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海洋光学测量仪器的保护框架既要有足够强度,又要自屏蔽效应小,这是一对矛盾的要求,文章主要以海洋863项目中的“海水层光学测量仪”保护框架为例进行分析,提出计算方法,并给出计算结果,为该仪器保护框架设计提出理论依据。 相似文献
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海洋光学浮标的浮体及锚系设计探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海洋光学浮标是一种新的专业性浮标,它对浮体的要求与一般海洋浮标不同。根据海水表层光辐射测量的特点,提出了光学浮标浮体及锚定系统设计的基本要求和几种设计方案,对浮体的大倾角稳定性和自摇周期进行了初步的计算。 相似文献
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微型海岛概念的提出及其可持续发展研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
基于不同面积段有人海岛人口密度计算结果和国内外缺乏统一的岛屿面积分类方案的现状.同时结合中国的具体实际.将面积在0.0005~1km^2的海岛定义为微型海岛,首次提出了微型海岛的新概念。微型海岛面积微小、数量众多,属生态脆弱带,极容易遭到损害而造成严重的生态环境问题。因此,对微型海岛保护与开发模式的选择尤需慎重。本文提供了符合微型海岛环境、社会和经济可持续发展要求的概念框架,包括海洋号观保护、海洋牧场建设、生态农业、生态旅游、港口和海洋开发基地建设。 相似文献
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本文提出了黄海大海洋生态监测和保护数据和资料库管理系统建设的一种设想计划,着重叙述了建立黄海大海洋生态系数据资料管理系统的框架、功能及其应用。 相似文献
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在国家层面提出建立以国家公园为主体、自然保护区为基础、自然公园为补充的自然保护地分类体系的框架下,文章以海南省为例,以景观生态学为基本理论依据,对海洋自然保护地体系进行深化构建,以期为全国范围内整合归并和新增完善海洋自然保护地提供区域性的探索经验。研究结果表明:以管理目标为导向,通过梳理海南省现有海洋自然保护地类型及其存在的问题,借鉴世界自然保护联盟构建自然保护地体系的经验,将国土空间内的海洋自然保护地深化和细化为国家公园(第Ⅰ类)、自然保护区(第Ⅱ类)、栖息地和物种管理区(第Ⅲ类)、自然与人文景观保护区(第Ⅳ类)、生态功能保护区(第Ⅴ类)和自然资源可持续利用自然保护地(第Ⅵ类)6个子类型;该体系既能体现本土特色,又便于与国际接轨;由于海洋具有流动性、连通性、垂直分带性和季节节律性等特性,针对基于管理目标差异构建的保护地分类体系,提出形成保护地网络体系、保护地空间嵌套和保护地随时间更替等建议,有助于海洋自然保护地的管理。 相似文献
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海洋保护地是保护海洋生态系统和生物资源的重要措施,在我国海洋保护体系中具有重要作用。近年来,我国积极深化海洋保护体系的改革和完善,海洋保护工作进入全面深化改革的新阶段,对我国海洋保护地的科学选划和合理布局提出迫切需求。文章系统分析当前我国海洋保护地在选划布局过程中面临的一系列挑战,主要包括缺乏顶层设计和系统规划、对海洋生态系统连通性考虑不足、选划依据滞后于海洋保护理论的研究和发展以及缺乏可靠的技术手段和明确的量化指标以权衡保护与开发的关系;在建设分类科学、布局合理、保护有力和管理有效的,以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的新形势下,介绍国际海洋保护地选划布局的主流方法即系统保护规划,并对其技术路线进行解读;对采用该方法促进我国海洋保护地的科学选划与管理提出6项建议,即明确保护目标和保护对象、筛选保护空缺和优先保护区域、平衡保护与开发的关系、加强海洋保护地的完整性和连通性、加强海洋保护地选划的多方参与和论证以及开展适应性管理。 相似文献
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海洋功能区划理论体系框架构建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了海洋功能区划的理论基础,重新构建了由海洋功能区划和海岸保护利用规划组成的区划理论体系框架,其中,海洋功能区划由海洋自然属性确定,海岸保护利用规划在海洋功能区划基础上,由海洋社会属性确定,并对比分析了构建理论和现行区划理论的异同。 相似文献
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The Arctic Internal Wave experiment (AIWEX) is discussed. For 1985, four instrument clusters, each measuring temperature, conductivity, and three orthogonal components of current velocity, were mounted on a 5.5-m-long rigid frame which was lowered by cable to depths as much as 70-m below the ice/ocean interface. The frame was used for both turbulent boundary layer studies in the near-surface mixed layer and for high-frequency internal studies in the Arctic halocline. The instrument clusters comprised fast-response temperature and conductivity sensors and partially ducted impeller-type current meters. Data from each cluster were sampled six times per second, along with frame depth, magnetic heading, and tilt. Deployment of an improved version of the internal wave frame is planned for CEAREX in the Fram Strait in the spring of 1989 相似文献
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Dessureault J.-G. Belliveau D.J. Young S.W. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1991,16(4):397-401
A package designed to protect an RD Instrument Ltd. acoustic Doppler current profiler survived several passages of a bottom trawl. The package, in the shape of a truncated pyramid, has a base 4 m by 3.3 m and a height of 53 cm. The authors describe the package, its deployment method, and field test results where a trawl was repeatedly dragged over the unit. The device has been used successfully three times on the continental shelf. Some acoustic measurements were also made to ascertain the effect of the package on the beam pattern. The results show that this design can protect the instrument from bottom trawls and the acoustic beams are minimally affected by the plastic plate in front of the instrument transducers 相似文献
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Ben J. Korgen 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1971,1(3):354-357
A versatile probe for simultaneous studies of heat flow and near-bottom water parameters has evolved through modifications of the Bullard heat probe frame. Suitable sensor arrays have been used with this instrument to study (1) heat flow through the ocean floor, (2) water column temperature structure, (3) near-bottom current speeds, and (4) the differential cooling of water-column temperature sensors placed in a current speed gradient.Some of the advantages of such a modified Bullard probe are: (1) several parameters, including heat flow, can be measured across the sediment-water interface simultaneously, (2) the instrument frame is rigidly pinned to the ocean floor during measurement, permitting true Eulerian measurement in the water column with no effects of ship movement, swaying moorings or cable oscillation, and (3) the device is inexpensive and simple. 相似文献
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根据光学后散射传感器(Optical Backscatter Sensor,OBS)和声学后散射传感器(Acoustic Backscatting Sensor,ABS)估算悬浮沉积物质量浓度(Suspended sediment concentration,SSC)的原理,在水槽实验室不同波况产生较高悬浮沉积物质量浓度的条件下运用OBS仪器ASM-IV(激光边界层泥沙剖面仪)和ABS仪器AQUAscat1000(多频声学悬沙剖面仪)观测并记录数据。然后用水槽实验抽取的水样标定光学和声学仪器,反演得到高精度的垂向泥沙浓度分布剖面。结果表明,OBS仪器ASM-IV上的不同光学探头测得的浊度与SSC可以用同一个线性关系描述,相关系数高达0.996,进而能够高精度(垂向间距1cm)地反演垂向的SSC剖面;对于本组水槽实验的粉土底质和不同的波况而言,声学仪器比光学仪器的量测精度低;不同频率声学仪器换能器的量测值可相差几个数量级,不同波况条件下的声学仪器反演值与实测SSC的相关性系数在0.716~0.974变化。 相似文献
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Ian S. Robinson Alison R. Weeks Bruce A. Booty 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1995,42(11-12)
An underwater optical instrument, the Lighfish, measures near-surface irradiance reflectance in six spectral channels while it is towed from a research vessel at a depth of a few metres. The detectors are configured such that all downward-looking detectors observe the same instrument shadow. Effects of self-shading are negligible for waters and wavelengths having absorption coefficients less than 0.3 m−1. Variance in the derived spectral reflectance ratios is shown to be significantly reduced compared with that in single channel irradiance measurements. The instrument can be used to develop remote sensing algorithms as well as for other oceanographic applications. 相似文献
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为保证现场测量离水辐射率的精度,对现场测量光谱仪进行严格的实验室绝对辐射定标是必不可少的。另外,由于现场试验环境复杂,要在野外长期试验,需要随时监测仪器的工作状态是否稳定。文章以加拿大Satlantic公司的光学仪器航空模拟器(SAS-Ⅱ)为例业阐述实验室绝对辐射定标的方法,类似可推广至同类光学传感器的实验室绝对辐射定标;根据SeaWiFS质量监控器(SQM-Ⅱ)监测剖面仪/表面仪的变化来阐述现场质量跟踪的方法。 相似文献
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Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) are a tool designed to protect vulnerable marine areas from vessel-source pollution through measures approved by the governing body, the International Maritime Organisation. Recent developments triggered by the proposal to designate, amongst others, a large part of the Western European Atlantic a PSSA have brought the instrument to a decisive stage. Although the proposal appears to be lawful, its implications for the concept, which this paper seeks to assess, are questionable. The significance of the instrument is at risk if it is overused. As a consequence, new protective mechanisms should be contemplated. 相似文献