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1.
2012年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)对滦河口-洋河口海域潮间带大型底栖动物群落及环境质量进行分析。结果表明:春季调查共鉴定大型底栖动物36种,种类组成以软体动物和多毛类为主;夏季调查共鉴定大型底栖动物22种,种类组成以软体动物和节肢动物为主。夏季大型底栖动物丰度和生物量明显低于春季。春季丰度和生物量皆以软体动物最高;夏季丰度以多毛类最高,生物量以节肢动物最高。滦河口-洋河口海域潮间带大型底栖动物物种数、丰度和生物量从高潮带向低潮带不断增高。采用大型底栖动物污染指数MPI和AMBI指数对调查海域潮间带大型底栖动物生态环境质量进行评价分析时,发现滦河口-洋河口海域潮间带生态环境质量总体处于良好状态,但MPI评价法和AMBI指数法对滦河口-洋河口海域潮间带生态环境质量分级结果存在差异。两种评价方法在生态环境状况分级评价中皆存在一定偏差,还需相互校准,并通过环境压力的梯度数据进行对比分析。 相似文献
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依据国家海洋环境监测中心2009~2013年测得的数据和资料,对河北昌黎生态监控区潮间带生物的种类组成、栖息密度、生物量、优势种以及多样性指数进行统计运算,分析该监控区5年时间尺度的潮间带生物多样性变化趋势。结果表明:监控区共鉴定出潮间带生物5门,包括节肢动物、环节动物、软体动物、棘皮动物和脊索动物,共17科,26种,类型较少,年际种数呈逐年下降趋势;栖息密度与生物量较低,保持低潮带中潮带高潮带的特征;优势种群变化显著,节肢动物、环节动物和软体动物交替出现,优势种数逐年减少,优势度上升,对其他物种抑制作用增强;均匀度指数(J)呈微上升趋势,变化范围为0.64~0.81,状况良好,物种多样性指数(H′)和丰富度指数(dMa)水平较低,分别为0.81~3.23和0.48~3.96,生物多样性水平呈下降态势。 相似文献
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为研究昌黎生态监控区典型生态系统2013-2017年夏季潮间带生物的多样性,基于调查区两个航次5个断面的潮间带生物监测数据,对多样性指数、密度、均匀度、优势度等进行评价分析。结果表明:2013-2017年夏季共鉴定潮间带生物28种,各年份依次分别为2种、11种、4种、5种、6种。5年潮间带生物总的生物密度分别为8个/m~2、45个/m~2、328个/m~2、23个/m~2和124个/m~2,由此种类组成和生物密度变化趋势均波动很大。2013-2017年多样性指数(H’)分别为0.81、2.73、2.95、1.56、1.81;均匀度指数(J)分别为0.81、0.79、0.82、0.67、0.70;丰富度指数(d)分别为0.33、1.82、1.73、0.59、1.01,2015年三项指标明显分别是最高年份。以优势度指数Y0.04确定潮间带优势种类,优势种共15种。 相似文献
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六横大岙附近海域环境质量现状评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据１９９５年４月对码头工程区附近海域的水质和沉积物的环境质量现场调查,采用环境质量指数法,评价了该海区水质和沉积物的环境质量状况。结果表明,水质中无机氮严重超标,超三类标准的超标率达１００％。无机磷超一类标准的超标率达１００％,有个别测站超二类标准。ＣＯＤ、ｐＨ、ＤＯ、油类均低于一类海水标准。潮间带水质基本符合一类水质要求。底质环境质量现状良好 相似文献
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北黄海长山群岛海域环境现状评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据１９８９年７月至１９９０年５月北黄海长山群岛海区四个航次（春、夏、秋、冬）水质及底质１４０００余个数据的分析测试结果，探讨了测区水质、底质各要素分布特征，并对其环境质量现状作了初步评价。结果表明，调查区环境质量良好，南部海域环境优于北部。 相似文献
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胶州湾女姑口潮间带大型底栖动物群落生态学研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
根据2003年8月至2004年5月间夏、秋、冬、春4个季度月,对位于胶州湾内女姑口潮间带的高潮带、中潮带和低潮带所设的3个站进行的大型底栖动物生态调查并分析所获得的资料,采用Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)、物种丰富度指数(D)和物种均匀度指数(J)以及Jaccard的群落种类相似性指数Ja分析该潮间带不同潮区大型底栖动物的物种多样性和群落种类组成的相似程度。结果表明,本次调查共采到大型底栖动物57种,其中软体动物24种,占42.11%;甲壳动物和多毛类各15种,占26.32%;鱼类2种,占3.51%;螠虫1种;女姑口潮间带高、中和低潮区生物种类和生物组成均差别较大,两两群落相似性系数也比较低;3个多样性指数H′,D,J的值大小顺序为低潮区>中潮区>高潮区;女姑口潮间带物种多样性指数季节性变化明显,H′和J为春季最高、冬季最低;D为秋季最高、春季最低。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(4)
对天津北部近岸贝类增养殖区的潜在生态风险进行评价,分析了2012-2013年该区域多介质(水体、沉积物及贝类)中重金属的含量。本研究采用的评价方法为单因子评价法及Hakanson提出的潜在生态危害指数法。评价结果表明,本海域海水中重金属均符合《海水水质标准》二类标准;沉积物中重金属均符合《沉积物标准》一类标准;2012-2013年的潜在危害指数均为轻微水平;2012-2013年生物体中重金属含量均有不同程度的超标,2013年贝类生物中重金属含量较2012年明显降低。综合各项评价结果,尽管天津北部近岸海水增养殖区环境质量综合指数满足功能要求,但应该重视该海域环境质量现状,采取有效措施对环境进行改善。 相似文献
10.
山东半岛宁津沿岸潮间带大型底栖动物生态学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2009年11月至2010年8月4个季度(秋、冬、春、夏)对宁津沿岸潮间带2个断面的高潮带(SC1H与SC2H)、中潮带(SC1M与SC2M)和低潮带(SC1L与SC2L)所设6个站位的大型底栖动物生态调查资料,采用种属组成、优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度度指数等方法,分析了调查区域内大型底栖动物的生态特征和季节变化。结果表明:宁津沿岸潮间带共采集到大型底栖动物45种,其中甲壳动物为优势类群,共计20种;软体动物14种,环节动物多毛类9种,其他类动物2种。优势种组成方面,甲壳动物钩虾类是4个季度的绝对优势种。调查区域大型底栖动物的年平均生物量为45.09 g/m2;最高生物量出现在秋季,最低出现在春季;空间分布上,除春季外其他三个季度的生物量变化趋势均为中潮带低潮带高潮带。年平均丰度为182.67个/m2;最高丰度出现在夏季,最低出现在冬季。宁津沿岸潮间带大型底栖动物的年平均物种多样性指数H′为1.09,季节变化趋势为冬季秋季夏季春季,空间分布趋势为低潮带中潮带高潮带。与邻近潮间带文献资料相比,调查区域的大型底栖动物在物种数量、生物量和丰度、物种多样性方面均处于低值水平。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献