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1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
间冰期气候是古气候研究中重点关注的内容之一。通过对川东北宋家洞石笋SJ5-6高精度~(230)Th定年和高分辨率氧同位素分析,重建了该地区334~320ka(MIS9)时期高分辨率夏季风气候变化历史。结果发现,SJ5-6记录的夏季风变化趋势总体上与亚洲季风区其他石笋记录相似,也与南极冰芯记录的温度变化基本一致,反映了在MIS9间冰期南半球高纬度地区温度变化可能对川东北地区的夏季风气候变化产生了重要影响。 相似文献
2.
正构烷烃及单体碳同位素的古植被与古气候意义 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
与古植被、古气候变化密切相关的正构烷烃分子化石及其单体碳同位素的研究是近年来最为引人注目和关切的环境科学问题之一，这一研究在国际上已取得了一定的成果。在详细综述国际上正构烷烃及其单体碳同位素在古植被与古气候方面研究进展的同时，着重叙述了他们在生物输入源的识别，古植被、古温度的重建以及古大气飘尘源区气候变化的响应等方面的研究动态，分析并讨论了目前存在的问题及其发展趋势。指出随着测试分析技术的发展，正构烷烃分子化石及其单体碳同位素将成为重现古环境变迁和现代环境信息变化的一个强有力的工具。 相似文献
3.
从大洋沉积中识别和提取海水水化学的演变历史从而揭示全球古环境变化的信息,已成为古海洋学研究相当活跃的一个领域,同时也是近年来大洋钻探计划(ODP)的重要内容之一。海水Cs同位素组成演化曲线及锶同位素地层学的建立[1]即是这方面工作取得的重要成果。近年来,对海水中其他化学信号演变的研究也有很大进展,Os同位素即是一例。本文介绍海水Os同位素组成演化及其古环境意义,并与海水Sr同位素组成的演化进行对比。1 海水中的Os及其同位素组成Os是海水中的痕量元素,浓度极低,直到1996年Koide等才首次用共振离子质谱技术(RIMS)进行了测… 相似文献
4.
本文总结了八个地区白垩纪—第三纪界线的生物地层资料,试图确定一个完整的连续剖面.其中,突尼斯的艾尔·凯夫剖面出露最厚,生物地层标志也最全,包括白垩纪最顶部的Micula Prinsii带;第三纪最下部Globigerina fringa带中的“界线粘土”以及Globigerina eugubina and pseudobulloides带.根据这一分带,笔者对比了各剖面的稳定同位素地层标志.资料表明,白垩纪最晚期和第三纪最早期海洋的同位素组成,差别极大.碳同位素的变化主要取决于海洋养分的变化,显然是全球性的,因而具有等时性.氧同位素的变化虽然也具全球性,但受古地理位置及古循环系统的局部影响.同位素地层与生物地层资料的一致性表明,第三系底部沉积物中的“白垩纪”超微化石,并非再搬运的,而是白垩纪—第三纪界线事件的幸存者,在第三纪最早期海洋中仍继续繁衍.这些孓遗种属在界线事件后几万年才发生灭绝,理应为事件造成的环境变化的结果,而不是事件本身引起的”灾变性”灭绝. 相似文献
5.
6.
根据黄土高原中东部地区黄土沉积物的地质记录,前人研究推断MIS13时期北半球气候为高温高湿环境,然而,这似乎与黄土高原西部黄土沉积物的地质记录存在差别。本研究通过综合前人的研究结果,对比黄土高原东西部地区MIS13时期的古气候及古土壤风化强度在空间上的梯度分布,发现两地的古气候演化存在不对称性。对比MIS13时期低纬度的亚非季风区和北半球中高纬度地区气候状况得出:高降水量环境仅存在于亚非季风区大部分地区,但当时是否呈现高温环境值得商榷;北半球中高纬地区则显著不同,呈现相对较干冷的间冰期气候。由此推断,MIS13时期黄土高原东西部地区之间气候演化的不对称现象可能是季风缺少动力因素,对黄土高原西部影响较小,且长时间停留在黄土高原中东部地区所致;而在此之后的间冰期,由于季风的扩展和加深可能进一步加剧黄土高原西部地区S5S1古土壤风化强度与年轻古土壤层的差别。 相似文献
7.
西北太平洋第四纪沉积物中碎屑成分及其古海洋学意义Ｖ．Ｐ．Ｎｅｃｈａｅｖ等北太平洋，特别是它的西北部地区，是根据第四纪沉积研究气候和大洋环流全球变化的最好的地区之一。在某种程度上是因为：（１）沉积物常含有大量的适合古生物研究和进行氧、碳同位素分析的微体... 相似文献
8.
铁是地球中含量最多分布最广的过渡金属元素之一,但针对Fe同位素的研究滞后。介绍了开始于TIMS,到MC-ICP-MS的Fe同位素测试技术,其重要研究进展与现状。指出Fe元素及Fe同位素在自然界中的组成、分布及在生物、非生物有机作用过程中分馏的特征;Fe同位素地球化学及在古海洋学、矿床学等地球科学领域的广泛应用,涉及铁硫化物、铁氧化物和铁碳酸盐矿物-菱铁矿成矿作用。后者目前被认为是碳酸盐岩铁白云岩成因研究的关键,通过铁白云岩中大量铁和重金属来源示踪研究,揭示西沙群岛孤立岛屿环境铁白云岩的成因特征和机制,属于白云岩问题研究重要内容,具有重要的意义。 相似文献
9.
由于地理位置上的遥远性，太平洋东南部至今研究程度仍然较差，了解甚少。例如不了解有关这个地区发生的海洋作用过程与晚新生代在南半球的巨大构造和气候事件的联系等（在这个时候发生了德雷克海峡的开放和巴拿马海峡的封闭，安第斯山系的隆起和南极洲冰盾的形成）；不清楚在太平洋高纬度区和赤道地区气候的波动和生物地球化学旋回之间的相互关系（后者与地球轨道的韵律性变化有关）；也很少知道有关气候、生物界和水体化学成分的区域性演化特征，及其与全球性活动过程的相互作用。 相似文献
10.
青海湖沉积物有机碳及其同位素的气候环境信息 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21
通过对青海湖沉积物有机碳及其同位素的分析，结合碳酸盐含量的变化特征，探讨了青海湖沉积物有机碳及其同位素组成的环境意义，并且据此分析了青海湖地区近700a来的气候环境演变。青海湖沉积物的有机碳含量及其同位素较好地记录了温度的变化，在有机碳含量高，有机碳同位素低时，气温较高，反之则相反，小冰期的3次冷期以及20世纪以来的升温在该岩心中得以清晰地反映。 相似文献
11.
C. J. C. REASON 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2000,52(2):203-223
Observations of multidecadal variability in sea surface temperature (SST), surface air temperature and winds over the Southern Hemisphere are presented and an ocean general circulation model applied towards investigating links between the SST variability and that of the overlying atmosphere. The results suggest that the dynamical effect of the wind stress anomalies is significant mainly in the neighbourhood of the western boundary currents and their outflows across the mid‐latitudes of each Southern Hemisphere basin (more so in the South Indian and South Atlantic than in the South Pacific Ocean) and in the equatorial upwelling zones. Over most of the subtropics to mid‐latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere oceans, changes in net surface heat flux (particularly in latent heat) appear to be more important for the SST variability than dynamical effects. Implications of these results for modelling and understanding low frequency climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere as well as possible links with mechanisms of decadal/interdecadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere are discussed. 相似文献
12.
N. M. Gavrilov A. V. Koval A. I. Pogoreltsev E. N. Savenkova 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(6):592-602
Parameterizations of normal atmospheric modes (NAMs) and orographic gravity waves (OGWs) are implemented into the mechanistic general circulation model of the middle and upper atmosphere (MUA). Numerical experiments of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events are performed for climatological conditions typical for January and February using meteorological reanalysis data from the UK MET Office in the MUA model averaged over the years 1992–2011 with the easterly phase of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The simulation shows that an increase in the OGW amplitudes occurs at altitudes higher than 30 km in the Northern Hemisphere after SSW. The OGW amplitudes have maximums at altitudes of about 50 km over the North American and European mountain systems before and during SSW, as well as over the Himalayas after SSW. At high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, significant (up to 50–70%) variations in the amplitudes of stationary planetary waves (SPWs) are observed during and after the SSW. Westward travelling NAMs have local amplitude maximums not only in the Northern Hemisphere, but also in the Southern Hemisphere, where there are waveguides for the propagation of these modes. Calculated variations of SPW and NAM amplitudes correspond to changes in the mean temperature and wind fields, as well as the Eliassen-Palm flux and atmospheric refractive index for the planetary waves, during SSW. Including OGW thermal and dynamical effects leads to an increase in amplitude (by 30–70%) of almost all SPWs before and during SSW and to a decrease (up to 20–100%) after the SSW at middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. 相似文献
13.
白垩纪黑色页岩与大洋红层:缺氧到富氧的过程与机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
白垩纪是地球历史中一个重要的阶段,期间发生了以黑色页岩为特征的缺氧事件和以大洋红层为特征的富氧环境等许多重大地质事件,从白垩纪大洋缺氧到富氧转化的过程与机制,提出上述两个典型事件是同一原因形成的两个不同结果。一方面,白垩纪大规模的岩浆活动,引起大气中CO2气体浓度的升高和地球内部大量热能释放,并且改变了海陆面积的对比,最终导致大气温度的升高。海水温度的升高和CO2浓度的增加导致海洋环境中溶解O2的降低,缺氧事件随之而产生。另一方面,剧烈的岩浆活动在海底产生大量的富含铁元素的基性和超基性岩,在与海水发生反应时,岩石中的铁元素进入海水中。海水中的铁元素是海洋浮游植物宝贵的营养盐类,其含量的增加可激发浮游植物的大规模繁盛,而这一生命过程可以吸收海水中大量的CO2,并且产生等量的O2。随着海水中O2浓度的不断升高,以富含Fe3 的红色沉积物为特征的海洋富氧环境出现。然而,由岩浆活动引起的缺氧事件和同样由其造成的富氧环境,其机制存在明显的差异,前者以物理、化学过程为主,后者除此之外还演绎了更为复杂的生物—海洋地球化学过程。 相似文献
14.
K. N. Visheratin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(9):904-910
The SBUV/SBUV2 (65° S–65° N) and Bodeker Scientific (90° S–90° N) satellite databases have been used for composite and cross-wavelet analyses of the spatio-temporal variability of phase relations between a 11-year cycle of solar activity (SA) and quasi-decennial oscillations (QDOs) of total ozone content (TOC). For globally average TOC values, the QDO maxima coincide in phase with the solar-activity maxima, and amplitude variations of TOC correlate with those of the 11-year solar cycle. According to the analysis of amplitude and phase of QDOs for the zonal average TOC fields, a QDO amplitude is about 6–7 Dobson Units (DU) in the high northern and southern latitudes, and it does not exceed 2–3 DU in the tropic regions. The latitudinal TOC variations are distinguished by a delay of the quasi-decennial oscillation phase in the southern latitudes in comparison with the northern latitudes. The TOC maxima phase coincides with the SA maxima phase in the tropic regions; the TOC variations go ahead of the SA variations, on average, in moderate and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere; the TOC variations are behind the SA variations in the Southern Hemisphere. The phase delay between TOC QDO maxima in the northern and southern latitudes appears to increase in the course of time, and the TOC quasi-decennial variations in the Arctic and Antarctic subpolar regions occur approximately in an antiphase over the last two decades. 相似文献
15.
In addition to previously analyzed sediments of Cenomanian to Santonian age in the Tarfaya Sondage No. 2 well, this study presents the results of a stratigraphically younger interval of Santonian to Early Campanian age in the adjacent well Tarfaya Sondage No. 1. This interval is part of the oceanic anoxic event 3 (OAE3), which occurred mainly in the Atlantic realm. Due to known high quality source rocks related to OAEs (i.e. Cenomanian–Turonian), the investigated sample section was tested for the quality, quantity and kind of organic matter (OM), describing also the depositional environment. The study was carried out by means of (i) elemental analysis (Corg, CaCO3, TS), (ii) Rock–Eval pyrolysis, (iii) vitrinite reflectance measurements, (iv) gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and (v) GC-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Total content of organic carbon (Corg), values for the hydrogen index (HI) (mainly in the range 500–700 mg/g Corg) and S2 values (10–40 mg/g rock), support the assumption of a high petroleum generation potential in these Upper Cretaceous sediments. TS/Corg ratios as well as pristane/phytane ratios indicate variable oxygen contents during sediment deposition, representing a typical depositional setting for the Late Cretaceous and are in good agreement with previously analyzed data in the Tarfaya Basin. Phyto- and zoo-plankton were identified as marine sourced. All of the investigated Early Campanian and Santonian samples are immature with some tendencies to early maturation. These results are based on vitrinite reflectance (0.3–0.4% VRr), Tmax values (409–425 °C), production indices (PI; S1/(S1 + S2)< 0.1) and n-alkane ratios (i.e. carbon preference index). As the deposition of these sediments is time related to OAE3, the depositional environment was characterized by oxygen-deficiency or even anoxic bottom water conditions. This situation was favored during the Cretaceous greenhouse climate by limited oxygen solubility in the then warmer ocean water. Furthermore, local factors related to nutrient supply and primary bioproductivity led to the exceptionally thick, Upper Cretaceous organic matter-rich sedimentary sequence of the Tarfaya Basin. 相似文献
16.
Effect of the 11-year cycle of solar activity on characteristics of the total ozone annual variation
The goal of the paper is an analysis of changes in the amplitude and phase characteristics of the annual variation (AC) of total ozone (TO) from ground-based and satellite (TOMS) measurements and their interpretation with a two-dimensional photochemical model. According to ground-based TO measurements, two characteristic types of quasi-decadal variations in the phase of the annual harmonic (AH) of total ozone have been noted: variations in phase and antiphase with solar activity (SA). Changes in the TO AH phase opposite to solar activity variation are noted the high latitudes of the North Atlantic region and in the tropical belt, and in-phase changes are observed in the middle and subtropical latitudes of both hemispheres. Variations in the TO AH amplitude (hence, in the TO AV amplitude) and in the annual mean TO usually coincide in phase with the SA cycle. Analysis of satellite data shows that the 0-phase of the AV and the phase of the AH of the zonal mean TO at middle latitudes vary synchronously with the 11-year solar cycle. Model simulations have shown that the stratospheric ozone influx to the middle latitudes increases in the fall and winter period during a period of maximum solar activity. This dynamic mechanism accounts for up to 30% of the winter ozone increase in the ozone maximum layer in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes during the solar maximum as compared with the solar minimum. In the northern midlatitudes, the dynamic mechanism makes the main contribution to ozone changes during the latter half of winter under SA variations. The stratospheric ozone inflow change induced by SA variations affects the annual variation of ozone. 相似文献
17.
The Late Cretaceous sedimentary record of the North American Western Interior Seaway is characterized by cyclic deposition of organic carbon-rich sediments. One notable interval during the late Coniacian-Santonian is recorded by the Niobrara Formation. The organic carbon-rich interval within the Niobrara Formation has been identified as Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 3. Understanding the reason for this distribution of organic carbon within the Niobrara Formation requires a refined understanding of the source and maturity of the organic matter. In this study, we present lipid biomarker records from the USGS Portland #1 core (Cañon City, CO) to constrain the thermal maturity of the organic matter and the differing contributions of organic matter sources. Sterane and hopane thermal maturity indices indicate that the samples are somewhat immature with respect to oil formation and that there is strong agreement between different proxies for thermal maturity. Based on the distribution of n-alkanes, steranes, and hopanes, there is a significant increase in the contribution of algal organic matter during and after OAE 3, coeval with increased organic carbon accumulation. Although a consistent terrestrial contribution is observed, it is only a minor source of organic matter at the Portland core location and does not drive increased organic matter accumulation during OAE 3. Of particular note is the consistent influence of even-over-odd predominantly mid-chain length (C21 to C25) organic matter. This observation within the brackish to marine, not methanogenic WIS represents an expansion of the depositional settings in which even-over-odd predominance has been observed in mid-chain length n-alkanes. Pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) abundances are inconsistent with a redox control on Pr/Ph ratios and suggest an increase in the delivery and/or preservation of phototrophic organic matter as the source for pristane and phytane in the Portland core. 相似文献
18.
A. N. Gruzdev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2008,44(3):319-333
Diurnal and annual variations in the NO2 total content (TC), the effect of its decrease owing to the products of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, its variations during an 11-year cycle of solar activity, and its linear trends are analyzed on the basis of data obtained from the ground-based spectrometric measurements of the NO2 TC in stratospheric vertical columns over the stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change. Latitudinal dependence of the indicated variations and trends is revealed. The annual estimates of the linear trends of the NO2 TC are found to be mostly positive for the middle and low latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere and negative for the middle and low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The maximum values of the positive and negative trends amount to ～10% per ten years. In the high and polar latitudes of both hemispheres, the annual trend estimates are statistically insignificant. Seasonal estimates of the trends may differ from their annual estimates. The trends and solar-activity effect in the NO2 TC, which were estimated by using the two-dimensional model SOCRATES, as well as the analytical estimates of a zonal mean trend of the NO2 TC, on the whole, significantly differ from the estimates obtained from the measurements. 相似文献
19.
Structure of temperature variability in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. A. Semenov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(6):687-695
The spatial structure of surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies in the extratropical latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during the 20th century is studied from the data obtained over the period 1892–1999. The expansion of the mean (over the winter and summer periods) SAT anomalies into empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) is used for analysis. It is shown that variations in the mean air temperature in the Arctic region (within the latitudes 60°–90°N) during both the winter and summer periods can be described with a high accuracy by two spatial orthogonal modes of variability. For the winter period, these are the EOF related to the leading mode of variability of large-scale atmospheric circulation in the NH, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the spatially localized (in the Arctic) EOF, which describes the Arctic warming of the mid-20th century. The expansion coefficient of this EOF does not correlate with the indices of atmospheric circulation and is hypothetically related to variations in the area of the Arctic ice cover that are due to long-period variations in the influx of oceanic heat from the Atlantic. On the whole, a significantly weaker relation to the atmospheric circulation is characteristic of the summer period. The first leading variability mode describes a positive temperature trend of the past decades, which is hypothetically related to global warming, while the second leading EOF describes a long-period oscillation. On the whole, the results of analysis suggest a significant effect of natural climatic variability on air-temperature anomalies in the NH high latitudes and possible difficulties in isolating an anthropogenic component of climate changes. 相似文献
20.
The change of sea surface temperature(SST) in the southern Indian Ocean(SIO) during the recent six decades has been analyzed based on oceanic reanalysis and model, as well as atmospheric data. The results show that a thermal regime shift in SIO during the 1960 s, which is not caught enough attentions, has been of equal magnitude to the linear warming since 1970. Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) analyses reveal that a thermal shift is combined with atmospheric changes such as the weakening of westerly during the period of 1960–1967. Inner dynamic connections can be defined that when the westerly winds turn weak, the anticyclonic wind circulation between westerly winds and the trade winds decreases, which further reduces the SST to a negative peak in this period. It is noted that the shifts in the 1960 s are also evident for Southern Hemisphere. For example, subtropical high and the entire westerly winds belt at high latitudes both change dramatically in the 1960 s. This large-scaled process maybe link to the change of southern annular mode(SAM). 相似文献