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1.
大连湾和杭州湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯和有机氯农药及风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对大连湾与杭州湾沉积物样品中多氯联苯(Polychlorinated Biphenyls,PCBs)和有机氯农药(Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs)进行了分析测定。结果表明,大连湾和杭州湾沉积物中PCBs的含量为0.72~14.87 ng/g和0.76~3.86 ng/g,其中3、4、5氯联苯比例较高,其和超过总含量的70%;OCPs的含量为2.98~32.23 ng/g和1.61~4.71 ng/g,其中主要成分为六六六(Hexachlorocyclohexanes,HCHs)和滴滴涕(Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylenes,DDTs)。大连湾和杭州湾表层沉积物中HCHs主要来自农业使用,而且大连湾有新的DDTs输入,杭州湾表层沉积物中的DDTs则主要来自历史残留。生态风险评价的结果表明,PCBs几乎不会对研究区域产生生态风险,OCPs对杭州湾也不会造成潜在的生态风险,但大连湾的OCPs处于中等风险水平,应当引起关注。 相似文献
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2011年5月采集莱州湾及东营近岸海域鱼、贝、甲壳(蟹、虾)、头足四类235个生物体样品, 用气相色谱法测定其中六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)及多氯联苯(PCBs)含量, 对其残留水平、分布、组成特征及污染源进行分析, 对污染现状及人体健康风险进行了评价。结果表明, 研究海域生物体中HCHs含量(湿重) N.D.—5.73?g/kg; DDTs含量(湿重) 0.122—304?g/kg; PCBs含量(湿重) N.D.—6.51?g/kg。根据各同分异构体百分比组成分析, 莱州湾及东营近岸海域近期无新的大面积HCHs、DDTs污染输入。与同类研究相比, 莱州湾及东营近岸海域生物体PCBs含量处于较低水平, 而HCHs和DDTs含量处于中间水平。通过污染指数分析得出: 所有生物体HCHs、PCBs均未受到污染; 55%生物体DDTs受到不同程度污染。研究海域生物体HCHs、DDTs、PCBs含量低于各国食品安全限量; 以美国环保局推荐方法评价本海域生物体HCHs、PCBs食用致癌风险为可接受风险, 但是DDTs含量存在一定的致癌风险。 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2017,(8)
利用气相色谱/质谱方法对三沙湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行测定,结果表明,PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的含量均值分别为1.28、61.76和1.18ng/g。与早期研究结果相比,PCBs含量浓度明显降低,表明其污染已得到有效控制;PAHs中高分子量组分普遍存在,通过分析菲/蒽和荧蒽/芘比值,判断其主要来源为燃料的高温燃烧;HCHs和DDTs是主要的有机氯农药污染物,二者的残留特征表明其主要来源为早期历史残留,且表层沉积物受到厌氧微生物降解。总体而言,三沙湾表层沉积物中PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的污染程度及生态风险均处于较低水平。 相似文献
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根据近年观测和历史资料,分析了南海北部沿岸海域近江牡蛎样品中多氯联苯(PCBs)含量状况。气相色谱-电子捕获检测器测定结果显示:2006—2007年,南海北部沿岸海域近江牡蛎样品中PCBs残留量为0.003—0.253mg/kg(湿重),虽然没有超过国内外贝类卫生标准,也低于俄罗斯西部沿岸海域、英格兰梅斯河口和日本东京湾贻贝中的含量,但明显高于其它7个亚洲国家沿岸海域贻贝中的含量;牡蛎样品中PCBs含量表现出明显的空间差异,测站最高值(1243ng/g,干重)与最低值(82ng/g)相差15倍,在粤东沿岸海域(487ng/g)明显高于珠江口沿岸海域、粤西沿岸海域、海南岛沿岸海域和北部湾湾顶海域(分别为218、202、207和268ng/g)。2003—2007年,广东沿岸海域牡蛎样品中PCBs干重含量为30—2041ng/g,比1989—1991年的0.35—1.43ng/g明显增加,平均值171ng/g比1989—1991年的0.62ng/g增加近275倍,其区域分布格局在1989—1991年为珠江口沿岸海域>粤东沿岸海域和粤西沿岸海域,但近年来变为粤东沿岸海域>珠江口沿岸海域和粤西沿岸海域。 相似文献
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为了探讨甬江口海洋倾倒区附近海域表层沉积物中多氯联苯的污染水平及生态环境影响,对2014年1月在甬江口倾倒区及附近海域采集的8个沉积物样品用气相色谱法测定PCBs残留量,并且进行环境生态风险评价。结果显示:甬江口海洋倾倒区表层沉积物中PCBs含量为1.310~6.538 μg·kg-1,平均值为3.413 μg·kg-1,其分布表现为西北和东南向PCBs含量高于倾倒区;10种指示性PCBs中,主要以低氯代的PCB28、PCB118和PCB155为主,其中PCB118和PCB155在表层沉积物中的含量相对较高,其含量在各采样站位中占PCBs总量的26.1%~93.1%。甬江口海洋倾倒区沉积物中PCBs污染水平低于长江口、闽江口及珠江口,高于鸭绿江口、辽河口及黄河口。采用潜在生态危害指数法、加拿大环境质量标准ISQG法、生态风险值(EPA)法及毒性当量因子法进行评价,结果基本一致:甬江口海洋倾倒区属于较低生态风险,一般不会引起生物的负效应。 相似文献
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为防治海洋环境污染和保护海洋生态环境,文章在2011年采样调查的基础上,分析广西壮族自治区海域表层沉积物中多氯联苯的含量、分布和组成等特征,并评价其生态风险。研究结果表明:7种多氯联苯单体均被检出,多氯联苯含量的范围为0.58～4.85ng/g,明显低于我国其他海湾和河口,多氯联苯总体污染水平较低;以大风江入海口为界,西部海域的多氯联苯含量明显高于东部海域,主要与西部城市的工业和排污有关;多氯联苯主要为三氯联苯和四氯联苯,与我国生产和应用实际相符;多氯联苯含量符合国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准,且生态风险较低。 相似文献
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为了探讨浙江沿海贝类体内有机锡的存在形态及分布特征,采用戊基化格氏衍生GC-FPD方法测定了沿海六县(市)采集的双壳贝类体内3种丁基锡和3种苯基锡化合物含量,并采用风险系数法进行了健康风险评价。研究表明,苯基锡是贝类体内有机锡的主要污染物,含量范围为nd~203.6 ng·g-1(干重),以二苯基锡为主。丁基锡总含量范围为nd~8.2 ng·g-1(干重),以三丁基锡为主。贝类中贻贝对有机锡的富集能力较强。不同区域贝类体内的有机锡主要来源于海运船舶的防污涂料。健康风险评价结果表明,浙江沿海贝类对食用人群的健康是安全的。 相似文献
9.
以珠江口海域的两头中华白海豚为研究对象，采用气相色谱法分析了海豚组织中多氯联苯（PCBs）的含量分布特征和毒性水平。结果表明，PCBs在海豚10种不同组织中的含量范围为25．1—85567．3ng／g，PCBs含量最高的组织为额隆和皮肤，其次为肝脏、肌肉、心脏、睾丸和脑，最低的为肺、胃和肾脏；PCBs同系物和同族物在海豚不同组织中的分布特征相似，同系物中以PCB101＋113和PCB153所占总量的百分比最大，在10．25％-51．70％之间；在同族物中以含在同族物中以5个氯原子和6个氯原子的PCBs为主，所占百分比均在23．53％-60．06％之间；运用二蛞哄毒性当量（TEQ）评价了中华白海豚不同组织中PCBs的毒性，其TEQs范围为55．9—68191．0pg／g，其中皮肤TEQs含量最高。TEQs主要来自非邻位取代的PCBs，占总量的74．15％-99．62％，其中来自PCB126的占34．11％-96．5I％。与世界其他海域海豚的PCBs污染水平相比，成年中华白海豚受PCBs污染严重，其体内的PCBs含量和毒性当量均已超出安全浓度范围，对其健康已造成威胁。 相似文献
10.
在广西近岸海域采集了36个站位的表层沉积物样品,测定了沉积物样品中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、Hg、As共7种重金属和DDTs、PCBs共2种持久性有机污染物的含量,分析了各检测因子的含量和分布特征,对沉积物中7种重金属和DDTs、PCBs进行了综合生态风险评价。结果表明:广西海域沉积物中重金属平均含量(×10~(-6),干重)顺序为Zn(49.4)Cr(41.7) Cu(21.5)Pb(15.6)As(9.1)Cd(0.07)Hg(0.026),持久性有机污染物平均含量(×10~(-9),干重)为PCBs(2.97) DDTs(0.88),重金属、DDTs、PCBs所有站位含量平均值均低于一类标准,广西海域沉积物Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、Hg、As、DDTs、PCBs总体含量水平较低;沉积物重金属潜在生态风险程度排序为HgAsCdCuPbCrZn,36个监测站位的潜在生态风险指数RI平均值为19.51,广西海域总体潜在风险程度较轻,属低潜在生态风险,位于茅尾海和廉州湾的站位潜在生态风险较高,As和Cu为主要的潜在生态风险因子;沉积物中DDTs、PCBs的残留水平生态风险较低,但部分站位DDTs含量介于其相应的ERL和ERM之间。 相似文献
11.
Natalie K. Karouna-Renier Richard A. Snyder Ted Lange Suzanne Gibson Jeffrey G. Allison Matthew E. Wagner K. Ranga Rao 《Marine environmental research》2011,72(3):96-104
The health benefits of regular consumption of fish and seafood have been espoused for many years. However, fish are also a potential source of environmental contaminants that have well known adverse effects on human health. We investigated the consumption risks for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; n = 104) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus; n = 170), two commonly harvested and consumed fish species inhabiting fresh and estuarine waters in northwest Florida. Skinless fillets were analyzed for total mercury, inorganic arsenic, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides. Contaminant levels were compared to screening values (SV) calculated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommendations for establishing consumption advisories. Largemouth bass were found to contain high levels of total mercury at all sampling locations (0.37–0.89 ug/g) and one location exhibited elevated total PCBs (39.4 ng/g). All of the samples exceeded Florida fish consumption advisory trigger levels for total mercury and one location exceeded the U.S. EPA SV for total PCBs. As a result of the high mercury levels, the non-cancer health risks (hazard index–HI) for bass were above 1 for all locations. Striped mullet from several locations with known point sources contained elevated levels of PCBs (overall range 3.4–59.3 ng/g). However, total mercury levels in mullet were low. Eight of the 16 mullet sampling locations exceeded the U.S. EPA SV for total PCBs and two locations exceeded an HI of 1 due to elevated PCBs. Despite the elevated levels of total PCBs in some samples, only two locations exceeded the acceptable cancer risk range and therefore cancer health risks from consumption of bass and mullet were determined to be low at most sampling locations. 相似文献
12.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pose a severe ecological risk. They are hydrophobic and are efficiently sequestered in lipid-rich tissues. Lipids function as energy reserves and as membrane components, and are essential for growth and reproductive processes in bivalves. Accumulation of PCBs may affect the mobilization of lipid reserves and membrane lipid composition; thus they may also impair reproductive and developmental processes. To test whether there are any changes in lipid metabolism, the lipid class and fatty acid composition in structural and reserve lipids of visceral mass, gills and mantle, and eggs of reproductively active oysters were examined. Oysters were fed daily with 0.2 g algal paste containing 0, 0.1, or 1.0 μg PCBs for 15 and 30 days. PCBs in the oyster tissues and eggs were also quantified. After 30 days of exposure PCBs were highly accumulated, up to 2635 ng/g in the visceral mass, 1880 ng/g in gill+mantle, and 671 ng/g (dry wt. bases). No significant changes were noted in either lipid class composition or fatty acid composition of structural or reserve lipids from PCB-exposed oyster tissues and eggs. 相似文献
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14.
PCB uptake and accumulation by oysters (Crassostrea virginica) exposed via a contaminated algal diet
F. -L. E. Chu P. Soudant L. A. Cruz-Rodríguez R. C. Hale 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5)
Reproductively active oysters were fed daily with 0.2 g algal paste containing 0, 0.1, and 1.0 μg polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (1:1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260) for either 15 or 30 days, and accumulation of PCBs in different organ tissues and eggs assessed. The effects of PCB exposure on lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid composition were also evaluated. PCBs were accumulated by the oysters and transferred to the eggs. PCB accumulation in oysters was dose, time and tissue dependent. Mean PCB contents were 3150, 1970, and 250 ng/g dry wt., respectively, in the visceral mass, gills+mantle and muscle of oysters fed algal paste containing 1.0 μg PCBs for 30 days. The PCBs in the eggs from the same oysters reached 671 ng PCBs/g dry wt. Feeding oysters with PCB-sorbed algal paste for 30 days significantly increased phospholipid and free fatty acid contents in gills+mantle tissues compared to the same tissues in the undosed control. 相似文献
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Reproductively active oysters were fed daily with 0.2 g algal paste containing 0, 0.1, and 1.0 microgram polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (1:1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260) for either 15 or 30 days, and accumulation of PCBs in different organ tissues and eggs assessed. The effects of PCB exposure on lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid composition were also evaluated. PCBs were accumulated by the oysters and transferred to the eggs. PCB accumulation in oysters was dose, time and tissue dependent. Mean PCB contents were 3150, 1970, and 250 ng/g dry wt., respectively, in the visceral mass, gills + mantle and muscle of oysters fed algal paste containing 1.0 microgram PCBs for 30 days. The PCBs in the eggs from the same oysters reached 671 ng PCBs/g dry wt. Feeding oysters with PCB-sorbed algal paste for 30 days significantly increased phospholipid and free fatty acid contents in gills + mantle tissue compared to the same tissues in the undosed control. 相似文献
16.
Fossi MC Borsani JF Di Mento R Marsili L Casini S Neri G Mori G Ancora S Leonzio C Minutoli R Notarbartolo di Sciara G 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):761-767
The aim of this study was to propose a suite of biomarkers (BPMO activity, NADPH-cytocrome c reductase, NADH-ferricyanide reductase. esterases, porphyrins, vitellogenin and zona radiata proteins) and residue levels (organochlorines, PAHs and heavy metals) in the zooplanktonic euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica as a potential multi-disciplinary diagnostic tool for assessment of the health status of the Mediterranean "whale sanctuary". Very little difference in BPMO was detected between sites, with values ranging from 0.75 to 2.68 U.A.F./mg prot/h. On the other hand larger differences between sites were found for reductase activities. Esterases (AChE), porphyrins (Copro-, Uro-, Proto-porphyrins) vitellogenin and zona radiata proteins were also detectable in this zooplanctonic species. Hg showed mean levels of 0.141 ppm d.w., Cd 0.119 ppm d.w. and Pb 0.496 ppm d.w. Total PAHs ranged from 860.7 to 5,037.9 ng/g d.w., carcinogenic PAHs from 40.3 to 141.7 ng/g d.w., HCB from 3.5 to 11.6 ng/g d.w., DDTs from 45.3 to 163.2 ng/g d.w. and the PCBs from 84.6 to 210.2 ng/g d.w. 相似文献