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1.
利用第15,16,21,25,26和27次南极考察在普里兹湾及邻近海域所获取的CTD观测数据,对该海域主要水团、典型层面水文要素平面分布等进行了对比分析。研究表明:1)普里兹湾及邻近海域水团主要包括南极表层水、普里兹湾陆架水、绕极深层水和南极底层水。夏季表层水温盐变化显著,没有固定的核心值;绕极深层暖水的分布范围和温盐特征相对比较稳定;南极底层水在各航次中均有出现。2)在陆架水中存在位温低于海面冰点的冰架水和温度低于现场温度的过冷水。冰架水主要分布在冰架前缘和70°30′E断面上,沿70°30′E断面最北可扩展至陆坡附近;过冷水主要分布在冰架前缘西部。3)高盐陆架水在普里兹湾存在较少,主要分布在埃默里冰架前缘和73°E断面67°30′~68°45′S范围内,其中S34.62的高盐陆架水均位于73°E断面附近,并沿73°E断面向北扩展至67°30′S附近,盐度最大值为34.64。4)夏季表层温盐分布时空变化特征显著。部分航次埃默里冰架前缘存在一个很强的纬向温度锋面,最高温度达到3.55°C。5)绕极深层水在第15航次涌升至100m以浅,涌升最明显的海域在63°00′~64°00′S附近,73°E断面涌升最强。 相似文献
2.
根据 2 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 0和 1999年中国南极考察和 1992年澳大利亚南极考察资料 ,分析了普里兹湾 73°E断面水团与地转流的结构及其多年变化 :(1)该断面上水团主要有南极表层水、绕极深层水、南极底层水和陆架水 ;(2 )南极表层水 1999,2 0 0 0年向北扩展最强 ,2 0 0 2年向北扩展最弱 ,绕极深层水 2 0 0 2年向南扩展也较强 ,1999和 1992年绕极深层水向南扩展较弱 ,南极底层水 ,位温在 - 0 .3～- 0 .4℃ ,盐度在 34.6 6左右 ,主要是本地形成 ,而 1992年高盐底层水可能来源于其他原因 ;(3)该海域深层水呈显著的升温 ,增暖率约为 0 .0 0 7～ 0 .0 0 8℃ /a;(4 )南极陆坡锋的强度和位置 ,与南极表层水的北向扩展和绕极深层水的变化一致 ;(5 ) 6 2°S～ 6 6°S是绕极流的南缘 ,东向流深度可达 2 0 0 0 m,最大流速中心在 6 4.5°S附近 ,2 0 0 0年北移至 6 3.5°S附近 ,最大流速为 3～ 5 cm/s;陆架上 6 8°S附近主要为流速 1cm /s左右的西向流。 相似文献
3.
南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域水团研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
普里兹湾及其邻近海域是中国南大洋调查研究的传统优势海域与重点区域。围绕夏季表层水、冬季水、陆架水、绕极深层水、南极底层水、普里兹湾底层水、冰架水等研究海区主要水团的特征和分布,总结了前人在南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域基于调查资料开展的水团研究中所取得的成果。研究表明,前人在对陆架水的示性指标界定上,将陆架水是否区分为高盐陆架水和低盐陆架水存在较大争议,在高盐陆架水和普里兹湾底层水的定义上存在重叠;目前尚没有证据表明绕极深层水向南可以伸展到普里兹湾的陆架区域,也没有发现在普里兹湾附近海域生成南极底层水的直接证据。 相似文献
4.
5.
分析普里兹湾及其附近海域温、盐分布特征，提出在艾默里冰架外侧有一片温暖水域。指出：１、变性极大的南极绕极深层水的前沿混合水可以影响到陆架上的南纬６７°左右；２、在两个“ＣＴＤ”探头直达海底的测站，深层观测到了温度为负值、盐度为３４．６７。据此，作者指出该水体属于南极底层水。此外，还对整个海区的跃层现象进行分类，计算了跃层的强度、厚度和深度。 相似文献
6.
普里兹湾附近绕极深层水和底层水及其运动特征 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
利用中国第15次南极科学考察科学考察队的CTD全深度观测资料(1998年11月至1999年2月),分析并讨论了普里兹湾以北的南大洋海域内,绕极深层水(CDW)和南极底层水(AABW)的物理特性及其空间分布.同时还与历史上其他学者的发现进行了比较.指出了在研究海域内,CDW在100～2000m之间从北向南扩展,其高温核(t>1.2℃)和高盐核(S>34.7)在75°E断面上最为深厚,向南扩展得最远;而AABW则在2500m以深由陆坡底部向北扩展,σθ>27.875的高密度水体在70°E断面上最为深厚,向北扩展得最远.此外还通过实测的CTD资料证实了CDW和AABW的经向环流特征,以及它们与迪肯流环(Deaconcell)、亚极地流环和深层流环的一致性. 相似文献
7.
近普里兹湾大陆架外水域水文物理特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过１９９０年１２月～１９９１年１月中国＂极地＂号南印度调查资料分析得出如下一些重要结论：（１）８３°Ｅ以西、６４°Ｓ以北海域，南极夏季表层水厚度约２０ｍ，冬季残留水厚度３０～７０ｍ，７０ｍ以下的水层逐渐过渡到南极深层水。南极深层水中心温度最高，为１．８５～２．００℃；８３°Ｅ以东、６４°Ｓ以北海域，０～３０ｍ为南极夏季表层水，５０～１００ｍ层为南极冬季残留水，１００ｍ以下为南极深层水。深层水中心温度普遍降低，最低为１．０４℃，最高为１．４９℃。它表明８３°Ｅ以东区域受陆架水影响更明显。（２）８３°Ｅ以西，６４°Ｓ以南海域，为深水大洋向陆架浅海过渡区域，温度由北向南迅速降低，普里兹湾基本为陆架低温水所盘据；８３°Ｅ以东、６４°Ｓ以南海域主要为西冰架、谢克尔顿冰架低温水，６４°Ｓ附近形成东西方延伸的温、盐锋面。（３）由动力计算知，在８３°Ｅ以西主要为反时针方向环流；８３°～９８°Ｅ中间，６３°Ｓ南北各有一个顺时针环流；９８°Ｅ以东基本为南向流控制。但是，近岸有一顺时针涡旋。（４）８３°Ｅ以西水文锋面主要有夏季表层水锋面；８３°Ｅ以东主要为陆坡区温度锋，是陆架外高温水与陆架低温水之间过渡带。（５）８３°Ｅ是水文 相似文献
8.
Mosby(1934)指出,如果南极区的陆架水由于海冰的形成而变得足够咸,那么该陆架水将因其密度较大而沿着大陆坡下沉,并因此而形成底层水。当然,在南极周围的海域中，由于较高密度的海水下沉而引起的混合过程是十分复杂的。由于南极底层水( Antarctic Bottom Water,AABW)的主要源区在威德尔海,故以往研究者对于这种混合过程的研究多数集中于威德尔海( Foster et al.,1987)。
至于位于印度洋扇形区的普里兹湾及其邻近海区,一般认为这种类型的海水混合过程实际上并不强烈。Smith et al.,(1984)曾经根据1980-1981年澳大利亚对普里兹湾区的考察资料,分析了这一区域的水团和环流。他们认为,在这一区域中,南极底层水的主要部分源于威德尔海和罗斯海。Middleton and Humphries (1989)利用澳大利亚1981-1985年夏天对普里兹湾海区的考察资料,分析了那里的混合过程,他们认为那里的绕极深层水(CDW)在周期性的上升流过程(它与潮汐和陆架波有关)的参与下与陆架上较冷的陆架水(SW,它与陆架上的海冰形成有关)相混合,形成了低温、高盐的混合水,这种混合水被称为普里兹湾底层水(PBBW),他们认为在多数年份中,这一混合过程可能对普里兹湾中活跃的底层水的形成起主导作用。
在上一篇文章(乐肯堂等,1996:以下简称“上文”)中,我们以中国第六次(CNARE-Ⅵ)和第七次(CNARE-Ⅶ)南极考察中所获得的温、盐资料为基础,并结合有关的化学要素资料,对普里兹湾区的水团分布特性进行了分析。分析结果表明,1991年1月,在普里兹湾外的陆架底部确实存在着上述的PBBW,且这一较重(密度较大)的水有可能沿着大陆坡下滑而达到800m以下的水层。
在本文中,我们仍以上述考察资料为基础,对普里兹湾区的环流和混合过程进行分析,进一步探讨普里兹湾区底层水形成的可能方式。本文所用的考察资料和站位均与“上文”相同,故相同部分不再赘述。 相似文献
9.
基于中国第28、29和31次南极科学考察中的CTD数据,利用Thorpe尺度方法计算了普里兹湾及其附近海域湍动能耗散率,分析了其分布特征,并对当地的水团结构进行研究。结果表明,普里兹湾及其附近海域中,前两个航次观测中次表层湍动能耗散率强度在陆架坡折区域达到最大。在水团分布方面,在第28和29航次中均观测到了变性绕极深层水陆架入侵现象,水团分别向上涌升至海表以下100 m和200 m深度,向南均可达到67.5°S处。普里兹湾陆架坡折区域次表层湍动能耗散率强度分布与当地水团结构存在良好对应关系。研究认为变性绕极深层水入侵陆架,会使该深度水体变得不稳定,发生水体交换现象,最终造成该区域湍流混合强度加强。 相似文献
10.
中国南大洋水团、环流和海冰研究进展(1995-2002) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
总结了1995年以来中国在南大洋物理海洋学研究和南极海冰研究中所取得的成果。普里兹湾海区是中国南大洋研究的重点区域，研究表明，在该海区存在显著的深层水涌升和陆架水北扩现象，某些年份深层水与陆架水混合后产生了较重的水体，但是尚未发现生成南极底层水的直接证据。在普里兹湾所处的印度洋区段，亚热带锋、亚南极锋和极锋表现出显著的时空变化，特别是不同年份的锋面位置存在较大的摆动。该海区的南极绕极流既是风生的，也受到密度场的影响。在凯尔盖朗海台的地形引导作用下，南极绕极流表现出显著的非纬向性特征。南极海冰除了显著的季节变化以外，也表现出长期变化的趋势。此变化与海洋、大气中的其它变化有一定的相关性，表现为两极海冰涛动、南方海洋涛动等多种变化模态，对我国气候也有一定的影响。 相似文献
11.
Takashi Yabuki Toshio Suga Kimio Hanawa Koji Matsuoka Hiroshi Kiwada Tomowo Watanabe 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(5):649-655
It has been inferred that the Prydz Bay region is one of the source regions of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) based on rather
indirect evidence. In order to examine this inference, we investigate the hydrographic condition of the bay based mainly on
XCTD data obtained during the Japanese Whale Research Program in the Antarctic (JARPA). The JARPA hydrographic data reveal
Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), which is a salty, warm water mass approaching the shelf break, and capture Modified CDW (MCDW)
intruding into the shelf water. AABW production requires mixing of CDW and cold shelf water saltier than 34.6 psu, which is
a saltier type of Low Salinity Shelf Water (LSSW). Saltier LSSW is observed near the bottom over the shelf, being mixed with
MCDW. We further identify saltier LSSW near the shelf break. This saltier LSSW appears close enough to unmodified CDW to be
mixed with it over the continental slope, indicating a possible source of AABW in Prydz Bay. 相似文献
12.
自50年代后期以来国际上对普里兹湾区海洋过程的调査研究不断加强(Zverev,1959,1963; Izvekov,1959),尤其是进入80年代后,由于在现场考察中采用了CTD系统和浮标测流系统,人们对该区海洋过程的认识有了长足的进步。但由于该海区的热盐结构有非常显著的时空变化(Kornilov,1971; Smith et al.,1984; Middleton and Hamphries,1989;乐肯堂等,1996,1997),因而对该海区水团和环流中的若干重要问题,例如环流子午向分布向题,底层水形成问题,热盐结构时空变化间题等,仍缺乏足够的了解。
在乐肯堂等(1996,1997)的文章中,我们主要根据中国第六次(CNARE-Ⅵ,1989-1990)和第七次(CNARE-Ⅶ,1990-1991)南极考察中的海洋调查资料,分析了普里兹湾区的热盐结构、环流性质和混合过程。在本文中,我们将着重分析中国第八次(CNARE-Ⅷ,1991-1992)和第九次(CNARE-Ⅸ,1992-1993)南极考察中的CTD资料,并结合CNARE-Ⅵ,Ⅶ的资料,对该区的水团和环流的时空变化问题进行初步探讨。
关于CNARE-Ⅵ和 CNARE-Ⅶ的资料概况可见乐肯堂等(1996),不再重述。CNARE-Ⅷ的CTD断面设置与 CNARE-Ⅶ相同[参见乐肯堂等(1996)];但观测工作分为两个阶段:第一阶段从1991年12月31日至1992年1月5日,完成了从78°E至108°E共6个断面的测站;第二阶段,从1992年1月23日至25日,完成了68°E和73°E两个断面的测站。CNARE-Ⅸ的CTD断面如图1所示;观测工作也分两个阶段:第一阶段从1993年1月11日至1月15日,完成了I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3个断面的测站;第二阶段从1993年1月29日至2月5日,进行了IV、V、Ⅵ3个断面的观测。这两次考察的CTD观测,每次均分为两个航次,而两个航次之间又都相隔二十余天,因而资料的同步性受到一定的影响。 相似文献
13.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1999,46(7):1181-1200
Hydrographic, current meter and ADCP data collected during two recent cruises in the South Indian Ocean (RRS Discovery cruise 200 in February 1993 and RRS Discovery cruise 207 in February 1994) are used to investigate the current structure within the Princess Elizabeth Trough (PET), near the Antarctic continent at 85°E, 63–66°S. This gap in topography between the Kerguelen Plateau and the Antarctic continent, with sill depth 3750 m, provides a route for the exchange of Antarctic Bottom Water between the Australian–Antarctic Basin and the Weddell–Enderby Basin. Shears derived from ADCP and hydrographic data are used to deduce the barotropic component of the velocity field, and thus the volume transports of the water masses. Both the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF) and the Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (SB) pass through the northern PET (latitudes 63 to 64.5°S) associated with eastward transports. These are deep-reaching fronts with associated bottom velocities of several cm s-1. Antarctic Bottom water (AABW) from the Weddell–Enderby Basin is transported eastwards in the jets associated with these fronts. The transport of water with potential temperatures less than 0°C is 3 (±1) Sv. The SB is shown to meander in the PET, caused by the cyclonic gyre immediately west of the PET in Prydz Bay. The AABW therefore also meanders before continuing eastwards. In the southern PET (latitudes 64.5 to 66°S) a bottom intensified flow of AABW is observed flowing west. This AABW has most likely formed not far from the PET, along the Antarctic continental shelf and slope to the east. Current meters show that speeds in this flow have an annual scalar mean of 10 cm s-1. The transport of water with potential temperatures less than 0°C is 20 (±3) Sv. The southern PET features westward flow throughout the water column, since the shallower depths are dominated by the flow associated with the Antarctic Slope Front. Including the westward flow of bottom water, the total westward transport of the whole water column in the southern PET is 45 (±6) Sv. 相似文献
14.
南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域表层水镭同位素的分布及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国第27次南极科学考察期间(2010年12月30日至2011年1月16日),对普里兹湾及其邻近海域表层海水进行了226Ra和228Ra的分析,结果表明:226Ra和228Ra比活度的变化范围分别为1.47—2.43Bq/m3和0.17—0.45Bq/m3,平均值分别为2.13Bq/m3和0.29Bq/m3,228Ra/226Ra)A.R.(228Ra与226Ra的活度比)的变化范围为0.08—0.20,平均值为0.14。根据盐度和226Ra的质量平衡方程,计算出研究海域表层水中冰融水、南极夏季表层水和普里兹湾中深层水的份额。研究海域表层水中温度、盐度、226Ra、228Ra、228Ra/226Ra)A.R.和冰融水份额的空间分布显示,在埃默里冰架前沿海域,西侧海域较东侧海域具有低温、高盐、高226Ra、低228Ra、低228Ra/226Ra)A.R.、低冰融水份额的特征,证实埃默里冰架下水体东进西出的运动规律。根据埃默里冰架前沿东、西侧水体228Ra/226Ra)A.R.的差异,估算出埃默里冰架下表层水体东进西出所经历的时间为1.85a。此外,在普里兹湾湾口中部海域(66.5—67.5°S,72°—74°E),观察到次表层水的上升通风作用,该区域较高的228Ra含量和228Ra/226Ra)A.R.证明这些表层水体并非来自湾外绕极深层水的上涌,而可能来自湾内埃默里冰架输出水体。 相似文献
15.
R. Yu. Tarakanov E. G. Morozov A. M. Gritsenko T. A. Demidova N. I. Makarenko 《Oceanology》2013,53(4):432-441
The structure of northerly overflow of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) through passages in the East Azores Ridge (37° N) in the East Atlantic from the Madeira Basin to the Iberian Basin is studied on the basis of hydrographic measurements carried out by the Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in October 2011, historical World Ocean Data Base 2009, and recent data on the bottom topography. The overflow of the coldest layers of this water occurs through two passages with close depths at 16° W (Discovery Gap) and at 19°30′ W (nameless Western Gap). It is shown that it is likely that the role of the latter passage in water transport was underestimated in earlier publications because the water (2.01°C) found in the region north of the Western Gap was cooler than in the region north of the Discovery Gap (2.03°C). In 2011, we found a decrease of 0.01°C in the AABW temperature near the bottom compared to previous measurements in 1982 (from 2.011°C to 2.002°C). Analysis of the historical database shows that this decrease is most likely caused by the cooling trend in the abyssal waters in the East Atlantic basins. 相似文献
16.
Air-sea carbon fluxes and their controlling factors in the Prydz Bay in the Antarctic 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
The Prydz Bay in the Antarctic is an important area in the Southern Ocean due to its unique geographic feature. It plays an important role in the carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean. To investigate the distributions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and surface seawater and its air-sea exchange rates in this region, the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （CHINARE） had set up several sections in the Prydz Bay. Here we present the results from the CHINARE-XVI cruises were presented onboard R/V Xue/ong from November 1999 to April 2000 and the main driving forces were discussed controlling the distributions of partial pressure of carbon dioxide. According to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide distributions, the Prydz Bay can be divided into the inside and outside regions. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide was low in the inside region but higher in the outside region during the measurement period. This distribution had a good negative correlation with the concentrations of ehlorophyll-a in general, suggesting that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was substantially affected by biological production. The results also indicate that the biological produetion is most likely the main driving force in the marginal ice zone in the Southern Ocean in summer. However, in the Antarctic divergence sector of the Prydz Bay （about 64°S）, the hydrological processes become the controlling factor as the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide is much higher than the atmospheric one due to the upwelling of the high DIC CDW, and this made the outside of Prydz Bay a source of carbon dioxide. On the basis of the calculations, the CO2 flux in January （austral summer） was -3.23 mmol/（m^2 · d） in the inner part of Prydz Bay, i.e. , a sink of atmospheric CO2, and was 0.62 mmol/（m^2 · d） in the outside part of the bay, a weak source of atmospheric CO2. The average air-sea flux of CO2 in the Prydz Bay was 2.50 mmol/（m^2 · d）. 相似文献
17.
Venkatarathnam Kolla Lawrence Sullivan S.Stephen Streeter Marcus G. Langseth 《Marine Geology》1976,21(3):171-189
Data on bottom-water potential temperature, turbidity and current indications show that in the Southern Ocean west of the Kerguelen Plateau, Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) of Weddell Sea origin spreads northwards from the Atlantic—Indian Basin in two directions: (1) AABW enters the Agulhas Basin through relatively deep areas in the Mid-Indian Ridge at 20–25°E and possibly at 35°E, and flows northwards into the Mozambique Basin as far as its northern limits; (2) a more easterly spreading path extends from the Atlantic—Indian Basin through the Crozet into the Madagascar, Mascarene, Somali and Arabian Basins. The passage in the western branch of the Indian Ridge for the AABW spreading from the Crozet into the Madagascar Basin appears to be at 29-26°S and 60–64°E.East of the Kerguelen Plateau in the South Indian Basin, the bottom water formed mainly along the Adélie Coast and Ross Sea travels west towards the Kerguelen Plateau and then parallel to it. This water finally flows eastwards hugging the Southeast Indian Ridge. Significant deviations from this general circulation pattern occur due to local topographic effects. Some AABW in the South Indian Basin exits through a passage at 120–125°E in the region of the Australian—Antarctic discordance in the Southeast Indian Ridge and enters the South Australian Basin and subsequently the Wharton Basin. This passage is clearly indicated by the northward extension of a cold, bottom-water tongue as shown by the temperature distribution in the region; the bottom-water effects in the passage are reflected in the high turbidity and current lineations on the sea floor.In the Southern Ocean basins, bottom-water turbidity is generally high, reflecting in part the strong bottom-water activity. The effects of AABW circulation on the sea floor—in the form of well-developed small- or large-scale current ripples and erosional/depositional features, manganese-nodule formations, and unconformities and reworking of sediments observed in cores — are also marked in these basins. Even though the AABW in the Wharton Basin is cold, its spreading effects on the sea floor are minimal in this basin in contrast to the basins west of the Mid-Indian Ridge at comparable latitudes. 相似文献