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根据实测水文泥沙资料,利用悬浮泥沙沉降公式、泥沙起动流速公式、再悬浮通量与沉降通量公式以及通量机制分解方法,分析了庙岛海峡周边海域的悬浮泥沙时空分布和变化特征,计算了再悬浮通量、沉降通量、单宽悬浮泥沙输运量,探讨了表层沉积物再悬浮和悬浮泥沙运移特征及动力机制。结果表明,悬浮泥沙浓度周期变化与潮流流速周期变化具有较好的相关性,底层悬沙浓度变化对高流速的响应比较明显,表层悬沙浓度变化对低流速响应比较明显;悬浮泥沙单颗粒沉降现象不明显,除庙岛海峡外其他海域较适合悬浮泥沙絮凝沉降,并以中、底层絮凝沉降为主,且表现出自表层至底层絮凝沉降作用逐渐加强趋势;表层沉积物再悬浮对近岸浅水区、庙岛群岛周边海域水体悬浮泥沙浓度的影响显著于其他海域;悬浮泥沙输运整体以平流输运为主,垂向净环流为辅,庙岛海峡南侧向黄海输沙、北侧向渤海输沙,二者同时进行,悬浮泥沙净输运主要由水道向两侧浅滩。 相似文献
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基于2020年10月日照近岸海域大潮期水文泥沙观测资料,研究了海流和悬浮泥沙时空分布特征,利用单宽通量机制分解等方法,探讨了悬浮泥沙输运机制和控制因素。结果表明,日照近岸海域悬浮泥沙浓度平面上呈由岸向海逐渐降低的分布特征,垂向上呈由表层至底层逐渐升高的趋势。悬浮泥沙浓度变化与潮周期流速变化趋势总体一致,但具有滞后效应。研究区单宽净输沙率为4.72～24.68 g/(s·m),近岸单宽净输沙率明显大于远岸输沙率。悬浮泥沙输运以平流输运为主,其次为潮泵效应或垂向净环流输运。研究区水体垂向混合均匀,对悬浮泥沙垂向分布影响微弱。潮流引起研究区悬浮泥沙浓度的潮周期变化,南黄海西部近海悬浮泥沙净输运方向和潮余流方向大体相同,在远岸开阔海域总体呈向南的净输运趋势。研究成果有利于完善南黄海西部近海泥沙输运规律理论成果,对日照近岸工程建设具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2017,(12)
水体中悬浮泥沙浓度的变化过程是泥沙运动的重要表现形式,客观反映了不同的水动力环境。根据蓬莱近岸海流、悬浮泥沙等实测资料,分析了研究区悬浮泥沙浓度时空分布特征和变化规律,并初步探讨了悬浮泥沙浓度变化对潮流的响应。研究结果表明,时间上,研究区平均含沙量落潮段大于涨潮段,大潮期大于小潮期;不同层位悬浮泥沙浓度随时间的周期性波动大潮期强于小潮期,悬浮泥沙浓度时间周期变化的9~16h尺度在研究区具有全域性。空间上,研究区各层平均悬浮泥沙浓度由表层至底层递增,悬浮泥沙浓度垂向梯度变化大潮期群岛区最小,海峡区最大,小潮期西部区最小,东部区最大,悬浮泥沙浓度的垂向分布类型以指数型、斜线型为主;潮周期平均悬浮泥沙浓度群岛区最大,海峡区次之,西部区最小;悬浮泥沙浓度潮周期变化与该海域潮流流速周期变化具有较好的相关性,潮流流速超过40cm/s时,发生明显的再悬浮现象。 相似文献
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根据庙岛海峡附近海域6个站位的大潮和小潮期海流资料和悬浮泥沙浓度等实测资料,分析了庙岛海峡附近海域悬浮泥沙时空分布及变化规律,并初步探讨了潮流对悬浮泥沙浓度的影响。结果表明,在水平方向上,庙岛海峡处悬浮泥沙浓度较大,周边深水区浓度较小;在垂向上,悬浮泥沙浓度呈现从表层至底层逐渐增加的规律。在时间序列上,研究区悬浮泥沙浓度大潮期较大,小潮期较小;悬浮泥沙浓度随时间呈现明显的周期性变化,大潮期悬浮泥沙浓度变化周期主要集中在6~8h,小潮期各站均存在4~6h和6~8h两类尺度变化周期。悬浮泥沙浓度随着潮流流速的增大而增加,但是悬浮泥沙浓度的最大值较流速峰值存在1~2h的滞后;由于再悬浮作用、水体层化和表中层落淤的原因,悬浮泥沙浓度对流速的响应表现为底层对高流速的响应比较明显,表层对低流速的响应比较明显。 相似文献
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基于2014年12月在福宁湾附近海域8个站位的同步水文泥沙观测资料,分析了冬季大潮期悬浮泥沙分布以及输运通量的变化规律,并结合理查森数、水体混合所需的势能、潮动力引起的水体势能变化率的计算结果,初步探讨了水体的垂向混合对于悬浮泥沙垂向分布的影响,研究了悬浮泥沙的输运机制。结果表明,从湾内到湾外,温度、盐度总体上呈现递增的趋势;平面上各站位悬浮泥沙浓度由湾内向湾外递减;潮周期内悬浮泥沙浓度变化存在不对称性,总体来说,湾内及湾口处(1#站除外)涨潮阶段悬浮泥沙浓度高,湾外(4#站除外)落潮阶段悬浮泥沙浓度较高。从湾内向湾外,随着水深的增加潮周期内水体的垂向混合逐渐减弱,悬沙浓度的垂向差异逐渐增大。悬浮泥沙输运在湾内及湾口整体表现为向陆输运,在湾外为向海输运。在湾内及湾口处,各分层悬浮泥沙的输运方向大多向陆,且量值较高,而湾外的悬浮泥沙输运方向在垂向上存在差异。由于潮流不对称以及悬浮泥沙的滞后效应引起的潮泵项输运对总的悬浮泥沙通量起主要贡献。 相似文献
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根据龙口湾海域海流、悬浮泥沙等实测资料,利用Morlet小波分析与单宽悬沙通量机制分解法,分析了研究区悬浮泥沙浓度时空分布特征和变化规律,并探讨了悬浮泥沙的输运机制。研究结果表明,平面分布上,研究区的悬浮泥沙分布呈现人工岛外悬沙浓度大于岛内水道海域的分布特征;垂向上,各站位平均含沙量由底层向表层逐层递减,特征明显。悬浮泥沙浓度在潮周期的变化较为复杂,各站位悬浮泥沙浓度在单日内一般出现2～4次峰值;悬浮泥沙浓度峰值往往滞后于流速峰值0.5～2 h;悬浮泥沙浓度在时间上的变化以12～16 h尺度为主要周期。研究区单宽输沙通量主要介于2.64～24.68 gs~(-1)m~(-1);整体上呈现人工岛外海域悬沙通量高于人工岛内的平面分布格局。悬浮泥沙输运方向与潮致余流方向基本一致;受余流、地形、悬沙浓度等影响,各个输沙分项对输沙率的贡献相差较大,平流输运在悬沙输移中占绝对优势,其次为垂向净环流输沙。 相似文献
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根据2006年10月在崇明东滩潮间带和潮下带两个站位的大小潮水文泥沙观测资料和悬沙水样的室内粒度分析资料,对悬沙粒径的时空分布特征及其与流速等的关系进行了分析,并对再悬浮特点进行了探讨,结果表明,大小潮期间的悬沙颗粒组成较细,平均粒径的均值仅为6μm;大潮时的悬沙粒径略粗于小潮的,潮间带的略粗于潮下带的;由底床向上悬沙粒径趋于减小。悬沙粒径与流速、悬沙含量无明显的统计学关系,底质粒径、再悬浮强度和再悬浮泥沙粒径的空间变化以及浮泥的悬浮作用等是主要的影响因素。由于底质粒径的空间分布复杂,在东滩水域再悬浮具有明显的空间变化。在底质平均粒径大于60μm的粗颗粒沉积区,大小潮的再悬浮作用微小,底质以推移质运动为主。在底质平均粒径介于5~11μm的细颗粒沉积区上,悬沙级配与底质级配基本相同,该区域是再悬浮的主要发生源地;悬沙级配的变化过程揭示,再悬浮对底层悬沙的贡献率平均为8%~20%,大潮时的再悬浮强度是小潮的5~10倍,由底质再悬浮产生的悬沙在底部水层中的平均含量约为0.03~0.47 kg/m3。 相似文献
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长江口最大浑浊带是陆海交汇的核心区域,其航槽是扼海-河联运的咽喉,悬沙峰的涨落潮周期变化深刻影响航槽的稳定性。本文利用长江口南槽上、中、下段3个站点枯季小潮和大潮的流速、盐度、悬沙平均粒径和悬沙浓度的实测资料,分析最大浑浊带悬沙峰特征及其动力机制。发现:流速和滩槽交换增强导致大潮平均悬沙浓度比小潮增加了0.78—1.97倍,絮凝也导致憩流底层悬沙浓度增加8%左右,但流速和絮凝与悬沙浓度的关系均非线性。大小潮盐度梯度与底层悬沙浓度关系呈现高线性相关关系,表明盐度梯度强化或突变是泥沙再悬浮形成悬沙峰的主要动力。 相似文献
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由于大范围同步连续观测海流流速很困难,这才产生建立一定的理论及方法认真计算海流流速的要求.可是,过去沿用至今的动力计算[1],方法虽简便,但只能计算因密度分布所生的梯度流(或地转流),且存在着既不考虑风力,又不顾及湍流摩擦力,再加无运动面难以确定,即令设法作出浅海订正,其结果又往往与事实不符等根本性缺陷;而如籍Ekman漂流理论计算海流,又仅能计算因风所生的漂流,且还存在着既不考虑海水密度分布,又视海面无倾斜,再加湍流动力粘滞系量难以确定等与实际相差较远的理论依据.近代兴起的一些海流数值计算,又往往都局限于全流或深度平均流速的计算.因此,建立一种既考虑到海洋内部海水分布,又考虑到海面风力外加海面大气压力作用,顾及到海洋中湍流摩擦力,又体现流速随深度变化,而更重要的是应用起来简易的计算海流流速的理论及方法,便成为很需要解决的问题了. 相似文献
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Correction method for full-depth current velocity with lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A new method is presented to process and correct full-depth current velocity data obtained from a lowered acoustic Doppler
current profiler (LADCP). The analysis shows that, except near the surface, the echo intensity of a reflected sound pulse
is closely correlated with the magnitude of the difference in vertical shear of velocity between downcast and upcast, indicating
an error in velocity shear. The present method features the use of echo intensity for the correction of velocity shear. The
correction values are determined as to fit LADCP velocity to shipboard ADCP (SADCP) and LADCP bottom-tracked velocities. The
method is as follows. Initially, a profile of velocity relative to the sea surface is obtained by integrating vertical shears
of velocity after low-quality data are rejected. Second, the relative velocity is fitted to the velocity at 100–800 dbar measured
by SADCP to obtain an “absolute” velocity profile. Third, the velocity shear is corrected using the relationship between the
errors in velocity shears and echo intensity, in order to adjust the velocity at sea bottom to the bottom-tracked velocity
measured by LADCP. Finally, the velocity profile is obtained from the SADCP-fitted velocity at depths less than 800 dbar and
the corrected velocity shear at depths greater than 800 dbar. This method is valid for a full-depth LADCP cast throughout
which the echo intensity is relatively high (greater than 75 dB in the present analysis). Although the processed velocity
may include errors of 1–2 cm s−1, this method produced qualitatively good current structures in the Northeast Pacific Basin that were consistent with the
deep current structures inferred from silicate distribution, and the averaged velocities were significantly different from
those calculated by the Visbeck (2002) method. 相似文献
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由于卫星高度计数据分辨率高、观测范围广的特点，我们使用该数据开展了黑潮流的研究。在之前的研究中，卫星绝对地转流都被用于对黑潮流域的表层流场的时空变化特征进行研究，并采用了一些探测方法提取了黑潮流轴和流路。然而，海面绝对地转流是由绝对动力地形估计得到，应该被当做实际流场的地转分量，在实际应用中并不能代表真实流场。在本研究中，建立了气候态绝对地转流与网格平均的漂流浮标流场间的数学校验关系，以此对卫星绝对地转流场进行修正，即便这两种数据的性质存在些许偏差。因此，基于主成分探测法，修正后的卫星绝对地转流被用于探测黑潮流轴和流路。对比结果表明，由修正后的卫星地转流场探测得到的黑潮流轴和流路均要好于地转流和表层流估计结果。修正后的地转流有助于开展更加准确的黑潮流轴和流路的逐日探测。 相似文献
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A simple numerical model, based on the Reynolds stress equations and k–ε turbulence closure scheme, is developed for the coastal wave and current bottom boundary layer. The current friction velocity is introduced to account for the effect of currents on waves. The implicit Crank–Nicolson finite difference method discretizes the governing equations. Vertical changing step grids with the constant ratio for two adjacent spatial steps are used together with the equal time steps in the modeling. Vertical profiles of mean current velocity and wave velocity amplitude are obtained. These modeled results are compared with the laboratory experimental data of Van Doorn [1981. Experimental investigation of near bottom velocities in water waves with and without a current. Report M1423, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Delft, The Netherlands; 1982. Experimenteel onderzoek naar het snelheidsveld in de turbulente bodemgrenslaag in een oscillerende stroming in een golftunnel. Report M1562, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Delft, The Netherlands]. It has been shown that modeled and observed (Van Doorn, T., 1981. Experimental investigation of near bottom velocities in water waves with and without a current. Report M1423, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Delft, The Netherlands; 1982. Experimenteel onderzoek naar het snelheidsveld in de turbulente bodemgrenslaag in een oscillerende stroming in een golftunnel. Report M1562, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Delft, The Netherlands) mean velocity profiles within the wave and current bottom boundary layer are in better agreement than outside. Modeled and observed (Van Doorn, T., 1981. Experimental investigation of near bottom velocities in water waves with and without a current. Report M1423, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Delft, The Netherlands) wave velocity amplitude profiles within the wave and current bottom boundary layer are in better agreement than outside. Modeled wave velocity amplitudes are in good agreement with the laboratory experimental data of Van Doorn [1982. Experimenteel onderzoek naar het snelheidsveld in de turbulente bodemgrenslaag in een oscillerende stroming in een golftunnel. Report M1562, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Delft, The Netherlands]. 相似文献
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Settling velocity is a fundamental parameter in sediment transport dynamics.For uniform Par-ticles,there are abundant formulas for calculation of their settling velocities.But in natural fields,sedi-ment consists of non-uniform particles.The interaction among particles is complex and should not be neg-lected.In this paper,based on the analysis of settling mechanism of non-cohesive and non-uniform parti-cles,a theoretical model to describe settling mechanism is proposed.Besides suspension concentration andupward turbulent flow caused by other particles,collision among particles is another main factor influ-encing settling velocity.By introducing the collision theory,equations of fall velocity before collision,colli-sion probability,and fall velocity after collision are established.Finally,a formula used to calculate the set-tling velocity of non-cohesive particles with wide grain gradation is presented,which agrees well with theexperimental data. 相似文献
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A spread of warm water from the first crest of the Kuroshio Extension is periodically enhanced by northward warm water intrusions from the main current. The water type in the spread area was previously found to be the same as that in the Kuroshio front at depth. In looking for the possible mechanism responsible for the northward warm water intrusions, a dynamic analysis in the Kuroshio front was carried out by using CTD, ADCP, AVHRR and ARGOS buoy data, obtained in 1996 by the R.V. Hakuho Maru. Downstream, cross-stream and vertical velocities in the Kuroshio Extension were found by using a "stream coordinate system". The velocity field in the Kuroshio front at the first crest showed a double structure with two surface velocity maxima. In the inner part of the front, relatively high cross-stream (northward) and vertical (upward) velocities were found. Thus, this study suggests that while water particles flow downstream along the first stationary meander of the Kuroshio Extension, they also experience lateral and vertical movements which allow the deeper water from an upstream location to rise to the surface layer, and in certain locations to deflect northward. By assuming isopycnal movement and conservation of potential vorticity, it was found that in those locations where anticyclonic curvature of the meander increases, warm water is more likely to deflect northward. High ageostrophic components observed in the first 300 m of the water column are probably related to the relatively high cross-stream and vertical velocities in the inner part of the front. 相似文献
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We present the results of numerical modeling of the influence of water exchange through the Kerch Strait on the stationary
motions in the Azov Sea. We use a three-dimensional nonlinear numerical model to perform the analysis of extreme deviations
of the sea level and the surface and deep-water currents depending on the direction and velocity of constant wind with and
without regard for the water exchange through the strait. It is shown that the influence of water exchange with the Black
Sea leads to the increase in the maximum deviations of the sea level and the velocities of stationary currents. Thus, in particular,
it is shown that, for a wind velocity of 10 m/sec, the maximum values of the surge and current velocities in the presence
of the strait are higher than in the absence of the strait by 36 and 42%, respectively. In this case, the highest current
velocities are induced by the south wind. 相似文献