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通过对2005年4月至9月广东近岸海域贝类81个样品的腹泻性贝毒素进行小白鼠生物法检测,结果表明:(1)DSP毒素含量值≥0.05MU/g的有34个样品,其中翡翠贻贝和牡蛎所占的比例最大;同种贝类的腹泻性贝毒素存在一定的季节差异,秋季含量最高。(2)对其中腹泻性贝毒素含量值较高的8个样品进行胃含物海洋微藻种类的鉴定,结果是波纹巴非蛤、三棱骨螺和结蚶胃含物样品中含有产腹泻性贝毒的利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima)和原甲藻(Prorocentrum sp.)。 相似文献
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首次在南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区不同生境的主要动物的食性进行分析。结果表明,在常见的２０种动物胃含物中,共鉴定出微、小型藻类８３种。不同生境的动物食物的优势种类组成是不相同的。各动物胃含量种类组成和数量与其海区生境中的优势微、小型灌类种类组成和数量基本相吻合。海洋动物摄食生、小型灌为具有季节变化,夏季虾类、鱼类的胃含物中均有出现的微、小型灌类种类高于其它季节,夏季虾类、鱼类的胃含物中均有出现的微、 相似文献
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在实验室条件下对厦门海域4种主要养殖贝类,僧帽牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、缢蛏和翡翠贻贝的滤水率进行研究.结果表明:(1)这4种贝类的滤水率范围为54～74.8cm3/(g·min),滤水率大小顺序依次为僧帽牡蛎、缢蛏、翡翠贻贝、菲律宾蛤仔;(2)单位体重滤水率与个体大小之间呈负幂函数关系(FR=aWb,FR'=aWb-1),b-1值范围在-0.435 6～-0.392之间;(3)僧帽牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔对中肋骨条藻的滤水率高于对塔马亚历山大藻和锥状施克里普藻的滤水率;(4)僧帽牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔滤水率与藻类密度之间呈现负幂函数关系(FR'=aDb-1),其b-1值分别为-0.143和-0.215 2. 相似文献
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《中国海洋湖沼学报》 《海洋科学》2012,36(6):127-129
Pigment characterization for the 2011 bloom in Qin-huangdao implicated"brown tide"events in China孔凡洲,于仁成等:渤海秦皇岛沿岸海域近年来发生大规模藻华,对贝类养殖业构成巨大危害,但藻华原因种(一种细胞大小约2μm的微藻)一直未能鉴定。通过对2011年该海域藻华期间浮游植物色素的分析发现,高含量的19-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素是最为突出的特征色素,据此判断藻华原因种应为海金藻类 相似文献
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于2013年12月3日清晨、正午、傍晚采集了大亚湾大鹏澳海域3个站位的微表层和次表层水样,经过三级分级过滤(小型:20μm;微型:2.7~20μm;微微型:2.7μm)后,对其进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)色素分析,通过藻类色素化学分类法(CHEMTAX)分析不同浮游植物对Chl a的贡献,研究了微表层及次表层光合色素粒径特征及浮游植物群落结构差异。结果表明,冬季大亚湾海域水体中存在的浮游植物光合色素主要有17种,以岩藻黄素和Chl a含量较高。微表层总Chl a平均浓度为0.797μg/L,略高于次表层的0.714μg/L,不存在显著性差异(P0.05);微表层和次表层Chl a含量清晨最高,傍晚次之,正午最低。微表层不同粒径浮游植物对Chl a的贡献率从大到小依次为小型、微型、微微型浮游植物,分别为80.7%,10.1%和9.2%。CHEMTAX分析结果得出,冬季该海域硅藻占绝对优势,甲藻、定鞭藻、青绿藻、蓝藻、隐藻所占比重相差不大。微表层中定鞭藻、青绿藻和蓝藻等较小粒径浮游植物种群所占比重高于次表层,说明相对于次表层,微表层中的浮游植物群落有小型化趋势。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(4)
2013年采集了上海港20艘国际航线船舶的压载水样品,对压载水中浮游植物的种类、丰度进行了分析,同时分析了包括温度、盐度、pH、水龄、溶解氧(DO)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、余氯(TRO)在内的水质指标,并对浮游植物丰度和水质指标进行相关性分析。本次调查共检出浮游植物3门32属83种(含变种或变型),其中硅藻门30属80种,金藻门1属2种,甲藻门1属1种,硅藻门种类数占浮游植物总种类数96.4%,未检出产毒藻类和疑似产毒藻类。各船舶压载水中浮游植物种类数在0~22种之间变动,浮游植物的平均丰度为(3.82±1.13)×103/L,常见种(出现率≥30%)为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum Cleve)(出现率:60%)、细弱圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus subtilis)(出现率:45%)、条纹小环藻(Cyclotella striata)(出现率:30%)。此外,虹彩圆筛藻(C.oculusiridis)和小型园筛藻(C.minor)的出现频率均高于20%。此次调查共鉴定赤潮藻21种,全部隶属于硅藻门。结果显示,浮游植物丰度与压载水的盐度和溶氧呈显著相关。在外海压载的压载水的中所携带的浮游植物种类和丰度与在港口压载的压载水所携带的浮游植物种类和丰度无显著差异(P0.05)。 相似文献
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杭州西湖浮游藻类的种类组成和数量变动 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文根据1985年2月至1986年2月对西湖浮游藻类所作的周年调查资料,就西湖浮游藻类的种类组成、数量变动及其与环境因子的关系作了研究。在20个测站260余号样品中,共鉴定出浮游藻类7门92属229种、变种和变型。优势种类为水华束丝藻、螺纽鞘丝藻、大螺旋藻、铜绿微囊藻、弯曲尖头藻、微小平裂藻、球胞鱼腥藻、克罗脆杆藻、连结脆杆藻和颗粒直链藻。西湖浮游藻类年均值为614×10~5个/升,并且以蓝藻占绝对优势,绿藻、硅藻次之。浮游藻类密度与透明度的(?)变化成负相关。 相似文献
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本文对南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区微、小型藻类的种类组成、生态类群、分布特点等进行了较详细的分析研究。经鉴定共有微、小型藻类４５９种,在海水和海洋底栖沉积物中发现的有２８３种;泥滩、沙滩、岩礁潮间带中发现的有２８１种;两者共同出现的有１０５种。其中,硅藻类占７１．２４％,蓝藻类占１３．９４％,甲藻类占１２．６４％,绿藻类和金藻类分别占１．５３％和０．６５％。这些种类大都为本区的新记录,为我国海洋微、小型藻类首次记录的有３０种。根据种类组成、分布特点和温度性质,划分为三个生态类群：广布性类群、暖水性类群、温带性类群。此外,根据生境或生活方式不同,划分为两个生态类群：海洋浮游藻类、海洋底栖藻类或附生藻类;根据盐度的不同,又可划分为：淡水藻类、半咸水藻类、海洋藻类;还可以根据藻类个体大小的不同,划分为两个生态类群：海洋微型藻类、海洋小型藻类。 相似文献
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中国近海藻毒素及有毒微藻产毒原因种调查研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
麻痹性贝类毒素在我国近海污染问题已十分突出,基本呈现逐年加剧的趋势。20世纪90年代,南海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重; 21世纪初,北黄海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重;近几年,渤海和福建近海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重;可产生麻痹性贝类毒素的微藻有亚历山大藻和裸甲藻等。采用小鼠生物法检测我国近海腹泻性贝类毒素超标率32%左右,采用液相色谱/质谱法检测,仅有3起超标的研究报道;现行小鼠生物法检测腹泻性贝类毒素假阳性问题十分突出,应尽快废除;腹泻性贝类毒素均是脂溶性的,脂溶性海洋生物毒素在我国近海常年可检出,偶有虾夷扇贝毒素和鳍藻毒素超标现象。可产生脂溶性毒素微藻有鳍藻和原甲藻及网状原角藻等。失忆性贝类毒素在我国近海常有检出,但无超标现象;产毒微藻有拟菱形藻等。西加鱼毒素在我国南海污染较重,但毒素标准物质的匮乏,限制了西加鱼毒素的调查研究;至今尚未确定产生西加鱼毒素的微藻。酶联免疫吸附法和液相色谱串联质谱法相结合已成为藻毒素快速准确检测成熟的技术,逐渐代替小鼠生物法和液相色谱法。 相似文献
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柔鱼亚科(Ommastrephinae)近缘种鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthisoualaniensis)和茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)为重要的大洋性经济头足类,二者在东太平洋赤道海域均有分布。研究以同一航次捕获的两种头足类为研究对象,结合传统胃含物分析和DNA条形码技术对二者食物组成及其差异开展研究,以分析同域近缘头足类间的摄食习性及差异。结果表明,鸢乌贼和茎柔鱼均以鱼类、头足类和甲壳类为主要食物来源,ANOVA显示,两者在Shannon多样性指数和饵料生物头足类和鱼类N%上均存在显著差异, SIMPER分析进一步表明,种间胃含物组成差异最主要体现在鱼类的种类组成和个数百分比上。研究结论直观反映了同域近缘头足类物种食物特化的现象,为后续探究头足类近缘种共存机制提供了数据支持。 相似文献
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我国近海有毒藻和藻毒素问题的研究现状与展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋中的一部分微藻能够产生藻毒素,导致鱼、贝类等养殖动物染毒或死亡,甚至危及人类健康和海洋生态安全。近20年来,随着对有害藻华(Harmful algal bloom, HAB)问题关注程度的不断提高和研究手段的快速发展,对我国近海有毒藻和藻毒素的认识也在不断深入。本文针对常见的几类藻毒素,从贝类中藻毒素污染状况、毒素来源、有毒藻藻华状况等角度,对我国当前相关研究工作进展进行了综述。大量研究表明,麻痹性贝毒毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PSTs)和腹泻性贝毒毒素(diarrhetic shellfish toxins, DSTs)在我国近海最为常见,其中,麻痹性贝毒主要由有毒亚历山大藻(Alexandrium spp.)产生,产毒藻种常见于南海海湾、福建沿海、长江口邻近海域、海州湾、北黄海和秦皇岛近海等,中毒事件也时有发生。常见的大田软海绵酸、扇贝毒素等腹泻性贝毒毒素多由鳍藻(Dinophysis spp.)产生,我国近海贝类沾染藻毒素的现象也非常常见。近年来,随着高效液相色谱和质谱技术的发展,在我国近海发现了越来越多的有毒藻和藻毒素。在对文献进行综合分析的基础上,简单探讨了有毒藻与藻毒素对海产品食品安全的影响及风险,以及未来研究发展方向。 相似文献
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Stomachs of 151 sperm whales were examined at the Tory Channel whaling station in 1963 and 1964. In nine stomachs examined quantitatively there was a 1.69:1 ratio of squid to fish by weight. Some gastroliths were found. The weight of fresh food varied from 12.70 to 105 kg. Two samples of lower mandibles from squids totalling 2,118 specimens were separated into 11 types and subtypes with the help of a previously published key by M. R. Clarke. These types have been designated: Ai, Aii, Aiii; Bi, Bii, Biii; and C, D, E, F, and G. Some beaks (2.36% of the total) could not be grouped into these categories. Onychoteuthid squid made up the bulk of the stomach contents by number and weight. The following squid were identified: Nototodarus sloanei, Histioteuthis cookiana, Architeuthis sp., and Moroteuthis sp. The most common fish in the stomachs were: Polypriori oxygeneios (groper), Genypterus blacodes (ling), Hoplostethus sp., an unidentified eel, and Jordanidia solandri (southern kingfish). Other species recorded included Zeus faber (John Dory), Koinga kirki (spined dogfish), Myctophus humboldti (lantern fish), Echinorhinus cooki, and Echinorhinus sp. or Dalatias sp. Quantitative estimates suggested that commercial species of fish were usually less than 32% of the contents by weight. The feeding habits are discussed. 相似文献
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Since the late 1980s, the small-sized non-commercial flatfish species solenette (Buglossidium luteum) and scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna) have increased in abundance in the southern North Sea. Because these species are considered as possible competitors for prey of commercial flatfish, this study aimed at advancing knowledge of their feeding ecology.Between January 2009 and January 2010 stomach contents of solenette and scaldfish and benthic infauna were sampled seasonally in a study area in the German Bight. The objectives were to investigate the seasonal variability of feeding activity and diet composition of both flatfish species related to benthic prey availability.For both flatfish, the highest feeding activity was found in summer, at the same time that the highest prey densities occurred in the study area. A reduced feeding activity was observed during the winter of 2010, but not in the winter of 2009, probably related to higher 2009 water temperatures.In all seasons, diet composition of solenette was dominated by meiofauna, mainly harpacticoid copepods. Macrofauna prey species, namely juveniles of bivalves and echinoderms became important in spring. An increase in amphipods and cumaceans was found in the stomach contents during summer and autumn, simultaneously with their increased abundance in the benthic infauna. In contrast, polychaetes were rarely found in the diet, but dominated the infauna during all seasons.Diet composition of scaldfish was dominated by larger and mobile prey, and, during all seasons, was mainly comprised of crustaceans. Amphipods characterised the diet in both winters, while decapods such as Crangon spp. and Liocarcinus spp. were the dominant prey from spring to autumn. Additionally, juveniles of flatfish (Pleuronectids) and bivalves were found in the scaldfish diet in spring, replaced by cumaceans in summer. No dietary overlap between both flatfish species was found across seasons, indicating partitioning of prey resources between solenette and scaldfish. Their different feeding strategies and prey preferences, in turn were influenced by the seasonal variability of available prey. 相似文献
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舟山东极岛潮间带贝类生态学初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解东极岛潮间带贝类生态状况,为浙江海洋生态系统基本群落结构提供基础资料,于2010年4月至2011年4月的大潮期间,在舟山东极岛潮间带采集贝类,调查了解贝类的种类组成、数量分布、生态特点、多样性情况。研究分析发现,东极岛潮间带贝类33种,隶属3纲7目20科。根据温度适应性质分,东极岛潮间带贝类属于3个类群：广温广布种15种,占45.5%;温带种4种,占12.1%;亚热带种14种,占42.4%。东极岛潮间带贝类四季平均生物量为1541.8 g/m2,由高潮带向低潮带呈递增趋势;四季平均栖息密度为925.2个/m2,以中潮带最高,向高潮带和低潮带递减。季节变化中生物量由大到小依次为夏季、春季、冬季、秋季,栖息密度由大到小依次为夏季、秋季、冬季、春季。多样性指数(H′)为0.9~3.0,均匀度指数(J)为0.2~0.8。结果表明东极岛种类丰富,生物量和栖息密度较高,说明东极岛地理环境较好,适宜贝类生存;物种分布均匀,生态环境稳定。 相似文献
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K. Raab L.A.J. Nagelkerke C. Boerée A.D. Rijnsdorp A. Temming M. Dickey-Collas 《Journal of Sea Research》2011,65(1):131-140
The diet of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the North and Baltic Seas was studied using stomach analysis from four sampling events in different areas. Zooplanktivory was confirmed; the most frequent prey items (in over 40% of stomachs) were copepods, malacostracan larvae and fish larvae. In the Baltic Sea, Paracalanus spp. and Pseudocalanus spp. were important in relative terms; in the German Bight, Temora spp. dominated the stomach contents. Relative abundances of prey items varied with area more than absolute abundance or presence absence of items. Moreover, the level of resolution of prey categories influenced which prey categories were considered to be most important in driving variability in stomach content. Anchovy diet is broad across the seasons, years and areas sampled, suggesting that it is not a specialist feeder in the North Sea. The similarity of diet between anchovy and other clupeids, as well as anchovy consumption of larval fish, makes the new increased anchovy population a potential intraguild predator of commercial species like herring. 相似文献
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Sofia Loureiro Esther Garcs Margarita Fernndez-Tejedor Dolors Vaqu Jordi Camp 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):539-549
Samples were collected during one annual cycle (April 2007–March 2008) at Alfacs Bay (NW Mediterranean Sea) central station in order to assess the influence of organic nutrients in the growth of the microalgae assemblage, with special reference to Pseudo-nitzschia spp. This potentially toxic diatom forms natural and recurrent blooms in the study area. To assess further the relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and nutrients an enrichment experiment with high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMWDOM) was performed with field samples obtained during a Pseudo-nitzschia spp. bloom. HMWDOM was extracted from water collected at Alfacs Bay. Five bioassays were prepared: N + P (seawater with addition of nitrate and phosphate), DOM (addition of HMWDOM), (−N + P) + DOM (nitrogen deficient, with addition of phosphate and HMWDOM), (N + P) + DOM (addition of nitrate, phosphate and HMWDOM), seawater control (without added nutrients), and B + DOM (control of bacteria, without microalgae). The experiment was run in batch mode over 4 days. Results from the field study revealed that the concentrations of organic nutrients mostly surpassed the inorganic pool. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was the most frequent and abundant taxa of the microalgae community. The micro-planktonic assemblage was arranged according to a seasonal factor (ANOSIM and cluster analysis). DON, nitrate and silicate were the most important abiotic parameters contributing to the dissimilarities between seasons (SIMPER analysis) and thereby potentially influencing the seasonal distribution of microalgae in the representative station. In the experimental investigation, Pseudo-nitzschia cells increased by the end of the experiment in the DOM bioassay but no respective increase was observed for chlorophyll a. This could point to an acquisition of nutrients through the DOM fraction that would conjointly reduce the need of chlorophyll a. The data obtained suggest that organic nutrients may exert an important role in the development of microalgae, including Pseudo-nitzschia spp., in the selected location. 相似文献