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1.
温度对硬壳蛤Mercenaria mercenaria(Linnaeus，1758)呼吸排泄的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
于 2 0 0 2年 1 1月— 2 0 0 3年 4月 ,采用Winkle滴定法和次溴酸盐氧化法对硬壳蛤呼吸排泄进行了研究。结果表明 ,在 5— 35℃温度范围内 ,温度和体重对硬壳蛤 (壳长 0 5— 6cm ,软体部干重 0 0 0 34— 0 5 9g)的耗氧率和排氨率均有显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其单位体重耗氧率在2 0— 30℃之间达到最大值 ,且随着硬壳蛤个体的增大而下降 ;不同温度下硬壳蛤个体耗氧率OR[mgO2 /(ind·h) ]与软体部干重W(gDFW)之间的关系可用方程OR =aWb 表示 ,其中a值在0 0 4— 0 70之间 ,b值在 0 45— 0 65之间。硬壳蛤的排氨率 温度曲线呈单峰型 ,其单位体重排氨率在 2 5℃附近达到最大值 ,且随着硬壳蛤个体的增大而下降。不同温度下硬壳蛤个体排氨率NR[μgNH4 N/(ind·h) ]与软体部干重W(gDFW)之间的关系可用方程NR =aWb 表示 ,其中a值在 1— 2 7之间 ,b值在 0 40— 0 75之间。硬壳蛤呼吸排泄的氧、氮比在 5℃时最大 ,随后有下降趋势 ,其比值在 1 0— 80之间。 相似文献
2.
采用室内实验的方法研究了饥饿对二倍体 (2n)和三倍体(3n)长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)呼吸和排泄的影响。实验饥饿的时间为2,5,8,11,14,23,32d,实验牡蛎的软体部干质量为M2n=0.347g±0.071g;M3n =0.301g±0.099g。实验结果表明 :(1)二倍体长牡蛎在饥饿2～14d内 ,随着饥饿时间的延长 ,个体的耗氧率增大 ,当饥饿14d以后 ,随着饥饿时间的延长 ,个体的耗氧率下降 ;三倍体长牡蛎则表现出饥饿5d以后 ,随着饥饿时间的延长 ,个体的耗氧率下降。耗氧率与饥饿时间的关系为:Ro ,2n(mg/(个·h))= -0.08 +0.21T-0.01T2-0.01T3,Ro ,3n(mg/(个·h))= -1.97+0.45T-0.12T2+0.01T3;在饥饿2～5d内 ,二倍体和三倍体长牡蛎的耗氧率差异不显著(P>0.05) ,而饥饿5d以后 ,耗氧率的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05) ;(2)二倍体长牡蛎在饥饿2～8d内 ,随着饥饿时间的延长 ,其排氨率增加 ,当饥饿8d以后 ,排氨率则逐渐下降 ;三倍体长牡蛎则表现出饥饿5d以后 ,随着饥饿时间的延长 ,个体的排氨率下降。排氨率与饥饿时间的关系为 :RA ,2n(μg/(个·h))= -16.09 +32.65T-8.11T2 +0.57T3 ,RA ,3n(μg/(个·h))=4.57 +16.07T-5.42T2 +0.44T3 ;在实验的时间范围内 ,二倍体和三倍体长牡蛎排氨率的差异达到显著水平 (P<0.05)。 相似文献
3.
盐度对二倍体和三倍体长牡蛎呼吸和排泄的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
采用室内实验的方法研究了盐度对二倍体(2n)和三倍体(3n)长牡蛎(Crassostrea gi-gas)呼吸和排泄的影响。实验的盐度(S)梯度为15,20,25,30,35共5个梯度,实验牡蛎的规格为,2n:W(软体部干质量,单位为g)=0.347±0.071 g;3n:W=0.301±0.099g。实验结果表明:盐度对二倍体和三倍体长牡蛎的呼吸和排泄有显著影响。在实验的盐度范围内,随着盐度的升高,二倍体和三倍体长牡蛎的耗氧率逐渐增大,盐度与耗氧率的关系可表示为,2n:Ro[mg/(g·h)]=0.0142S~(1.219),3n:Ro[mg/(g·h)]=0.0085S~(1.391);随盐度的升高,排氨率逐渐增大,当S为35时,二倍体和三倍体长牡蛎的排氨率略有下降,在实验的盐度范围内,盐度与排氨率的关系可表示为,2n:RA[μg/(g·h)]=-12.25+2.902S-0.0573S~2;3n:RA[ug/(g·h )]=-39.39+3.882S-0.06S~2。在实验的盐度范围内,二倍体和三倍体长牡蛎耗氧率的差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05),而排氨率的差异则有所不同,当S为15～20时,二倍体和三倍体牡蛎的排氨率差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),而S为25～35时,其差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
4.
泥蚶、缢蛏和僧帽牡蛎呼吸与排泄的周年变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
于2005年5月至2006年3月对浙江沿岸重要的3种经济贝类泥蚶、缢蛏和僧帽牡蛎的呼吸率与排泄率进行了周年研究。结果表明:泥蚶、缢蛏和僧帽牡蛎耗氧率的变化范围分别为0.11~5.05 mg/（g·h）、0.77~5.97 mg/（g·h）和0.33~5.47 mg/（g·h）,排氨率的变化范围分别为21.51~1 078.63 μg/（g·h）,26.97~990.73 μg/（g·h）和32.12~1 378.67 μg/（g·h）;耗氧率与排氨率9月份最高,1月份最低。经单因素方差分析发现,3种实验贝类月际间的耗氧率与排氨率均存在极显著差异（p<0.01）,经配对T检验发现,缢蛏（SC）和僧帽牡蛎（SCA）之间的耗氧率存在着显著差异T（SC-SCA）=3.184,p=0.024）,泥蚶（TG）与缢蛏、僧帽牡蛎的耗氧率之间都不存在差异（T（TG-SC）=1.887,p=0.118;T（TG-SCA）=0.246,p=0.815）,泥蚶、缢蛏和僧帽牡蛎之间的排氨率的差异均不显著（T（TG-SC）=0.977,p=0.373;T（TG-SCA）=2.369,p=0.064;T（SC-SCA）=1.002,p=0.362）。3种贝类的耗氧率与排氨率均随温度的升高而升高,经回归分析发现,耗氧率和排氨率与温度的变化均呈较显著的幂指数性相关lnY=lna+blnT（Y=aebT）。泥蚶呼吸排泄O:N变化范围为4.69~28.55,缢蛏和僧帽牡蛎的O:N变化范围分别为:4.68~37.89和3.04~10.27。 相似文献
5.
采用静水实验法,研究了在不同温度(15、20、25)和盐度(8、13、18、23、28、33)下对壳长为(25.10±0.84)mm的毛蚶耗氧率和排氨率的影响。结果表明:随着温度的升高,耗氧率和排氨率逐渐增大,在温度25、盐度28时,耗氧率和排氨率均达到最大,分别为1.5111mg/(g·h)、0.2412mg/(g·h);盐度18~28时,耗氧率和排氨率随着盐度的增加而增加,盐度28时达到最大,之后,随着盐度的增加而降低;毛蚶的氧氮比值范围为3.55~5.48,在温度15~25、盐度28时,各实验组均有最大的氧氮比值。经方差分析,温度和盐度以及二者交互作用均对毛蚶的耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响(P0.05)。 相似文献
6.
盐度对双齿围沙蚕耗氧率和排氨率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为优化双齿围沙蚕养殖条件,促进沙蚕资源的合理开发和利用,作者探讨了不同盐度下(8、16、24、32、40、45)双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)耗氧率和排氨率的情况。结果表明:盐度对双齿围沙蚕的耗氧率和排氨率均有显著性影响(P0.05)。在盐度为8~32时,耗氧率随着盐度的升高呈先下降后上升的趋势;在盐度为24时耗氧率最低(0.22 mg/(g·h)±0.01 mg/(g·h));在盐度为32时耗氧率达到最大值(0.37 mg/(g·h)±0.05 mg/(g·h))。在盐度为8~40条件下,沙蚕的排氨率随着盐度的升高呈先降低后上升的趋势;在盐度为24时,双齿围沙蚕的排氨率最低(0.10μmol/(g·h)±0.02μmol/(g·h));当盐度为40时排氨率达到最大值(0.94μmol/(g·h)±0.11μmol/(g·h))。盐度为8~40时,沙蚕的O︰N比值随着盐度的上升呈先升高后降低的趋势,在盐度24和32时,沙蚕的O︰N比值分别为130.84和126.47,且变化较小,当盐度40时,O︰N比值急剧下降到13.3,然后再度上升。综合上述结果,双齿围沙蚕生活的最适盐度为24~32。 相似文献
7.
盐度对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)呼吸和排泄的影响 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
采用封闭式呼吸器法研究了(15±0.5)℃水温条件下不同盐度(22、27、31.5、36)对四种规格刺参{S[(39.60±8.77)g]、M[(71.80±14.04)g]、L[(128.30±19.69)g]和XL[(196.65±19.81)g]}呼吸和排泄的影响。结果表明,各规格组刺参单位体重耗氧率[Rwr,μg/(g·h)]和排氨率[(Rwe,μg/(g·h)]在盐度22—31.5范围内均随着盐度的升高而降低,当盐度升高至36时,二者都明显升高;各盐度下实验刺参的单位体重耗氧率分别为17.52、16.32、15.49和17.60μg/(g·h),单位体重排氨率分别为1.05、0.88、0.87和0.95μg/(g·h);在同一盐度下,刺参体重越大,其单位个体耗氧率[Rir,μg/(ind·h)]和排氨率[Rie,μg/(ind·h)]越高,二者呈幂函数关系,可用关系式Rir(或Rie)=aWb表示;关系式Rir=aWb中,a值的变动范围为40.6656—81.1900,b值为0.6432—0.8145;而关系式Rie=aWb中,a值的变动范围为2.0947—4.8489,b值为0.6507—0.8072;盐度对刺参O∶N比的影响不显著,各盐度条件下,不同规格的刺参,其O∶N比均在15左右,表明本实验条件下该参代谢所需要的能量主要由脂肪和碳水化合物提供。从呼吸和排泄的角度来看,刺参在其最适温度(15℃)条件下,具有一定的渗透压调节能力,能够适应较广的盐度变化范围(22—36)。 相似文献
8.
温度对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)耗氧率和排氨率的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
实验研究温度对不同个体大小缢蛏耗氧率和排氨率的影响。实验结果表明 ,在实验温度(15～ 30℃ )条件下 ,缢蛏的耗氧率 (O) [mg/ h·个 ]和排氨率 (N ) [μg/ h·个 ]与缢蛏软体部干重(W)呈明显的幂函数关系 ;温度的上升使得缢蛏的耗氧率 (OS) [mg/ g· h]、排氨率 (Na) [μg/ g· h]均增大 ;两者之间的比值 (原子数 O∶ N)在 2 0℃时最大 ,随着温度的继续升高其值逐步减小。耗氧率 (O)、排氨率 (N)与温度 (T)、缢蛏软体部干重 (W)二元线形回归方程分别是 :O=- 0 .370 3+0 .32 0 4 W+ 0 .0 2 98T,N =- 15 4 .0 6 77+ 6 9.74 88W+ 7.9332 T。复相关系数 r分别为 0 .9773和0 .92 2 8;F检验表明 ,两个回归方程均极显著。 相似文献
9.
盐度对近江牡蛎耗氧率、排氨率、O:N 和吸收率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以半现场流水槽法研究了不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35)对近江牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)耗氧率、排氨率、O:N、吸收率的影响,并测定了盐度为20条件下牡蛎耗氧率和排氨率的周日变化.结果表明,近江牡蛎耗氧率、排氨率、O:N先随着盐度的升高而下降,在20左右降到最低,随着盐度继续上升,又升高;而近江牡蛎的吸收率先随着盐度的升高而升高,在20左右达到最高,然后随盐度升高而下降.根据数据得出耗氧率与盐度的拟合方程: y=0.0033x2-0.1161x+1.5523, R2=0.9018;排氨率与盐度:y=0.0001x2-0.0041x+0.0871, R2=0.9889;O:N与盐度:y=0.0016x3-0.0782x2+0.9051x+10.818, R2=0.955;吸收率与盐度: y=-0.0011x2+0.0399x+0.4393.R2=0.9453.一日内,8时、14时、19时、22时4个时间点,近江牡蛎耗氧率和排氨率变化较大,在14时最大,表明该时点其代谢活动最强. 相似文献
10.
许氏帆蚌耗氧率和排氨率研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用生态生理学方法研究了水温和体质量对许氏帆蚌(Hyriopsis schlegelii)耗氧率和排氨率的影响,为育珠蚌养殖生理生态学提供基础资料。用生化培养箱控制水温,winkler碘量法、纳氏试剂比色法测定耗氧率和排氨率。结果表明,在实验温度(9~30℃)条件下,许氏帆蚌的耗氧率为2.504~6.76mg/(kg.h),排氨率为1.963~5.689mg/(kg.h),其中耗氧率和排氨率在27℃达到最高值,30℃均开始下降。在适宜的温度范围内,许氏帆蚌的耗氧率和排氨率均与温度成正比,而与体质量呈负相关。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献