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1.
长江三角洲及邻近海域第一硬质黏土层的生物化石标志   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
对长江三角洲地区8个钻孔进行了系统的孢粉、藻类分析,从第一硬质黏土层中提取出较丰富的孢粉和藻类化石,结合其他学者的研究成果,探讨了长江三角洲及邻近海域第一硬质黏土层中的孢粉、藻类及其组合的特征。与其上覆地层相比,硬质黏土层中的孢粉、藻类的绝对浓度较低,出现的孢粉、藻类组合较单调,孢粉、藻类组合中淡水藻类含量异常高,并以环纹藻为主。高含量的淡水藻类指示硬质黏土的形成曾受到水流作用,硬质黏土的形成环境应为水域环境。与上覆、下伏地层的孢粉、藻类组合明显不同,淡水藻类含量高是第一硬质黏土层孢粉、藻类组合的重要特征,可以作为长江三角洲及其邻近海域地区晚第四纪地层对比的一个显著标志。  相似文献   

2.
长江三角洲末次盛冰期的气候波动   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过对长江三角洲东部地区鹤鸣孔第一硬黏土层的孢粉、藻类分析,研究了该地区末次盛冰期的气候波动。结果表明,鹤鸣孔第一硬黏土层含种类较丰富的孢子、花粉和藻类化石,并可以划分为3个孢粉、藻类组合,代表了该地区末次盛冰期气候变化的3个阶段,反映了该地区末次盛冰期并不是一个持续的干冷状况,第一硬黏土层沉积的早期和晚期气候较温暖湿润,针阔叶混交林发育,而中期阶段气候偏冷,植被贫乏。  相似文献   

3.
南海北部海相中生界发育的微体化石证据   总被引:21,自引:1,他引:21  
MZ-1-1钻井首次在南海北部珠江口盆地揭示了中生界,获得了可确定地层时代和沉积环境的孢粉和放射虫化石。克拉梭粉(Classopollis)和桫椤孢(Cyathdites)含量占优势的化石组合被发现于井深2187-2388m井段,表明其属于中侏罗世;1725-1887m层段的硅质岩包含以Caneta hsui、Loopus primitivus、Dibolachras sp.cf.D.apletopora等为代表分子的晚侏罗世—早白垩世放射虫动物群。微体化石分析结果表明,南海北部珠江口盆地被首次揭露的前新生代地层中存在着海相的侏罗系和白垩系。中侏罗世克拉梭粉和桫椤孢孢粉组合反映的是热带—亚热带沿海地区植被,滨海沼泽环境发育。晚侏罗世—早白垩世南海北部的海洋沉积环境发生了海水由浅到深的重大变化,形成了深海环境。  相似文献   

4.
中国陆架区属于堆积型浅海,其高速率沉积中的孢粉化石是地层划分,重建古气候古地理环境的重要指标。我国陆架海区孢粉学研究始于20世纪70年代,东部海区(渤海、黄海及东海陆架)第四纪孢粉研究的成果集中于20世纪80年代,而南海陆架海区与深海孢粉学研究自20个世纪90年代同步发展,已取得较显著成果。现代孢粉的来源及传播过程研究是正确解译地层孢粉的前提,我国陆架区主要通过表层沉积物孢粉组合变化探讨孢粉分布规律及传输路径,研究范围多集中在海区近岸或河口区,因此,覆盖更广陆架区的多角度(表层水体及空气孢粉)探讨孢粉物源及典型孢粉—藻类环境意义的工作亟待加强。同时,陆架区第四纪孢粉记录相对较少,多数研究集中于晚更新世或全新世阶段,且利用低分辨率的孢粉分析划分地层并定性恢复孢粉陆源区植被—气候及陆架海环境变化,深入认识我国陆架区的环境过程需要重视较长时间尺度或高分辨率的孢粉学研究。  相似文献   

5.
南海是我国目前海上石油勘探与开发的重要海区,而海区及沿岸第四纪沉积研究,是海上石油开发的工程地质重要背景资料.我国南海海区第四纪孢粉藻类研究较差.本书系统研究了南海中北部及沿岸地区第四纪硅藻、孢粉组合,并借助计算机运算,应用因子分析、系统聚类、模糊聚类、对应分析等数理统计方法划带,恢复其硅藻植物群、孢粉植物群,探讨其演替和古气候、古环境变化,确定地层时代,进行地层划分与对比.本书系统研究了南海陆架和中部深海盆地表层沉积的硅藻、孢粉分布规律、组合特征及分区;探讨了孢粉组合、硅藻植物群的特点与环境的关系;南海北部陆缘热带、南亚热带第四纪植被带移动与古气候变化幅度;对结节圆筛藻壳体大小与古环境的相关性  相似文献   

6.
深圳福田区晚更新世以来古环境演变的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据深圳福田区12个钻孔资料,将本区晚更新世一全新世地层划分为三个孢粉组合带:Ⅰ带,>31950±710—6790±130aB.P.,植被以草本植物为主;Ⅱ带,6790±130—2150士50aB.P,植被以热带和亚热带常缘阔叶乔木占优势;Ⅲ带,2150±50aB.P.以来,植被以热带和亚热带蕨类植物占优势.在此基础上根据所含生物化石资料,进一步探讨了该区晚更新世以来海陆变迁,确定从7000a前开始,本区曾遭受过一次海侵,海侵范围不大,海水从东南方向侵入.  相似文献   

7.
长江三角洲晚第四纪古土壤的古环境及古气候信息   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
运用孢粉、藻类、有孔虫等古生物综合分析方法,对比土壤微形态、沉积磁组构分析结果,研究长江三角洲地区晚第四纪古土壤层记录的古环境信息。结果表明,古土壤是海平面变化、气候、环境综合作用的产物,它的发育具有明显的阶段性。古土壤堆积阶段,海水已退出本地区,气候温暖而湿润,河漫滩经常受洪水淹没积水,多次滞水与暴露环境的交替,形成了淡水藻类与陆生植物互为消长的特殊生物组合特征。这一时期沉积与暴露成壤作用反复交替,古土壤形成了多个粘粒胶膜淀积层。此期相当于未次间冰阶向未次盛冰期过渡及海平面下降的时期,沉积后进入了持续成土阶段,海平面变得更低,气候变干,地下水面降低,古土壤已不能被淹没,持续暴露成壤,这一时期逐渐接近末次盛冰期。  相似文献   

8.
深圳湾北岸新民孔岩心晚更新世以来的环境记录   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
提取该钻孔岩心地球化学信息的综合分析研究初步表明,深圳湾北岸新民孔岩心是一套3万年以来的晚第四纪沉积层序,大致可划分5个古环境演变阶段。第1、第3和第5阶段对应高海面、气候湿热时期。这些阶段相应出现了指示海相的贝类介壳残体,孢粉组合以湿热植被为主,各类粘土矿物也增加,石英减少,沉积以氧化环境为主导。第2和第4阶段对应低海面、气候偏干冷,各项地球化学指示情况相反。该钻孔岩心下部杂色花斑粘土所记录的短期降温和升温事件可能表明在第四纪末次冰期—冰消期中,气候曾强烈波动,并逐渐由晚冰期向冰后期过渡。  相似文献   

9.
珠江三角洲北部晚第四纪孢粉植物群的古环境意义   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
采用孢粉分析的方法对珠江三角洲北部地区多个钻孔进行了古植被和古环境的研究。结果表明,该区晚更新世与全新的孢粉组合存在明显区别,更新世时期以木本植物为主,而全新世表现为蕨类孢子和草本花粉的大幅度增加。该特征反映了更新世本区为河漫滩洼地沉积为主,局部受海侵影响,而全新世为海湾河口相沉积。根据木本植物花粉不同组分的含量变化以及某些气候敏感属种的出现,可以推论晚更新世亚间冰期的年平均气温比现今低2 ̄4℃左  相似文献   

10.
东海陆架盆地台北坳陷月桂峰组生物地层及古环境   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
月桂峰组分布于台北坳陷西带,上覆灵峰组、下伏石门潭组,由灰黑色泥岩、砂岩组成。在微体古生物和地球化学微量元素详细分析的基础上,确立它属古近纪古新世沉积,推测可能为古新世早期,该地层相当于苏北盆地阜宁组一段。月桂峰组所含孢粉、藻类化石组合及地球化学微量元素特征表明月桂峰组当时的沉积环境以淡水湖相为主,局部时期(晚期)可能演变成海陆交互相,或者受到海水的影响。  相似文献   

11.
Research on Lamelllbranchiate fossils of the Huanghai Sea started rather late in China and data on this subject are scarce. During the large-scale investigation of the Huanghai Sea sediment in the late 1970s, a large number of surface and core samples of the sea-floor sediment were obtained and a considerable number of Lamellibranchiatc fossils were found. A preliminary identification reveals that there are 46 species of the fossils.The Lamellibranchiate fossils in the Huanghai Sea are composed of different species: the shallow water species, the littoral species and the fossils reflecting the environment of the estuary where freshwater flows, or of the tidal zone having brackish water.Through the studies of the Lamellibranchiate fossils and their ecological environment, not only the features of the Lamellibranchiate groups of the Upper Pleistocene have been restored, but also some relatively important data of the investigation of paleo-current and paleo-temperature during late Pleistocene have been obt  相似文献   

12.
翁毅  张伟强 《台湾海峡》2011,30(2):264-268
广州番禺东涌剖面样品的AMS(磁谱仪)年龄及红树林孢粉分析结果表明,珠江三角洲存在晚更新世和全新世的红树林,红树林是海侵的标志之一.按照检出红树属花粉的9个剖面的分布以及5处埋藏红树林腐木的分布,可以描绘出全新世海侵的边界.根据东涌剖面的沉积旋回、样品年龄、红树林花粉含量曲线、半咸水-淡水硅藻及热性-温性硅藻含量曲线的综合分析,可将沉积环境的变迁分为4个阶段.第一阶段和第三阶段的海侵有利于红树林的发展,第二阶段不利于红树林的发展,第四阶段的晚全新世,红树林的生长频繁,显示人为因素的影响.  相似文献   

13.
Shallow 3D seismic data show contrasting depositional patterns in Pleistocene deepwater slopes of offshore East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The northern East Kalimantan slope is dominated by valleys and canyons, while the central slope is dominated by unconfined channel–levee complexes. The Mahakam delta is immediately landward of the central slope and provided large amounts of sediments to the central slope during Pleistocene lowstands of sea level. In the central area, the upper slope contains relatively straight and deep channels. Sinuous channel–levee complexes occur on the middle and lower slope, where channels migrated laterally, then aggraded and avulsed. Younger channel–levee complexes avoided bathymetric highs created by previous channel–levee complexes. Levees decrease in thickness down slope. Relief between channels and levees also decreases down slope.North of the Mahakam delta, siliciclastic sediment supply was limited during the Pleistocene, and the slope is dominated by valleys and canyons. Late Pleistocene rivers and deltas were generally not present on the northern outer shelf. Only one lowstand delta was present on the northern shelf margin during the upper Pleistocene, and sediments from that lowstand delta filled a pre-existing slope valley complex and formed a basin-floor fan. Except for that basin-floor fan, the northern basin floor shows no evidence of sand-rich channels or fans, but contains broad areas with chaotic reflectors interpreted as mass transport complexes. This suggests that slope valleys and canyons formed by slope failures, not by erosion associated with turbidite sands from rivers or deltas. In summary, amount of sediment coming onto the slope determines slope morphology. Large, relatively steady input of sediment from the Pleistocene paleo-Mahakam delta apparently prevented large valleys and canyons from developing on the central slope. In contrast, deep valleys and canyons developed on the northern slope that was relatively “starved” for siliciclastic sediment.  相似文献   

14.
楚科奇海盆M04柱晚更新世以来沉积古环境记录   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对"中国第五次北极科考"采自楚科奇海盆的M04柱进行粒度、冰筏碎屑、黏土矿物、岩心XRF扫描、沉积物颜色分析,初步建立了楚科奇海盆晚更新世MIS4期以来的沉积地层框架。MIS4期以来,楚科奇海盆M04柱沉积物粒度和黏土矿物组成具有明显的冰期/间冰期变化特征,冰期沉积物粒度分布以双峰态为主,由洋流搬运和海冰搬运沉积组分组成,伊利石含量高、高岭石含量低;间冰期沉积物具有三峰态粒度分布特征,由海冰搬运、洋流搬运和冰山搬运沉积组分组成,伊利石含量低、高岭石含量高。通过M04柱黏土矿物组合类型与北冰洋边缘海盆的表层沉积物黏土矿物组合类型对比表明,晚更新世以来楚科奇海盆沉积环境发生显著变化:温暖的间冰期受波弗特涡流驱动,波弗特海为研究区的物源输入提供了主要贡献;寒冷的冰期表层环流呈反向输运,细颗粒物源碎屑以东西伯利亚海的输入为主。  相似文献   

15.
从渤海到南海分布的几十至上百米宽的海蚀平台、与全新世类高的晚更新世海积地面和同期滨海相粘性土的顶面高程,是确定晚更新世、尤其是距今4万至2万年中国海的高海面接近现在海面的3项古海面遗迹证据。选择证据以大陆海岸、岩岸和沙坝湖海岸为主。三角洲平原的晚更新世中期海相粘性土的顶面高程偏低,是由于沉积物压实、冰期低海山时被流水蚀低和构造下沉3个因素造成的,可通过复原获得改正。  相似文献   

16.
Hans Nelson 《Marine Geology》1976,22(2):129-155
The asymmetrical Astoria Fan (110 × 180 km) developed off the Columbia River and Astoria submarine canyon during the Pleistocene. Morphology, stratigraphy, and lithology have been outlined for a Pleistocene turbidite, and a Holocene hemipelagic sedimentary regime to generate geologically significant criteria for comparison with ancient equivalent deposits. Both gray silty clay of the Late Pleistocene and olive-gray clay of the Early Holocene are interrupted by turbidites. The few deeply incised fan valleys of the more steeply sloping upper fan contain thick, muddy and very poorly sorted sand and gravel beds that usually have poorly developed internal sedimentary structures. The numerous shallower fan valleys and distributaries of the flatter middle and lower fan contain thick, clean, and moderately sorted medium to fine sands that are vertically graded in texture, composition and well-developed internal sedimentary structures. Tuffaceous turbidites (containing Mazama ash, 6600 B.P.) can be traced as thick deposits (ca. 30–40 cm) throughout the Astoria Channel system and as thin correlative interbeds (ca. 1–2 cm) in interchannel areas. Similarly, sand/shale ratios are high throughout the fan valleys and the middle and lower fan areas of distributaries, but are low in the upper-fan interchannel areas.These depositional trends indicate that high-density turbidity currents carry coarse traction loads that remain confined in upper but not lower fan valleys. Fine debris selectively sorts out from channelized flows into overbank suspension flows that spread over the fan and deposit clayey silt. A high content of mica, plant fragments, and glass shards (if present) characterizes deposits of the overbank flows, a major process in the building of upper fan levees and interchannel areas.In the Late Pleistocene, turbidity currents funneled most coarse-grained debris through upper channels to depositional sites in middle and lower fan distributaries that periodically shifted, anastomosed and braided to spread sand layers throughout the area. At this time, depositional rates were many times greater (>50 cm/1000 years) than in the Holocene (8 cm/1000 years).During the Holocene rise of sea level, the shoreline shifted, the Columbia River sediment was trapped, and turbidity-current activity slackened from one major event per 6 years in the Late Pleistocene, to one per 1000 years in the Early Holocene, to none since the Mt. Mazama eruption (ca. 6600 B.P.). Turbidites became muddier and deposited as thick beds within main channels, in part explaining Holocene deposition rates three times greater there (25 cm/1000 years) than in interchannel regions. Turbid-layer debris, funneled through channel systems and trapped from flows off the continental terrace, also contributed to rapid sedimentation in valleys; however, less than 2% of the suspended sediment load of the Columbia River has been trapped in fan valleys during the Holocene.By the Late Holocene, continuous particle-by-particle deposition of hemipelagic clay with a biogenous coarse fraction was the predominant process on the fan. These hemipelagites contain progressively more clay size and less terrigenous debris offshore, and are finer grained, richer in planktonic tests and dominated by radiolarians compared to the foraminiferal-rich Pleistocene clays. The hemipelagic sedimentation of interglacial times, however, is insignificant compared to turbidite deposition of glacial times.  相似文献   

17.
中国东部晚更新世以来的海水进退   总被引:19,自引:4,他引:19  
耿秀山 《海洋学报》1981,3(1):114-130
我国东部滨海平原及其以东的浅海陆架,是第四纪冰川时期海岸线往复迁移的地带.要掌握海水的进退边界及反复过程,必须在沉积层序学和年代学的广泛研究基础上,依据古滨线沉积和残留地貌标志,与世界典型地区的海面变化模式进行对比,才能获得冰川性海面变化及构造型海面变化在我国东部海面升降及海水进退过程中互相影响、相互消长的时空表现.  相似文献   

18.
渤海新近纪古湖发育的直接证据   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
通过渤海5口钻井的沉积有机质分析,以沉积有机质中浮游藻类丰度和类型、无定形有机质含量变化以及地层序列中富藻沉积层发育程度。作为指示湖相沉积环境发育的标志,确定渤海新近纪湖相沉积层的分布特征及渤海古坳陷湖的发育特征。分析表明,浮游藻类和无定形有机质含量高的层段在馆陶组和明下段都有分布,但发育最好的是在明下段下部。这是渤海新近纪湖相沉积地层存在的直接证据。从湖相沉积发育的差异看,馆陶组和明化镇组时期的古湖有着不同的特征,馆陶组早期渤海的湖泊可能很小,馆陶组中、晚期为湖泊扩张期,从含浮游藻类和无定形有机质沉积层纵向变化频繁出现可以看出浅湖沉积环境的不稳定性。新近纪古湖的盛期是在明下段下部沉积时段,当时渤海淡水湖泊普遍存在。  相似文献   

19.
长江三角洲北翼全新统底界和“硬粘土层”的讨论   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
本文以钻孔资料为依据,通过岩石地层学、生物地层学和~(14)C测年分析,认为应以第一海相层底板作为Q_4/Q_(1-3)界线,而不能机械地划在“硬粘土层”顶板;上更新统顶部属河漫、湖沼相沉积,后经暴露、脱水局部层段硬化而成为所谓的杂色“硬粘土层”;本区晚更新世末古地形呈由东、东南向西、西北逐渐抬升的掀斜状,并控制着全新世的海侵方向和范围。  相似文献   

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