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1.
Laura A. Geracitano Jos M. Monserrat Adalto Bianchini 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):625
Laeonereis acuta was seasonally collected in an industrially polluted site (P) and in an unpolluted site (UP) at the Patos Lagoon estuary (southern Brazil). Glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity (U/mg protein) was determined in five groups of worms from each site. Metallothionein (MT – μmol GSH/g ww) and lipid peroxides content (LPO – nmoles of cumene hydroperoxide/g ww) were also measured. Annual mean values for CAT (UP=3.7±0.3; P=5.7±0.6), GST (UP=0.034±0.003; P=0.045±0.004) and MT (UP=0.15±0.02; P=0.23±0.03) were higher (p<0.05) in worms from the P site. In autumn, CAT activity was higher (p<0.05) in worms from the P site (7.6 ± 1.3) than in those from the UP site (3.6 ± 0.4). In summer, MT concentration was higher in worms from the P site (0.37 ± 0.03) than in those from the UP site (0.19 ± 0.01). No significant difference (p>0.05) in the LPO content was observed in worms from the different sites or collected in different seasons. These results indicate that worms from the polluted site showed higher antioxidant responses than those from the unpolluted site, sufficient to prevent oxidative damage in terms of LPO. 相似文献
2.
Geracitano LA Bocchetti R Monserrat JM Regoli F Bianchini A 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(1):1-17
Acute (4 days) and chronic (14 days) effects of copper were evaluated on the antioxidant defenses of Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta) collected in unpolluted (UP) and polluted (P) sites. In the acute assay (125 and 250 micro g Cu/l) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities did not change, whereas catalase (CAT) increased in worms from both the sites. Lipid peroxidation was higher in copper exposed worms from the P site. In the chronic assay (62.5 micro g Cu/l) polychaetes from the P site showed enhanced activities of SOD, GST and CAT and higher contents of metallothionein-like proteins and sulfhydrils compared to worms from UP. Differences in responses between polychaetes from UP and P sites suggest that organisms from the polluted site, P, are more susceptible to oxidative stress conditions. 相似文献
3.
Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) was collected in an unpolluted (UP) and an polluted (P) site at the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil) and maintained under control conditions (UPC and PC, respectively) or exposed to waterborne copper (UPCu and PCu; 500 microg Cu/l), for 48 h. Four groups (aaUPC, aaPC, aaUPCu, and aaPCu) were also pre-exposed for 48 h to ascorbic acid (aa; 0.1 mM) before copper exposure. Histological and morphological alterations, as well as oxygen consumption changes were evaluated. Independently of the sampling site and the pre-exposure to the ascorbic acid, morphological abnormalities were evident in more than 80% of worms exposed to copper. Conspicuous histological changes (coeloma obliteration, cuticle separation from the epidermis, and absence of dorsal vessel) were also observed. In addition, PCu worms showed loss of the digestive epithelium and coiling behavior. Similar oxygen consumption values were observed in control and copper exposed worms. 相似文献
4.
L. A. Geracitano C. Luquet J. M. Monserrat A. Bianchini 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):263
Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) was collected in an unpolluted (UP) and an polluted (P) site at the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil) and maintained under control conditions (UPC and PC, respectively) or exposed to waterborne copper (UPCu and PCu; 500 μg Cu/l), for 48 h. Four groups (aaUPC, aaPC, aaUPCu, and aaPCu) were also pre-exposed for 48 h to ascorbic acid (aa; 0.1 mM) before copper exposure. Histological and morphological alterations, as well as oxygen consumption changes were evaluated. Independently of the sampling site and the pre-exposure to the ascorbic acid, morphological abnormalities were evident in more than 80% of worms exposed to copper. Conspicuous histological changes (coeloma obliteration, cuticle separation from the epidermis, and absence of dorsal vessel) were also observed. In addition, PCu worms showed loss of the digestive epithelium and coiling behavior. Similar oxygen consumption values were observed in control and copper exposed worms. 相似文献
5.
Ventura EC Gaelzer LR Zanette J Marques MR Bainy AC 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):775-779
The initial sampling in the Marine Monitoring Program (MOMAM), coordinated by the Ministry of Marine Affairs (IEAPM), was performed along the southeast coast of Brazil. Orthopristis ruber samples were collected at Guanabara, Sepetiba and Ilha Grande Bays. Microsomal CYP1A levels and cytosolic cholinesterase (ChE), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were measured in the liver of these fish according to established procedures. CAT activity and CYP1A content were significantly higher (P < or = 0.05) in fish caught at Guanabara Bay, which might be due to higher levels of peroxisome proliferators and Ah receptor agonists, respectively, at this site compared to the other sites. Also, lower GST activity was observed in fish from this site, which may possibly be related to the presence of oxidative-stress inducing compounds. 相似文献
6.
Previous studies showed that adult and 6-month-old young-of-year Fundulus heteroclitus from a polluted site have enlarged thyroid follicles and (in adults) higher thyroxine levels compared to fish from an unpolluted reference site. This study's purpose was to discover when in development these differences begin to appear. For 15-20 mm fish, the average follicle size of the polluted population was significantly larger than that of the reference population, similar to the pattern found in older fish. However, for the smaller size (12-14.5 mm), the average follicle size of fish from the polluted site was significantly smaller. Although not statistically significant, radioimmunoassay measurements of thyroxine levels were consistent with follicle differences: in larger sizes (20-25 and 15-20 mm) fish from the polluted site had higher thyroxine levels but the smaller size (12-14.5 mm) had lower levels. Therefore, the thyroid abnormalities seen in adults begin when the fish are approximately 15-20 mm long. However, the follicle size reversal for the 12-14.5 mm range may also indicate abnormality at that developmental stage. 相似文献
7.
Andrew D. Laurie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):869-877
Metallothionein (MT) is a protein found in most eukaryotes where its primary role is the regulation of homeostasis of the essential metals copper and zinc. MTs have an additional protective role through their binding of toxic metals such as cadmium and mercury. Increased expression of MT in response to harmful levels of these metals has been demonstrated for several aquatic species. In this study, the expression of MT in the liver tissue of the New Zealand common bully Gobiomorphus cotidianus was measured by quantifying MT mRNA. A statistically significant increase in MT expression was observed in fish exposed to copper for 48 h, but not those exposed to zinc. Field sampling of common bullies showed a wide variation in individual hepatic MT mRNA levels which did not correlate with fish age, sex, or sampling location. A comparison of two populations of common bullies from a polluted and a control site showed a two‐fold higher mean MT mRNA level in fish from the polluted site. Implications for using MT expression in the common bully as a bio‐monitoring tool are discussed. 相似文献
8.
The ability of Fundulus from a polluted environment to capture a prey organism, the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), was compared to that of Fundulus from an unpolluted reference site. Fish from the unpolluted site took significantly more prey (p < 0.1) during the first 5–10 min of each trial than fish from the polluted site.Analysis of the neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites, DOPAC, homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxy-indolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebellums and medullas was performed by HPLC. Mummichogs from the polluted site had significantly lower concentrations of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIAA in their medullas, but not cerebellums, than fish from the reference site (p < 0.05). Concentrations of DA, DOPAC and HVA were not different between populations in either part of the brain. Neurotransmitter concentrations were shown to be independent of size and therefore, presumably, age.Analysis of Hg in livers and brains of these mummichogs by atomic absorption spectrophotometry showed significant differences between the two populations for both organs. Earlier work showed that the behavioral deficit could be elicited by Hg; thus, this was the putative neurotoxic agent. However, there are other candidates which may contribute to neurotoxicity in the study site. 相似文献
9.
Vitellins (Vn) are the major egg yolk proteins that constitute an important energy reserve for mollusc embryos. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the relative levels of sugars, lipids, phosphates, and labile IIb metals and calcium normally associated with Vn would differ in clam populations living at contaminated sites. Softshell clams (Mya arenaria) were collected at three sites in the area of the Saguenay Fjord: a marina, a municipal sewer outfall zone, and a reference site. The condition factor (weight:length ratio), metallothionein-like proteins, cytochrome P450 1A1 activity and DNA damage were all determined in the clam's digestive gland. Levels of total sugars, lipids, alkali-labile phosphates, proteins, and labile zinc and calcium were determined in female gonad homogenates and in purified Vn. The results show that clam gonads at the contaminated site by a marina displayed a lower index of gonad activity than the reference site. In addition, the condition factor was significantly lower at the marina site as compared to the reference site, with a concomitant increase in DNA damage and metallothionein (MT) induction. In fact, the condition factor was significantly correlated with DNA damage (R = -0.413, P = 0.045) and MT levels (R = -0.622, P = 0.03). Homogenates of female gonads were found to contain higher levels of labile IIb metals and calcium, with lower lipid content at the marina site compared to the reference site, and much higher levels of alkali-labile phosphates (ALP) and calcium at the municipal outfall site. Vn from the marina site were significantly higher in labile IIb metals but lipid content appeared to be somewhat lower than at the reference site. Vn from the municipal site were found to be highly phosphorylated, with higher levels of lipids and calcium. These results suggest that the chemical composition of the gonads and Vn are altered in contaminated sites. 相似文献
10.
Altered glutathione S-transferase catalytic activities in female brown bullheads from a contaminated central Florida lake. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus) are a demersal freshwater species that can be found in a number of polluted ecosystems. The purpose of the present study was to determine the overall capacity for in vitro glutathione S-transferase (GST) detoxification by brown bullheads, and to see if bullhead GST catalysis was altered in bullheads from a polluted site. Brown bullhead liver cytosolic GSTs catalyzed the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) over a large range of substrate concentrations, with apparent Km and Vmax for CDNB at fixed nucleophile (glutathione, GSH) concentrations of 1.8-1.9 mM and 12.1-14.6 mumol CDNB conjugated/min/mg, respectively. Bullhead GSTs were also highly active toward other substrates such as ethacrynic acid (ECA), delta 5-androstene-3,17-dione (ADI), and nitrobutyl chloride (NBC). Initial rate GST catalytic activities toward CDNB, NBC, ECA, and ADI were significantly lower in female bullheads from a contaminated lake (Lake Apopka Marsh) as compared to female bullheads inhabiting a nearby control site (Lake Woodruff). No site differences were observed with respect to male bullhead GST activities. These studies suggest that brown bullheads efficiently carry out GST conjugation of diverse electrophilic substrates. However, bullhead GST catalysis may be compromised in bullheads inhabiting polluted ecosystems. 相似文献
11.
Shaw JP Large AT Livingstone DR Doyotte A Renger J Chipman JK Peters LD 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):505-509
Mytilus edulis were collected from a reference site (Port Quin) and an urban/industrial contaminated site (New Brighton) in the UK during June 1999. Levels of PCBs (sigma7 congeners) and CB-138 were determined to be, respectively, 21 fold and 16 fold higher in the mussel digestive glands from New Brighton. Levels of CYPIA-immunopositive protein were 1.5 fold higher (P < 0.05) at the polluted site but the levels of DNA strand breaks were 1.3 fold higher (P<0.05) at the reference site. Mussels from Port Quin were placed in cages at both sites and both transplanted and indigenous populations sampled in September (13 weeks). Mussels transplanted from the reference site to the industrial site, reported elevated levels of CYP1A-immunopositive protein (1.4 fold; P < 0.05) and higher levels of DNA damage (1.2 fold; P < 0.05) compared to caged populations at the reference site and a PCB loading similar to the populations from the polluted site. Moreover, transplanted mussels had DNA damage 1.8 fold greater (P < 0.05) than indigenous mussels at the transplant site. These changes were small but significant when compared to the observed temporal changes in the indigenous populations. 相似文献
12.
R. van der Oost S. C. C. Lopes H. Komen K. Satumalay R. van den Bos H. Heida N. P. E. Vermeulen 《Marine environmental research》1998,46(1-5)
In the present study the bioaccumulation of poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) as well as the responses of a suite of biochemical parameters were investigated in a standardized carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish line. Carps were caged for 2 to 8 weeks at two Amsterdam freshwater sites: the relatively unpolluted Outer IJ and the heavily polluted Volgermeerpolder. The primary objective of the experiments was to develop a reliable and reproducible method to monitor the inland water pollution and to classify the environmental quality of freshwater sites. The highest tissue levels of organic trace pollutants were generally found in carp that was caged for at least four weeks at the polluted site. Hepatic phase I enzymes showed the highest pollution-induced responses, while phase II enzymes and serum transaminases were less sensitive. The antioxidant enzymes showed virtually no response to pollutants. In order to assess effects on the balance between bioactivation and detoxication the ratio between phase I (EROD) and phase II (GST or UDPGT) activities was introduced as a biotransformation index (BTI). Highest BTI values were observed in carp that was caged for 4 to 6 weeks at the polluted site. The BTI values decreased after eight weeks of exposure due to elevated phase II activities. 相似文献
13.
FU Jinghu ZHANG Wenbing MAI Kangsen FENG Xiuni XU Wei LIUFU Zhiguo TAN Beiping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(5):141-150
1 IntroductionHighly reactive oxygen species (ROS) such assuperoxide anion radical (O2-), hydroxyl radical(HO·), singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydrogen perox-ide (H2O2) are continuously produced in the courseof normal aerobic cellular metabolism. It is widely… 相似文献
14.
Sea-Nine 211™ is a new biocide specifically formulated for antifouling paints and being considered to have a low environmental impact. Even with a short environmental half-life, this compound can cause toxic effects on marine organisms. This study used PAM fluorometry and biomarkers of oxidative stress (GST, CAT and LPO) to monitor potential toxic effects of Sea-Nine 211™ on fragments of the soft coral Sarcophyton cf. glaucum. After exposure to concentrations of 1–100 μg l−1 for 72 h, CAT activity was inhibited under the two highest concentrations, being in accordance with the activity of GST. LPO activity (as TBARS) and photosynthetic efficiency of endosymbiotic zooxanthellae were not significantly affected. These results show that PAM fluorometry alone cannot detect the full effects of Sea-Nine 211™ on Sarcophyton cf. glaucum and should be used together with other biomarkers. This holobiont driven approach to evaluate chemical toxicity in photosynthetic corals is therefore recommended for biocides which are not photosystem II inhibitors. 相似文献
15.
Marco A. Liñán‐Cabello Laura A. Flores‐Ramírez Tania Zenteno‐Savin Norma O. Olguín‐Monroy Ramón Sosa‐Avalos Manuel Patiño‐Barragan Aramis Olivos‐Ortiz 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(3):407-417
The physiological responses of the coral Pocillopora capitata to environmental conditions common in winter and summer were studied in 2007 during February–March (winter) and June–July (summer) at La Boquita reef (Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico). Shallow and deep sampling stations were established at different distances from a small jetty built next to the Juluapan Lagoon. We analyzed superoxide radicals () and lipid peroxidants (TBARS); the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST); chlorophyll a (Chl a), zooxanthellae density (ZD); and mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs). Our results showed that the , TBARS, CAT, GST, MAAs, and Chl a, levels were significantly higher in summer (P < 0.05); no seasonal difference was found for GPx, GR or ZD. We found significant differences (P < 0.05) in winter only for Chl a and ZD at shallow sites and, in contrast, for at deeper sites. The results of this study indicate that increasing temperature and radiation associated with seasonal changes (from winter to summer), the efficiency of the enzymes GST, CR and GPX, and the production of MAAs together form a powerful mechanism for P. capitata to offset the detrimental effects of environmental change. 相似文献
16.
Dab (Limanda limanda) were sampled from a number of polluted and unpolluted areas in British coastal waters. The 32P-postlabelling assay was used to analyse the level of aromatic/hydrophobic DNA adducts in pooled samples of liver tissue. The mean levels of DNA adducts detected from areas known to receive anthropogenic pollutants ranged from 4.0 to 26.8 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides, with all sites containing samples displaying DNA adduct profiles consisting of diagonal radioactive zones. In contrast no DNA adducts were detectable in samples from an unpolluted reference site. The ranking of polluted sites based on DNA adduct levels did not correspond with the ranking of sites based on sediment associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels, highlighting the problem of linking the presence of contamination with detectable biological responses. No correlation could be found in this study between EROD activity and the level of DNA adducts. 相似文献
17.
Metallothioneins and cytosolic metals in Neomysis integer exposed to cadmium at different salinities
In the present study the induction of metallothioneins (MTs) and its relation to cytosolic metal concentrations (Zn, Cu and Cd) in the euryhaline crustacean Neomysis integer exposed to Cd at different salinities was studied. N. integer was exposed to the same free cadmium ion activity of 5.74 x 10(-9) mol l(-1) (i.e. 1/5 of the 96 h LC(50) value expressed as cadmium activity) in hypo-osmotic (5 psu), isosmotic (16 psu) and hyper-osmotic media (25 psu) for 7 days. In this way, the effect of salinity on cadmium speciation was eliminated and therefore the physiological effect of salinity on Cd accumulation and MT induction could be studied. The accumulation of cytosolic Cd in N. integer changed with salinity from 1.11+/-0.05 micromol l(-1) at 5 psu up to 1.43+/-0.17 micromol l(-1) at 25 psu. This could indicate that the physiological response of euryhaline estuarine invertebrates like N. integer to salinity changes can influence the rate of trace metal uptake from solution. While the salinity changes did not cause significant differences in cytosolic Zn concentrations (mean value of all tested salinities: 34.4+/-2.8 micromol l(-1)), an inverse relationship between salinity and cytosolic Cu concentration was observed. The highest concentration of 15.7+/-2.3 micromol Cul(-1) was determined at 5 psu and the lowest 10.9+/-1.4 micromol Cul(-1) at 25 psu. This could point to a possible relationship between the copper concentration and the hemocyanin metabolism in N. integer. This is the first time that differential pulse voltammetry method was applied to MT assays with N. integer. Although the exposure to Cd resulted in a higher Cd cytosolic concentration, no subsequent MT increase was detected. The significant positive correlation between MT levels and cytosolic Cu concentrations (Spearman correlation coefficient r(s)=0.356, p=0.009) implies a strong relationship between MT and Cu in N. integer. 相似文献
18.
本文探究环境低氧对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)氧化应激和能量利用指标的影响，为军曹鱼的健康养殖提供参考依据。通过设置低氧胁迫–恢复实验，将军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体质量(220.67±20.73)g)在低氧((2.64±0.25)mg/L)胁迫3 h及复氧((6.34±0.15)mg/L)8 h、24 h和48 h后，测定其肝脏和肌肉组织的氧化应激与能量利用指标。结果显示，低氧胁迫后，肝脏中丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase，CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(Glutathione Reductase，GR)活力均显著低于对照组(p<0.05)，乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate Dehydrogenase，LDH)活性显著高于对照组(p <0.05)；肌肉中MDA和脂质过氧化物(Lipid Peroxidase，LPO)活性均显著低于对照组(p<0.05)，超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase，SOD)和LDH活性均显著高于对照组(p<0.05)；肌糖原和肝糖原含量极显著低于对照组(p<0.01)。复氧过程中，肝脏和肌肉中MDA、LPO、SOD、CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase，GPx)和GR含量均出现不同程度的升高；肝糖原在复氧24 h后显著高于对照组(p<0.05)，复氧48 h后显著低于对照组(p<0.05)；肌糖原在复氧8 h、24 h和48 h后均显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。研究表明，低氧胁迫能够对军曹鱼幼鱼机体造成一定的氧化损伤，肝脏和肌肉组织的酶活力和能量供应发生变化；低氧胁迫后的再复氧环境，对机体造成更为强烈的氧化损伤，可通过自身生理调节逐渐恢复到正常水平。 相似文献
19.
Perch (Perca fluviatilis), were sampled from unpolluted and polluted areas in Swedish coastal waters. The level of aromatic/hydrophobic DNA adducts in liver tissue was analyzed using the nucleas P1 version of the32P-post-labeling assay. The level of total adducts measured in the individual fish from polluted areas was between 6 and 22 nmol of adducts/mol of nucleotides, and in the fish from the reference area between 0.2 and 0.6 nmol of adducts/mol of nucleotides. 相似文献
20.
Differential expression of alpha-like glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoforms in catfish intestine.
Previous studies suggested that dietary composition affected glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in catfish intestine, and this activity varied along the intestine. In this study, catfish were fed a semi-purified diet or a commercial chow for at least 2 weeks. GST activity, percent protein cross-reacting with anti-catfish GST pi antibody, and immuno-cross-reactivity with antibodies specific for human alpha, mu, pi and theta class GSTs were determined in cytosol prepared from sections of proximal, medial, and distal intestine. The bulk of GST activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and ethacrynic acid, and the percent protein cross-reacting with anti-catfish GST pi were in the more proximal segments and dropped off distally in the two diet groups. The percent of cross-reacting GST protein in the proximal section of fish fed on commercial chow was significantly higher (4.3 +/- 1.7%) than in fish fed purified diet (2.3 +/- 0.2%). Further Western blot analysis revealed a differential expression of GST isoforms only in the distal segment of fish fed commercial chow that recognized human anti-alpha GST antibody. Distal intestinal segments of catfish exposed to 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) and beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) also revealed expression of distinct alpha-like GST isoforms. Results strongly suggest the distal segment as a site for potential biomarkers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)- and co-planar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-type contaminants. 相似文献