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1.
1 INTRoDUcTIONThe study results from Nov. 1986 to Aug. 1990 in sea area (ll5"E - 165"E, 20"N -l0"S) during TOGA experiments, indicated that there were outstanding responses of differenceof partial pressure of CO, between sea and air (APCO,) and total dissolved concentrationof CO, (TCO,) to El Nino and La Nina in NW region of the Western Tropical Pacific,including the cruise lines from ll4ofy 22"N to l30"E, l8"N and that from l8"N to 8"N,along l30"E. The characteristics of dis… 相似文献
2.
High-frequency atmospheric variability over South China Sea as depicted by TRMM and QuikSCAT 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
By using the TRMM and QuikSCAT datathe characteristics of the 2–8 day high frequency atmospheric variability over the South China Sea are studied in this paper.It’s found that: (1) the 2–8 day high frequency signals are significant not only during the periods of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon (SCSSM),but also after the retreat of the SCSSM.It reaches its peak around July to August;(2) the 2–8 day high frequency signals exhibit strong intermittent features;(3) During El Nino years,the 2–8 day high freque... 相似文献
3.
上升流是海洋中最重要的海洋现象之一,通过ROMS数值模型模拟并研究了2000—2013年间琼东上升流对ENSO信号(2002和2009年作为典型El Nio年; 2008和2010年作为典型La Nia年)的响应。结果表明,琼东上升流对ENSO气候事件有明显的响应。在El Nio信号较强时琼东上升流减弱,近岸海域水温升高;而在La Nia信号较强时琼东上升流加强,沿岸海域水温降低。对海面风场以及琼东海域沿岸流的分析表明,ENSO信号通过局地海面风场以及沿岸流对琼东上升流产生影响,并且风和沿岸流对琼东上升流的影响是协同的,在El Nio期间均不利于上升流的发展,而在La Nia期间二者的变化均有助于上升流的强化。 相似文献
4.
Wang Shiping 《海洋学报(英文版)》1990,9(1):51-59
-By using the sea surface temperature (SST) index of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean provided by Climate Analysis Center of U. S. A. , the numerical criteria of El Nino and La Nina events and their quantitative characteristics were calculated. Results show that the El Nino event was characterized with strong intensity, shorter life cycle and significant mature phase; however, the La Nina event has longer live cycle, weak intensity, insignificant mature phase. Through teleconnection analysis, it is found that the intensity index of SST over the Equatorial Pacific Ocean leads the intensity index of subtropical high by six months or so. During the El Nino years, the tropical cyclone over the northwestern Pacific is fewer than normal but stronger, and its genesis area shifts southeastward apparently; while in the La Nina years the number of tropical cyclones are larger. 相似文献
5.
To study how the air and sea interact with each other during El Nino/La Nina onsets, extended associate pattern analysis (EAPA) is adopted with the simple ocean data assimilation (SODA) data. The results show that as El Nino/La Nina' s parents their behaviors are quite different, there does not exist a relatively independent tropical atmosphere but does exist a relatively independent tropical Pacific Ocean because the air is heated from the bottom surface instead of the top surface and of much stronger baroclinic instability than the sea and has a very large inter-tropical convergence zone covering the most tropical Pacific Ocean. The idea that it is the wester burst and wind convergence, coming from middle latitudes directly that produce the seawater eastward movement and meridional convergence in the upper levels and result in the typical El Nino sea surface temperature warm signal is confirmed again. 相似文献
6.
一百多年来ENSO事件分类和ENSO循环研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
根据１９５６－１９９０年期间两类ＥＮＳＯ事件的循环规律,提出了用ＳＯＩ资料对历史上ＥＮＳＯ事件定义和分类的方法。对１８８２年以来ＥＮＳＯ事件分类结果表明,一百多年来共出现２５次较强的ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件,其中１３次中部型,１２次东部型,２１次较哟的Ｌａ Ｎｉｎａ事件,其中１３次东部型,８次中部型。分析结果还指出一百多年来４６次较强ＥＮＳＯ事件循环中,有２５次是相反位相ＥＮＳＯ事件之间的直接转换,产生２ 相似文献
7.
The El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has great impacts on the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST). In fact, two major modes of the Indian Ocean SST namely the Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) modes, exerting strong influences on the Indian Ocean rim countries, are both influenced by the ENSO. Based on a combined linear regression method, this study quantifies the ENSO impacts on the IOB and the IOD during ENSO concurrent, developing, and decaying stages. After removing the ENSO impacts, the spring peak of the IOB disappears along with significant decrease in number of events, while the number of events is only slightly reduced and the autumn peak remains for the IOD. By isolating the ENSO impacts during each stage, this study reveals that the leading impacts of ENSO contribute to the IOD development, while the delayed impacts facilitate the IOD phase switch and prompt the IOB development. Besides, the decadal variations of ENSO impacts are various during each stage and over different regions. These imply that merely removing the concurrent ENSO impacts would not be sufficient to investigate intrinsic climate variability of the Indian Ocean, and the present method may be useful to study climate variabilities independent of ENSO. 相似文献
8.
利用1949～2003年热带气旋年鉴资料,对55年来影响山东热带气旋(TC)活动的气候特征与太平洋海温的关系进行了分析.结果表明:(1)在厄尔尼诺年,影响山东的TC频数较常年明显偏少.厄尔尼诺次年TC频数较常年稍有增加;拉尼娜年影响山东的TC频数较常年显著偏多,增加明显的月份主要是8月和9月,拉尼娜次年,影响山东TC频数偏少.厄尔尼诺事件强度越大,影响山东的TC频数越少;(2)影响山东的TC数和菲律宾以东洋面的海温呈正相关,并具有很好的持续性.影响山东的TC多年,赤道中东太平洋有较强的负距平区,影响山东的TC少年,赤道中东太平洋为正距平区;(3)厄尔尼诺年,影响山东的TC强度偏强.拉尼娜年,影响山东的TC强度明显偏弱.影响山东的TC强度厄尔尼诺年要比拉尼娜年强很多;(4)影响山东TC偏强年在赤道中东太平洋有较强的正距平区,影响山东TC偏弱年在赤道中东太平洋地区有较强的负距平.综上说明赤道中东太平洋的海温高低对影响山东的TC频数和强度有较好的指示作用. 相似文献
9.
本文分析了1996－1998年逐月太平洋海面距平资料及热带太平洋海面赤道槽、脊及上层海水体积变化资料，清楚地看到20世纪最强的一次EL97／98事件，不仅基本特征明显，而且太平洋海面变化与其有密切的响应关系，受此启发，作者依据1975－2000年间赤道槽、脊、逆流槽及热带太平洋上层海水体积变化的历史资料，经年周期滑动平均数据处理和采用基于均生函数的正交化筛选建模方法，建立了各单预测因子周期外延的ENSO预测模式。结果表明，本预测模式除把单预测因子序列的历史变化趋势反映和预测出来，还揭示了历史上的El Nino事件发生了经滑动平均后的赤道脊或热带太平洋上层海水体积的峰值附近，结束于谷底附近，La Nina则出现在滑动平均后的赤道脊谷底上升至均值期间的一般规律性。根据各单预测因子周期外延曲线的峰、谷变化，预测下一次El Nino事件将于2001年下半年至2002年上半年期间形成。 相似文献
10.
GUI Maochang * WU Lingjuan . Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China. Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chine-se Academy of Sciences Beijing China. Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,(4)
1 IntroductionIt is well known that interaction between the trop-ical ocean and atmosphere produces the largest inter-annual climate signal, El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). In past decades many efforts have been madein understanding and predicting ENSO: such as the hy-pothesis of Bjerknes (1969) that ENSO arises as aself-sustained cycle in which SSTA in the Pacific O-cean causes the trade winds to strengthen or slackenand that this in turn drives the ocean circulation changesthat … 相似文献
11.
资料统计分析显示,ＥｌＮｉｎｏ年,影响福建的热带气旋较常年显著偏少,ＬａＮｉｎａ年,影响福建热带的气旋较常年偏多,ｔ检验表明,两者之间差异显著。其机制是,ＥｌＮｉｎｏ活动期间,西太平洋副热带高压强度大,位置偏南、偏西、ＩＴＣＺ位置偏南,热带气旋生成区对流活动弱,不利于热带气旋的生成和北上影响福建,ＬａＮｉｎｅ年,副热带高中度北,位置偏北,偏东,ＩＴＣＺ位置偏北,热带气旋生成区对流活动旺盛,有利于热 相似文献
12.
ENSO循环相联系的北太平洋低纬度异常西边界流 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用SODA海洋同化和NCEP大气再分析资料,分析了热带太平洋次表层海温异常主要模态与北太平洋低纬度西边界流海域上层海洋环流和亚洲-北太平洋地区大气垂直和水平流场变化之间的关系,得到以下结果:（1） 在热带太平洋海洋次表层ENSO事件具有两种模态,二者组合构成ENSO循环。第一模态为ENSO成熟期,主要出现在冬季,第二模态为ENSO过渡期,主要出现夏季。（2） ENSO循环对北太平洋低纬度西边界流区上层海洋环流有重要影响。在El Niño发展期或La Niña 衰退期,该区出现气旋性异常环流,北赤道流（NEC）加强,NEC分叉位置北移,棉兰老海流（MC）加大,菲律宾以东黑潮（KC）减小,北赤道逆流（NECC）最强。在El Niño（La Niña）成熟期,该区气旋性（反气旋性）异常环流达最强,NEC最强（最弱）,NEC分叉位置最北（最南）,MC最大（最小）,KC最小（最大）,NECC减弱（加强）。在El Niño衰退期或La Niña发展期与El Niño发展期相反,该区出现反气旋性异常环流,由此导致相应流系异常发生反位相变化。（3） ENSO循环对北太平洋低纬度西边界流海域上层海洋环流的影响是通过ENSO事件期间热带太平洋热力状况异常改变上空大气环流来实现的。ENSO事件首先造成热带太平洋海洋热力状况异常,导致其上空对流活动异常,后者直接或间接通过“大气桥”能量传输引起相关地区大气环流场的变化,致使海面风应力场异常,进而强迫上层海洋环流场的相应变化。文章最后还分析了ENSO事件期间菲律宾附近异常反气旋或异常气旋性风场的产生和持续原因,讨论了北太平洋低纬度西边界流海域海气相互作用在ENSO循环中的贡献。 相似文献
13.
一个高分辨率太平洋-印度洋海盆环流模式的初步结果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用LASG/IAP发展的一个0.25°×0.25°高分辨率太平洋-印度洋海盆环流模式，初步分析了模式在太平洋区域的模拟结果，并与海洋同化资料以及前人的研究结果作比较，检验此模式对该区域平均气候态、年际变化的模拟能力。分析表明，模式较好地再现了海表温度（SST）分布、赤道温跃层和纬向流结构、赤道流系分布形态、海表高度以及正压流函数空间分布特征；同时，对显著的El Ni?o和La Ni?a事件的模拟等方面与Simple Ocean Data Assimilation（SODA）2.0.2版本结果相近。此外，模式模拟北赤道流（NEC）分叉点位置的季节和年际变化以及吕宋海峡流量的年际变化与已有研究结果基本一致。进一步分析还发现，在年际尺度上，NEC分叉点位置和吕宋海峡流量与ENSO密切相关。 相似文献
14.
Kenzo Shuto 《Journal of Oceanography》1996,52(5):575-595
Analyses were performed on hydrographic data gathered along the 137°E meridian by the R/V Ryofu Maru of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Distributions were obtained of the mean and standard deviation of water temperature and salinity along the section. Relationships between interannual variations of these variables and wind forcing were examined. A correlation analysis revealed that temperature change, which occurred in the equatorial region of the western North Pacific accompanied by El Nino and La Nina events, reached about 20°N with the inclination of isotherms across the north equatorial current fluctuating around 20°N. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the winter water temperatures in the section was performed to extract variations following El Nino and La Nina events as the first mode and those corresponding to decadal changes of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific as the second mode. Interannual variations in the area of the North Pacific tropical saline water (NPTSW) and the North Pacific intermediate water (NPIW) along the section correspond well to interannual variations of the wind-stress curl minimum (negative value) in the area southeast of Japan. A remaining problem is to quantitatively evaluate the lag times of the variations to the wind-stress curl variation. In the equatorial region of the section, the northward extension of saline water is weak, and negative water temperature anomalies have often occurred in connection with El Nino events since the latter half of the 1970s. These changes may be part of the decadal variation of the North Pacific. 相似文献
15.
本文揭示了冷气候、飓风、强潮汐、流行性感冒世界大流行和强震相互对应的物理机制,对气候及其相关灾害的预测有重大科学意义。规律表明,在“拉马德雷”冷位相时期,全球强震、低温、飓风伴随拉尼娜、全球性流感伴随厄尔尼诺将越来越强烈。面对日益增大的全球灾害,海洋预报意义重大。 相似文献
16.
The South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) behaves with prominent climate variability from the intraseasonal to interdecadal time scales. On the interannual time scale, the biennial variability (so-called tropospheric biennial oscillation, TBO) is as important as the El Ni o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) period. Some observed data sets, including reanalysis data, are used to explore the associated air-sea interactive physical processes and how the SCSSM TBO affects the ENSO. The results show that the shearing vorticity induced by the north Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and the anomalous Philippine Sea anticyclone both contribute to the TBO in the SCSSM. The results also indicate that the ENSO has a weak effect on the SCSSM TBO, whereas the latter affects the ENSO to some extent. 相似文献
17.
基于模糊系统理论，讨论了从实测信号中滤除特定干扰噪音的途径和过程，研究了从观测资料中辩识El Nino／La Nina主要影响因子的诊断检测方法。结果表明，由于模糊系统具有非线性、容错性和自适应学习等特性，因此能够比较有效地辨认和检测出El Nino／La Nina事件的主要影响因子，并大致分析出它们对不同El Nino／La Nina事件的影响程度和贡献大小。 相似文献
18.
源自南海东北部海区热带气旋的若干统计特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1949－1998年50a中，源自南海东北部海区的热带气旋共67个，其中有17a无热带气旋产生，45a无台风。该海区产生的热带气旋及其有关的统计特征与南海南部和热带西太平洋的热带气旋不同：平均个数是厄尔尼诺年较反厄尔尼诺年少；春季型的厄尔尼诺过程中热带气旋生成较多；1970－1990的的强厄尔尼诺过程中热带气旋个数当年较次年多，1990年后则相反，与历次厄尔尼诺过程比较，1997－1998年特强厄尔尼诺过程中的热带气旋生成较多、发展较快、其异常的气候特征为有史以来所罕见。 相似文献
19.
How does the Indian Ocean subtropical dipole trigger the tropical Indian Ocean dipole via the Mascarene high？ 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The variation in the Indian Ocean is investigated using Hadley center sea surface temperature(SST)data during the period 1958–2010.All the first empirical orthogonal function(EOF)modes of the SST anomalies(SSTA)in different domains represent the basin-wide warming and are closely related to the Pacific El Ni o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)phenomenon.Further examination suggests that the impact of ENSO on the tropical Indian Ocean is stronger than that on the southern Indian Ocean.The second EOF modes in different domains show different features.It shows a clear east-west SSTA dipole pattern in the tropical Indian Ocean(Indian Ocean dipole,IOD),and a southwest-northeast SSTA dipole in the southern Indian Ocean(Indian Ocean subtropical dipole,IOSD).It is further revealed that the IOSD is also the main structure of the second EOF mode on the whole basin-scale,in which the IOD pattern does not appear.A correlation analysis indicates that an IOSD event observed during the austral summer is highly correlated to the IOD event peaking about 9 months later.One of the possible physical mechanisms underlying this highly significant statistical relationship is proposed.The IOSD and the IOD can occur in sequence with the help of the Mascarene high.The SSTA in the southwestern Indian Ocean persists for several seasons after the mature phase of the IOSD event,likely due to the positive wind–evaporation–SST feedback mechanism.The Mascarene high will be weakened or intensified by this SSTA,which can affect the atmosphere in the tropical region by teleconnection.The pressure gradient between the Mascarene high and the monsoon trough in the tropical Indian Ocean increases(decreases).Hence,an anticyclone(cyclone)circulation appears over the Arabian Sea-India continent.The easterly or westerly anomalies appear in the equatorial Indian Ocean,inducing the onset stage of the IOD.This study shows that the SSTA associated with the IOSD can lead to the onset of IOD with the aid of atmosphere circulation and also explains why some IOD events in the tropical tend to be followed by IOSD in the southern Indian Ocean. 相似文献
20.
本文基于JCOPE2数据,综合上升流面积和冷中心强度两方面提出了一个无量纲的上升流强度指数NUI,并以此分析了夏季浙江沿岸上升流强度的多年变化,发现24年来夏季浙江沿岸上升流强度以3和8年为主的周期震荡变化,并有减弱趋势。这与夏季风向与岸线偏离角度的增大密切相关,而台湾暖流的调制作用则是次要因素。机制分析表明,厄尔尼诺现象通过影响风和台湾暖流的年际变化从而影响上升流强度的变化:厄尔尼诺年浙江近岸夏季风速较小,风向偏离岸线角度较大,同时台湾暖流较弱,因此上升流偏弱;拉尼娜年各因素呈相反变化,上升流较强。 相似文献