(4):603-612
We studied the occurrence of large high frequency temperature fluctuations and their potential association with settlement of intertidal invertebrates during the spring/summer period 1999/2000 at Las Cruces, on the coast of central Chile. Our results showed the existence of internal tidal bores, characterized by sharp drops in water temperature at the surface and near the bottom, and subsequent temperature increases, which occurred with a semidiurnal periodicity. Measured currents support the hypothesis of alternating onshore and offshore movement of warm-water fronts. The frequency of the events varied through the summer and their amplitude seems to be modulated by onshore winds. The strongest events were observed when strong onshore winds occurred in late afternoon hours and the entire water column showed a semidiurnal temperature signal. Highest values of chlorophyll concentration in the intertidal zone and daily settlement of bivalves, gastropods and crustaceans were observed at times when conditions were favorable for occurrence of internal tidal bores. Results suggest that internal tidal bore warm fronts could play an important role in the transport of neustonic larval invertebrates and the delivery of phytoplankton to at least some intertidal sites along the coast of Chile. 相似文献
9.
Claudia Bas Juan P. Lancia Tomás Luppi Agustina Méndez‐Casariego Marcelo Kittlein Eduardo Spivak 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(3):319-331
The relationship between diet and feeding activity of intertidal crabs, and environmental cycles (tidal, daily and seasonal), habitat and level of the intertidal zone (high/low) was studied using Neohelice granulata (Brachyura, Varunidae) as a model. This is a semi‐terrestrial burrowing crab occupying different habitats in the Southwestern Atlantic coasts and estuaries from bare low intertidal mudflats to high intertidal salt marshes, and from fine, organic matter rich sediment to very coarse sediment with low content of organic matter. The study was carried out in two contrasting habitats of three sites with diverse sets of physical and biological conditions. Diet and feeding of adult N. granulata were indirectly studied through the proportion of food items and the presence/absence of food in crab stomachs, respectively. This species has a dual mode of feeding: predominantly herbivorous (live plants or plant litter in salt marshes) or deposit feeder (superficial sediment and detritus in mudflats), but the quantity and quality of ingested food varies among habitats and sites. A trend to omnivory (including algae and conspecifics) was detected in relation to low quality of resources. Feeding activity modulated by a complex interaction of factors varied according to spatial and/or temporal changes in some natural cycles. Males and non‐ovigerous females fed preferably after dark and during submersion periods, but also after emersion periods if mudflat sediment remained wet; salt marsh crab feeding is somewhat independent of light and tidal cycles. Ovigerous females almost never fed. Both diet and feeding activity of this crab seem to be flexible traits adapted to different combinations of physical and biological factors. 相似文献
10.
潮滩地形是合理开发利用潮间带滩涂最重要的指标之一。滩涂水边线测量法是目前公认的具有可操作性的滩涂地形遥感测量方法。本文以水边线测量方法为基础,提出一种基于水位测站基线的潮滩地形遥感遥测构建方法。以江苏沿海大面积潮滩为研究区,将该区域自建的4座水位测站的连线作为水位测站基线,结合不同潮情下采集的遥感影像提取的滩涂水边线数据,通过水位测站基线计算滩涂水边线高程,从而构建出辐射沙脊群潮滩地形。采用实测地形数据进行检验,结果表明:构建的DEM能够反应当前潮滩的基本形态,平面精度达30 m,垂直精度达20 cm。 相似文献
11.
12.
This paper builds on the work of Masselink [Masselink, G., 1993. Simulating the effects of tides on beach morphodynamics. J. Coast. Res. SI 15, 180–197.] on the use of the residence times of shoaling waves, breaking waves and swash/backwash motions across a cross-shore profile to qualitatively understand temporal beach behaviour. We use a data set of in-situ measurements of wave parameters (height and period) and water depth, and time-exposure video images overlooking our single-barred intertidal measurement array at Egmond aan Zee (Netherlands) to derive boundaries between the shoaling zone, the surf zone and the swash zone. We find that the boundaries are functional dependencies of the local relative wave height on the local wave steepness. This contrasts with the use of constant relative wave heights or water levels in earlier work. We use the obtained boundaries and a standard cross-shore wave transformation model coupled to an inner surf zone bore model to show that large (> 5) relative tide ranges (RTR, defined as the ratio tide range–wave height) indicate shoaling wave processes across almost the entire intertidal profile, with surf processes dominating on the beach face. When the RTR is between 2 and 5, surf processes dominate over the intertidal bar and the lower part of the beach face, while swash has the largest residence times on the upper beach face. Such conditions, associated with surf zone bores propagating across the bar around low tide, were observed to cause the intertidal bar to migrate onshore slowly and the upper beach face to steepen. For RTR values less than about 2, surf zone processes dominate across the intertidal bar, while the dominance of swash processes now extends across most of the beach face. The surf zone processes were now observed to lead to offshore bar migration, while the swash eroded the upper beach face. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Sea Research》2002,47(1):25-39
In different parts of the Dutch Wadden Sea, relationships between intertidal level and abundance of marine macrozoobenthos were similar. Numerical densities, biomass and species richness increased from values close to 0 at the high-water level to maximum values around mean-tide level (numbers) or halfway between this level and low-tide level (biomass). Species richness hardly declined below mean-tide level, whereas mean weight per individual continued to increase from high- to low-water level.Biomass was about 45 g ash-free dry weight per m2 at its maximum and declined in an approximately linear way to values close to 0 at the high-water level and to about 7 g per m2 at the low-water level. These two linear relationships were used to predict biomass changes on intertidal flats of the Wadden Sea at various scenarios of sea-level rise and bottom subsidence. Net sea-level rise is expected to result in increased amounts of intertidal zoobenthos in areas with predominantly high tidal flats, but in declines in lower areas. However, such changes will occur only if sea-level rise proceeds too fast to be compensated by extra sedimentation. Bottom subsidence as a consequence of gas extraction is expected to be too small to cause any measurable change in the benthic fauna. 相似文献
14.
The effect of a tidal cycle on the dynamics of nutrients in a tidal estuary in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Shigeru Montani Paolo Magni Megumi Shimamoto Nao Abe Koichi Okutani 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(1):65-76
A 24 hour time series survey was carried out during a spring tide (tidal range ca.2 m) of May 1995 on a tidal estuary in the
Seto Inland Sea, Japan, in the context of an integrated program planned to quantify the dynamics of biophilic elements (carbon,
nitrogen and phosphorus) and the roles played by the macrobenthos on the processes. Three stations were set along a transect
line of about 1.4 km, which linked the river to the rear to the innermost part of the subtidal zone. Every hour, at each station,
measurements were made of surface water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration, and surface water was collected
for the determination of nutrients [NH4
+−N, (NO3
−+NO2
−)−N, PO4
3−−P and Si (OH)4−Si]. During the ebb flow, riverine input of silicate and nitrate+nitrite significantly increased the concentrations of both
the intertidal and the subtidal stations. Conversely, during the high tide, river nutrient concentrations were lowered by
the mixing of fresh water with sea water. As a result, best (inverse) correlations were found at the river station for salinity
against silicate (y=-2.9 Sal.+110.7,r
2=0.879) and nitrate+nitrite (y=-1.3 Sal.+48.4,r
2=0.796). In contrast, ammonium nitrogen concentrations were higher at intermediate salinities. Indeed, no significant correlation
was found between salinity and ammonium. The effect of the macrobenthos, which is abundant on the intertidal flat, is discussed
as a biological component that influences the processes of nutrient regeneration within the estuary. The effect of the tidal
amplitude is an important one in determining the extent of the variations in nutrient concentrations at all three stations,
which were stronger between the lower low tide and the higher high tide. 相似文献
15.
In order to determine the temporal and spatial variations of nutrient profiles in the shallow pore water columns (upper 30
cm depth) of intertidal sandflats, we measured the salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water and seawater at various
coastal environments along the southern coast of Korea. In the intertidal zone, salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore
water showed marked vertical changes with depth, owing to the active exchange between the pore water and overlying seawater,
while they are temporally more stable and vertically constant in the sublittoral zone. In some cases, the advective flow of
fresh groundwater caused strong vertical gradients of salinity and nutrients in the upper 10 cm depth of surface sediments,
indicating the active mixing of the fresher groundwater with overlying seawater. Such upper pore water column profiles clearly
signified the temporal fluctuation of lower-salinity and higher-Si seawater intrusion into pore water in an intertidal sandflat
near the mouth of an estuary. We also observed a semimonthly fluctuation of pore water nutrients due to spring-neap tide associated
recirculation of seawater through the upper sediments. Our study shows that the exchange of water and nutrients between shallow
pore water and overlying seawater is most active in the upper 20 cm layer of intertidal sandflats, due to physical forces
such as tides, wave set-up, and density-thermal gradient. 相似文献
16.
水边线法是潮间带地形遥感反演的重要方法。针对常规水边线方法在应用于地形多变的岸外沙洲潮间带数字高程模型（DEM）构建中出现的水边线交叉和缺乏表现潮沟微地形特征的问题,本文提出了一种增强型地形遥感构建方法:首先通过潮位排序,筛选出具有正确高程变化趋势、空间分离的水边线;然后对筛选过程中水边线位置相近的影像组按像元计算改进的归一化差值水体指数并进行均值序列合成,提取出合成海陆边界线,二者共同构建出初始的潮间带DEM;进一步利用低潮期的潮沟边界线和中线生成潮沟DEM,通过潮沟镶嵌处理,最终获得可表达滩面微地形起伏的潮滩DEM。该方法在江苏岸外辐射沙洲中部核心区域的模拟应用表明,对比4条验证剖面的平均结果,高程平均绝对误差为0.43 m,均方根误差为0.54 m,相关系数（r）为0.75,模拟高程与验证高程在剖面起伏形态变化方面具有良好的一致性,同时模拟DEM的空间破碎度小,能够反映更多的细节地形特征。该方法可为利用多源遥感数据构建考虑微地形变化的高精度潮间带地形DEM提供新的思路。 相似文献
17.
本文报道了1986年7月至1988年10月在浙江北部中街山列岛潮间带进行的海藻定点定量调查结果,已鉴定底栖海藻94种。海藻组成以亚热带性与暖温带性种类占优势。区系性质与台湾暖流对本区的影响有关。底栖海藻的种类组成、垂直分布及生物量均存在明显的季节变化。本文对海藻生长的时空变化与某些环境因子间的关系作了分析探讨。 相似文献
18.
为评估滨海滩涂开发利用对生态环境和水资源利用的影响,提出了滩涂开发利用特征遥感分析方法。该方法基于Landsat遥感影像,先利用阈值分割与目视解译相结合的方式解译人工岸线,再定位滩涂开发利用区并对其土地利用进行分类识别,然后通过人工岸线和土地利用的时空变化,分析揭示滩涂开发利用特征。采用2002—2018年五个时期Landsat遥感影像,利用该方法分析了天津市滨海新区滩涂开发利用的时空演变特征。结果表明该方法不受潮位影响,能够科学准确地反映滩涂开发利用特征。截至2018年,滨海新区人工岸线由2002年的146.22 km增加至315.69 km,增加了115.9%;累计围填海350.76 km~2,为滨海新区增加了15.5%的土地资源;滩涂开发利用区新增的建设用地面积为63.43 km~2,超过滨海新区新增建筑面积的20%;陆地区域未利用土地面积仅3.58 km~2,而滩涂开发区内尚未利用的土地为228.05 km~2,为未来发展提供了重要的后备土地资源。时间上,滩涂开发利用从2002年起步,2006—2014年扩展速度最快,此后明显回落,主要集中于2006—2014年;在空间上则以天津港与南港工业区附近为主。 相似文献
19.
《Oceanologica Acta》1999,22(3):291-302
The time-course evolution of ammonium concentration has been examined in the flood water during the first 25 min of tidal inundation. The way this transport fluctuates with the tidal ranges and wind conditions was investigated. Flood water was collected at three sites, located along a transect from the lower to the upper intertidal area of the Tagus estuary. At spring and intermediate tides, the periods of air exposure vary slightly along the transect due to the high tidal amplitude and the flatness of the area, but the upper site remains uncovered at neap tide over the entire tidal cycle. At each site, sampling was performed at different tidal ranges covering the neap-spring tidal cycle and wind conditions. Ammonium was determined in the flood water at short time intervals: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min. A clear pattern was observed along the transect: considerable quantities of ammonium were exported from the sediment to the water column at the beginning of the inundation, ranging from 0.2 to 4.8 mmol m−2 d−1. The highest transport was recorded at the lower intertidal site under spring tide conditions, which corresponds to the higher energetic situation and shorter emersion period. The lowest transport was observed at the upper intertidal site during the first inundation that followed three days of neap tide and continuous exposure of the sediment to the air. The value rates (0.2–4.8 mmol m−2 d−1) were one order of magnitude higher than those calculated from molecular diffusion (0.07 – 0.16 mmol m−2 d−1). This study points to the importance of the tidal flushing of ammonium from the intertidal sediments, and its spatial and tidal fluctuation. 相似文献
20.
三都湾互花米草的遥感监测 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文尝试通过分析滩涂上外来入侵植物群落的植物学和生态学特征,就闽东宁德地区三都湾海域的互花米草生长与变化状况,探讨如何实现利用遥感数据快速监测滩涂上的外来入侵植物的方法,为生物入侵监控工作提供决策依据.研究表明以缨帽变换的方法处理LandsatETM 和TM多光谱数据所获得的土壤视面和植被视面为基础,进行分层次分类可监测滩涂上互花米草的生长与分布扩展状况. 相似文献