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提出了一类新型毫米波大功率微波器件——脊加载曲折波导行波管,推导出了引入电子注后的"热"色散方程.通过数值求解此方程,研究了加脊尺寸和电子注参数对小信号增益影响.计算结果表明:通过适当的尺寸设计和工作参数的选择,此结构在Kα波段具有18.51%的3 dB增益带宽和1.15 dB/周期的增益;相比于常规曲折波导结构,脊加载结构在保证一定带宽的情况下,具有更高的增益和电子效率;为了进一步提高增益,可以适当增加脊宽度和高度,也可在一定范围内增加电子注电流. 相似文献
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跨海大桥桥墩基础施工若采用双壁钢围堰,则在其外壁进行开孔可有效减小波浪力,有利于降低钢围堰的制作造价和提高基础施工的安全性。以某跨海大桥基础施工采用的双壁圆形钢吊箱围堰为研究对象,引入波浪力折减系数Kd对消波效果进行评价,采用数值方法着重分析波浪参数和围堰自身结构设计参数对消波效果的影响规律。结果表明:Kd随波陡增大呈先快后缓的增大趋势,波陡超过0.032后,消波效果基本不再变化;随着相对水深的增大,Kd呈先减小后增大并趋缓的规律,在相对水深d/L约为0.455时取得最小值;Kd随开孔率的增大呈线性减小,开孔率越大,消波效果越好。随着双壁间距s的增大,Kd总体上呈减小趋势,且减小速率先快后慢;双壁间距较小时,开孔的消波作用较弱。开孔率和双壁间距两种因素间存在耦合作用,两者越大,其耦合作用也越强。围堰设计中可适当增大开孔率并选取合适的双壁间距以得到最佳消波效果。 相似文献
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提出了斜入射分层线性各向异性等离子体电磁散射的时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,通过将二维麦克斯韦方程等价地转换为一维麦克斯韦方程,避免了用二维时域有限差分方法分析该散射问题,极大地提高了计算效率.分析推导了TEz和TMz波斜入射线性分层各向异性等离子体电磁散射的FDTD方法,然后通过该方法计算不同入射角的各向异性等离子板的电磁波反射系数,并与其解析解进行比较,结果表明该方法的准确性和有效性.最后,将该算法应用于计算涂覆分层各向异性等离子 相似文献
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海缆在长久的电力信息输送过程中，损坏故障等突发事故经常发生，研究海缆在地磁背景下环境周围产生磁异常扰动信号，确定海底海缆轨迹和埋设深度，能够在突发状况之后迅速针对该区域内的海缆进行定位，及时对海缆进行维修。基于微元磁偶极子有限元仿真建立海缆磁场模型，探究了检测距离（DCPA）、海缆长度（L）、背景磁场对海缆磁异常特性的影响规律。通过研究可知：DCPA<L 时衰减指数约为–2，3L>DCPA>L 时衰减指数约为–2.8，DCPA>3L 时衰减指数约为–3；DCPA 固定时，海缆磁异常随长度明显增加到一定程度会趋向稳定，信号发生畸变；背景磁场分量改变不仅可能改变海缆磁异常信号的强度，还可能改变其信号波形特征。 相似文献
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郑华 朱小华 Nakamura Hirohiko Park Jae-Hun Jeon Chanhyung 赵瑞祥 Nishina Ayako 张传正 Na Hann 朱泽南 Min Hong-Sik 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(7):91-106
在2015年6月至2017年6月期间，跨越庆良间水道的由2台加载压力传感器的倒置式回声仪（PIES）和5台加载压力传感器和海流计的倒置式回声仪（CPIES）组成的观测断面获得了近2年的海底压力时间序列。该时间序列中存在着显著的21天周期的振荡（Pbot21），该信号在2016年7月至10月期间尤为强烈。Pbot21与东海陆架上的风应力旋度存在较显著的3天延迟相关，其相关系数达到0.65。本文采用正压海洋模式解释了这一信号的产生、传播以及耗散过程，模式结果显示东海陆架上的风应力旋度驱动产生Pbot21并向琉球岛链传播，而深海上的风应力旋度不能驱动产生这一信号。在陆架上，Pbot21伴随21天周期的风应力旋度由海岸向东南方向传播，但由于摩擦作用，信号在离开风场后几天内即耗散。断面能否观测到Pbot21与陆架上21天周期风应力旋度场的分布相关，长江口东南方向风应力旋度驱动的Pbot21能被观测到，而长江口东北方向产生的Pbot21不能被观测到。 相似文献
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在试验水池中，开展了波浪在岛礁地形上演化问题的研究。首先在实验水池中建立了西太平洋某岛礁地形的模型，然后采用改进的JONSWAP谱，由造波机产生不同周期、波高的随机波浪。试验中观察到了不同类型畸形波生成的过程及不同波面形态的畸形波。对偏度、峰度及水深与畸形波要素Hm/Hs（Hm表示波列中的最大波高， Hs为有效波高）的关系进行了详细的分析，同时，对畸形波波高Hfr与偏度的关也进行了分析。通过对试验结果分析，发现峰度与畸形波要素i>Hm/Hs呈正相关， Hfr增大时相应的偏度也会呈现增大的趋势。此外，水深的变化剧烈时（如斜坡、海山位置）有助于畸形波的发生。 相似文献
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用B3LYP/LANL2DZ方法对ZrnPd(n =1—13)团簇的平衡几何结构、能量、频率、电子性质和磁性进行了计算.研究表明,Pd原子位于表面的异构体更为稳定,其中Zr7Pd,Zr12Pd团簇稳定性高,是幻数团簇;此外,相对于ZrnCo与ZrnFe团簇,ZrnPd团簇参与化学反应的能力较弱,化学稳定性更 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献