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1.
通过对三沙湾24个站位表层沉积物样品进行硅藻分析,共鉴定硅藻31属84种（包括变种和变型）,其中夏季和冬季分别鉴定出31属71种和31属67种,主要属种以中心纲硅藻为主,如爱氏辐环藻（Actinocyclus ehrenbergii）、波状辐裥藻（Actinoptychus undulatus）、横滨盒形藻（Biddulphia grundleri）、中心圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus centralis）等.在生态习性上,底栖海水种占绝对优势.硅藻丰度从湾顶向湾外递减,夏季丰度高于冬季,平均丰度分别为9 003个/g和6477个/g.沉积物粒度分析显示,三沙湾表层沉积物以粉砂质粘土为主,研究表明三沙湾硅藻丰度与平均粒径存在一定相关性,夏季硅藻丰度变化范围为2 104～28 209个/g,粒径范围为5.26～7.36Φ,硅藻丰度与平均粒径变化范围都较大;而冬季硅藻丰度变化在1 929～14 372个/g之间,粒径范围为5.51～6.98Φ,相对夏季其变化较小,论证了水动力是影响硅藻沉积分布的一个重要因素.对影响三沙湾表层沉积硅藻分布的主要环境因子进行探讨,三沙湾表层沉积硅藻主要受潮流、深度和盐度等影响较大. 相似文献
2.
对广西钦州湾-防城港潮间带表层沉积物中的重金属元素Hg,Cd,As,Pb,Cu,Cr和Zn的质量分数和空间分布特征及其潜在生态危害进行了分析和评价。钦州湾潮间带表层沉积物中的重金属元素的质量分数相对较低,均在国家一级标准之内。空间分布上,从防城港-企沙-鸡墩头-三娘湾-沙角,重金属元素含量有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其在企沙QZ-07、三娘湾QZ-09和沙角地区的QZ-08剖面的质量分数最高。其中Cd,Cu和Zn的最高值出现在沙角地区QZ-08剖面,其平均质量分数分别达到了0.14,29.15和64.56μg/g;Hg,As,Cr和Pb的最高值出现在企沙地区QZ-07剖面,其平均质量分数分别达到了0.11,11.29,88.23和26.47μg/g。选用Hakanson的潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物的环境质量进行了评价。结果表明,钦州湾潮间带表层沉积物重金属元素的潜在生态风险参数均小于40,而风险指数均小于150,显示其潜在生态风险为低风险级别。但部分调查剖面如沙角QZ-08剖面的生态危害风险指数接近临界值140,所以该污染的风险是存在的。在空间分布上,从防城港-企沙-鸡墩头-三娘湾-沙角,重金属元素的污染生态危害指数有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其在企沙QZ-07、三娘湾QZ-09和沙角地区的QZ-08剖面的危害指数最高。 相似文献
3.
夏冬季三沙湾海水营养盐含量的时空变化特征及与环境因子的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2012年8月和2013年1月对三沙湾海域开展的海域水质现场连续调查数据,阐述了无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量时空变化特征及其与环境因子的相关性.结果表明,三沙湾海域夏冬季无机氮含量范围分别为0.059～1.669、0.569～0.940 mg/dm^3,均值为0.582、0.676 mg/dm^3,活性磷酸盐含量范围分别为0.036～0.071、0.050～0.070 mg/dm^3,均值为0.056、0.060 mg/dm^3.无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量的高值区出现在陆源径流入海区及大量网箱养殖区,总体呈湾顶向湾口递减趋势,氮磷含量表层高于底层,冬季高于夏季,大部分海域都超过第四类海水水质标准.根据CN/CP比值评价结果显示,三沙湾大部分海域浮游植物的生长为氮限制.相关性分析表明,三沙湾海域无机氮与硝酸盐含量相关性极显著（r=0.989）,表明硝酸盐是无机氮的主要存在形态;无机氮还与盐度（r=-0.923）和温度（r=0.939）有极显著的相关性,论证了沿岸径流对三沙湾营养盐的输入有重要影响.活性磷酸盐与铵盐、亚硝酸盐含量存在显著的正相关.本次调研结果为三沙湾海域富营养化研究提供基础数据. 相似文献
4.
细菌群落在水生生态系统中起着非常关键的作用。基于DNA和RNA高通量测序技术研究了福建三沙湾海域细菌的群落结构及其形成机制。结果发现：（1）三沙湾海域中共检测到细菌1 476个操作分类单元（OTUs），其中γ-变形菌、α-变形菌、蓝细菌和拟杆菌为多样性最高的类群；（2）基于DNA和RNA高通量测序技术均发现这4种类群同时也是该海域细菌群落中的优势类群，但其代谢活性处于不同的状态，主要受到盐度、总氮、亚硝氮和无机磷酸盐浓度的调控；（3）三沙湾细菌群落结构在空间尺度上的分布存在差异，表现为地理位置上越相近的海区其细菌群落结构越相似。中性模型进一步分析发现，三沙湾海域细菌群落的形成主要受到中性过程的调控。本研究结果可为深入理解福建三沙湾海域中细菌群落结构及其形成机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
基于2018年8月福建三沙湾湾内外共两个定点站位的船基和座底三脚架观测数据,研究了三沙湾底边界动力过程及悬沙输运特征。结果表明,三沙湾湾内湾外两个站位均表现出涨落潮历时相近但涨落潮流速明显不对称的现象,即湾内涨潮流速大于落潮流速,湾外则相反。湾内水体受淡水输入影响较大,表现出落潮期间显著的温盐层化,而涨潮期间水体混合良好;湾外水体受淡水影响不明显,表现为水体温度主导的层化。通过对底边界层动力过程的分析表明,湾内（距底0.75 m）、湾外（距底0.50 m）站位底边界层的平均摩阻流速分别是0.016 m/s、0.013 m/s,且两个站位拖曳系数基本相等（2.03×10-3）,表明在相同流速下湾内站位的底部切应力更大,近底沉积物再悬浮和搬运相对湾外站位更为显著。因此观测期间悬沙浓度最大值出现在湾内站位,为109 mg/L,且悬沙在垂向上的分布可达上层水体;湾外站位悬沙浓度更低,并且底部悬浮泥沙仅能影响至距底5 m的水体。悬沙通量机制分解结果表明,三沙湾夏季的潮周期单宽悬沙从湾外向湾内方向净输运,湾内站位向湾内方向净输运74.88 g/(m·s),平流输沙占主导作用,贡献率41.7%;湾外站位向湾内方向净输运10.57 g/(m·s),主要受平流输沙和垂向净环流的控制,贡献率94.9% 相似文献
6.
三沙湾浮游动物的分布及其与兴化湾,东山湾的比较 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
本文分析了三沙湾浮游动物的种类组成、生态娄群、数量分布及其与环境因子的相关性。文中还就物种多样性,生物量以及中优势度等民兴化湾和东山湾进行了比较 相似文献
7.
为了确定福建省三沙湾网箱养殖对海洋环境的潜在风险以及鱼病暴发时的环境影响因子,在2011年对网箱养殖鱼病暴发前和8月份病鱼大量死亡时的网箱养殖区与对照区的环境质量状况进行了调查。根据所获得的水质指标数据,对影响网箱养殖病害的环境因素进行了分析,运用PRIMER6.0 分析了底栖生物的物种多样性、群落结构和ABC曲线等。研究结果显示,网箱养殖向已经富营养化的三沙湾海域排放了相当数量的磷酸盐,病害暴发时海水中弧菌的数量显著升高。通过网箱养殖鱼类死亡数量与温度、盐度等水质指标的相关性分析,死亡率与三沙湾海水温度、盐度等水文环境有相关性,大潮期间死亡率降低,小潮期间病害加剧。网箱养殖降低了三沙湾底栖生物的物种数和物种多样性指数,但对保护大型底栖生物有一定的积极意义。基于以上结论,提出了促进三沙湾网箱养殖健康及可持续发展的相应措施。 相似文献
8.
采用实体显微镜、偏光显微镜及Ｘ射线衍射仪对三沙湾表层沉积物中的重矿物和粘土矿物进行鉴定和研究。已鉴定出的重矿物有２０余种，其含量以磁铁矿、赤铁矿、绿帘石和角闪石等为高，锆石、黄铁矿等次之。根据三沙湾重矿物的含量与特征，划分为三个组合类型。粘土矿物是以伊利石为主，绿泥石、高岭石为次，蒙脱石含量少的组合。综合矿物的种种特征，作者认为三沙湾表层沉积物中的粗颗粒物质主要是由径流从陆上流域带入的，细颗粒物质 相似文献
9.
根据2019年1月、4月、7月和10月四个季度10个站位定置张网调查资料, 对福建三沙湾游泳动物的种类组成及季节变化进行分析研究。结果表明: 调查共获得游泳动物209种, 隶属于3门4纲19目73科144属, 其中鱼类154种, 甲壳类48种, 头足类7种。游泳动物种类数以秋季出现最多, 四个季节共同出现的种类有42种。鲈形目种类最多, 其次是十足目。鱼类适温性以暖水性种类居多, 占71.43%, 暖温性种类次之(27.92%); 生态类型以底层、近底层鱼类居多, 两者合占75.97%。鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)和日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)等14个种类是三沙湾游泳动物的优势种类, 季节性优势种居多。三沙湾定置张网调查渔业资源质量密度为111.09 kg/km2, 尾数密度为13.72×103 ind./km2, 均以夏季最高, 春季最低。应该进一步加强对三沙湾渔业资源的合理利用和有效保护, 同时重视对外来物种的监测。 相似文献
10.
福建北部主要港湾的初级生产力 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
福建北部主要港湾（三沙、罗源、兴化和湄洲湾）2000年5、8、11月的初级生产力调查表明：三沙湾叶绿素a生物量和初级生产力低、变化幅度小,罗源湾和兴化湾8月均出现高的叶绿素a生物量和初级生产力,较之早期的可比资料表明,除三沙湾外,其他各港湾的初级生产力有明显的增加并出现局部的“藻华”. 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献