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1.
本文通过对太平洋北部17个站位铁锰结核、间隙水、沉积物和细菌资料的初步研究表明:研究区铁锰结核中Mn主要来自间隙水中Mn~(m )的扩散,而间隙水中Mn~(2 )主要来自沉积物中Mn~(4 ),在细菌的媒介下,参加了沉积物中有机碳的矿化反应,接收了沉积物中某些有机物的电子后被还原。因而提出细菌在太平洋铁锰结核生长及形成过程中起了重要作用。 相似文献
2.
本文通过对长江口及邻近陆架区10个站位表层沉积物和间隙水中锰、有机碳、硫化物和细菌的资料研究表明:沉积物中锰的变化范围为0.062—0.123％,平均含量为0.091％。间隙水中Mn~(2+)的变化在0.03—8.00ppm之间,平均含量为1.27ppm。沉积物中锰由河口向海洋减少,表层高于深层;间隙水中锰由表层向下递增。间隙水中Mn~(2+)主要来自沉积物中Mn~(4+)的还原,这种还原作用并不是沉积物中硫化物引起的,而是在细菌的媒介下,Mn~(4+)参与沉积物中某些有机物的降解反应时获得电子后被还原的,故它的含量和分布主要受细菌控制。 相似文献
3.
本文利用太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区(富集度1.1—22.0kg/m~2)7个柱状样的沉积物和间隙水资料,详细探讨了其Fe,Mn,Ca,Mg的地球化学特征。结果表明:(1)沉积物中Mn明显的比河口、陆架及贫结核洋区富集,而Fe则与河口沉积物相接近;(2)沉积环境不同,沉积物和间隙水中元素的垂直分布和进入间隙水的途径不同;(3)沉积物中Fe,Mg主要来自粘土吸附,Ca来自生物化学作用沉积,而Mn则可能通过河口、陆架及半深海沉积物次表层Mn的迁移、生物化学及附近海底火山作用而富集;(4)由于钙、硅软泥区生物作用强烈,使间隙水中Mn~(2+)/Fe~(2+)比值明显的比钙质软泥和褐色粘土区大,这在某种程度上支持了结核中Mn组元素的沉积物来源。 相似文献
4.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(2)
对取自南海南部的153个表层沉积物样品,进行了粒度、粒度参数计算和Q型聚类分析,探讨了表层沉积物的粒度分布特征、沉积类型及影响因素。结果表明,研究区沉积物主要粒级组分为黏土和粉砂,底质类型主要为泥,还有粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂,平行于等深线基本呈带状分布;结合Q型聚类分析结果,研究区沉积物可分为外陆架及陆架坡折区粗粒沉积物(砂和粉砂)和陆坡区细粒沉积物(泥)两类,500m等深线是两类沉积物的分界线;对比粒度分析结果,判定两类沉积物属于不同成因类型,外陆架及陆架坡折区是现代沉积和残留沉积的混合沉积,陆坡区是现代沉积;影响南海南部表层沉积物粒度分布的主要因素是物源、水动力条件、水深与地形及洋流。 相似文献
5.
通过对长江口及邻近陆架区现代沉积物中自生硫化铁、细菌、沉积物和间隙水化学成份研究表明,研究区自生黄铁矿主要受硫酸盐还原和元素硫供给速度的控制。 利用~(210)Pb的资料证实,研究区自生黄铁矿形成约需10年左右时间。作者提出,在基本相同的沉积环境中,利用自生硫化铁中FeS_2/FeS克分子比值最高值在沉积柱上所对应的沉积物厚度,除以自生黄铁矿在该环境中形成所需的时间,就可得出不同站位上的沉积速率,其结果和~(210)Pb、生物及地质学上描述的沉积速率基本一致。 相似文献
6.
长江口表层沉积物中硫酸盐还原机制的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、引言在本研究系列的前三篇中,笔者曾对长江口区及邻近陆架区,现代沉积物中硫化物的存在形式、地球化学特征及沉积动力学和矿物学上某些意义,作了较为详细的研究,指出了,长江口及邻近陆架区现代沉积物中硫化物,主要以可溶于酸的单硫化铁(FeS、Fe_3S_4、Greigite矿和Mackinawite矿)和不溶于非氧化性酸(本文指盐酸)的自生黄铁矿(FeS_2、Prite)两种形式存在。它们的分布规律主要受控于细菌。同时,指出了开展对现代海洋沉积物中这些铁的硫化物分析,结合其他沉积项目的观察,可以作为测定现代海洋沉积速率的工 相似文献
7.
8.
北白令海透明胞外聚合颗粒物的含量与来源 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
透明胞外聚合颗粒物(TEP)是海水中大量存在的黏性颗粒物质,它对于海洋颗粒物的聚集、有机碳的埋藏、食物网物质的传递、痕量金属的清除与迁出等均起着重要作用。本研究开展了夏季北白令海陆架、陆坡和海盆区透明胞外聚合颗粒物含量和分布的研究。结果表明,北白令海TEP含量介于34~628 mg/m3(Xeq)之间,其中陆架、陆坡和海盆区TEP的平均含量分别为240, 145和83 mg/m3(Xeq),整体呈现由陆架向外海降低的趋势。在陆坡和海盆区,TEP含量随着深度的增加而降低,但在陆架近底层水中,观察到TEP高含量的特征,与近底层水高的TSM, POC相对应。TEP与荧光强度、TSM、POC等的关系分析显示,研究海域TEP存在两个来源,其一为海洋上层水体的浮游生物,其主要贡献于陆架上层、陆坡和海盆水体;其二为陆架沉积物的底栖生物,其通过沉积物再悬浮贡献于陆架近底层水。 相似文献
9.
西北太平洋楚科奇海沉积物-水界面营养盐输送通量估算 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
陆架区沉积物间隙水的营养盐再生是水体营养盐补充的重要途径之一。楚科奇海陆架区中部沉积物间隙水中的营养盐分布,是物理和生物扰动较弱状态下的沉积物-水界面的典型分布。本文对中国第4次北极科学考察采集的4个多管短柱沉积物样品及多管样站位的上层水样进行分析,得到沉积物间隙水、上覆水以及水柱中营养盐数据。结果表明,沉积物间隙水各营养盐浓度均先随沉积深度增加而呈指数快速升高,记为Ⅰ层;然后进入沉积物再矿化作用与营养盐移出速率相互抵消的稳定变化层,营养盐浓度在该阶段基本不变,记为Ⅱ层;最后是营养盐缓慢递减层,记为Ⅲ层,由于该层有机质降解作用耗尽氧气,NO-3和PO3-4被还原细菌利用而失去氧离子。通过双层模式和Fick第一扩散定律,计算得出楚科奇海沉积物-水界面硅酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐的扩散通量分别为1.660mmol/(m2·d)(以Si计量)、0.008mmol/(m2·d)(以P计量)、0.117mmol/(m2·d)(以N计量)(以R06站为例)。四个调查站位沉积物中硅酸盐的扩散通量分别为3.101mmol/(m2·d)(以Si计量,CC1站)、1.660mmol/(m2·d)(以Si计量,R06站)、1.307mmol/(m2·d)(以Si计量,C07站)、0.243mmol/(m2·d)(以Si计量,S23站),含量呈现明显的纬度分布特征。沉积物间隙水N*的分布表明,楚科奇海沉积环境具有很强的反硝化过程,沉积物脱氮作用是硝酸盐一个重要的汇。 相似文献
10.
东海内陆架表层沉积物粒度及其净输运模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据对东海内陆架海底沉积物的粒度测试,运用Gao-Collins"粒度趋势分析"方法,探讨了东海内陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布特征和净输运趋势。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可以分为两类:细颗粒(>5Φ)和粗颗粒(<5Φ);细颗粒分布于研究区的大部分区域,而粗颗粒主要分布在闽江、瓯江等入海河流口门以及马祖等海岛附近;表层沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态等粒度参数对应性较好,总体特征为粒径越粗,分选越差,偏态更正偏,而粒径越细,分选越好,偏态也较低;粒径趋势分析显示东海陆架表层沉积物的运移模式总体为NE—WS方向运移,而研究区边缘在运移过程中发生向左右两侧的偏移,南部闽江河口区沉积物由近岸向海方向辐射运移,研究区表层沉积物的净输运模式主要受控于流系和地形等多种因素。 相似文献
11.
Ryohei Sasayama Nanako Hioki Yuichiroh Morita Yutaka Isoda Keiri Imai Atsushi Ooki Kenshi Kuma 《Journal of Oceanography》2018,74(4):367-379
We studied the behavior of chemical substances in the upper 300 m of the water column across the continental shelf–slope interface in the East China Sea off the Okinawa Trough. The behaviors of iron, inorganic nutrients, and humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter were strongly influenced by the extensive water exchange between the East China Sea and the Kuroshio Current across the shelf break and slope via upwelling and frontal processes. We attributed the high humic-like fluorescent intensity at the subsurface of the shelf break and slope regions to the lateral supply of humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter from the shelf sediments to the outer shelf region due to the intrusion of shelf water into Kuroshio subsurface water. We found that the behavior of iron at the continental shelf–slope was remarkably different from the conservative mixing of inorganic nutrients and humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter. In deep and bottom waters at the shelf–slope, high total iron concentrations, which were closely related to water transmittance, possibly resulted from the swept transport of iron-rich resuspended sediments over the shelf floor from the slope by the invading Kuroshio Intermediate Water close to the bottom. 相似文献
12.
Molybdenum in pore waters of anoxic marine sediments by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Pore water samples of anoxic sediments from Great Bay, N.H. and Jeffrey's Basin, New England continental shelf, have been analyzed for dissolved molybdenum by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy technique of Hanson et al. (1977). The method has been modified so that only 0.50 ml of pore water sample is utilized for the analysis. The concentrations of Mo in the Jeffrey's Basin pore fluids are as much as an order of magnitude higher than that of the overlying water, while the estuarine water concentrations are only twice that of the overlying water.The Mo in the pore water is negatively correlated to dissolved Fe2+ and positively correlated to the precent of organic carbon in the sediments. This suggests that Mo is remobilized by the anaerobic degradation of sedimentary organic matter and is not directly incorporated into iron pyrite during early diagenesis. 相似文献
13.
《Marine Geology》2001,172(3-4):167-180
The distribution of reactive iron in sediments of the northwestern shelf, the shelf edge and the abyssal part of the Black Sea has been studied. In the euxinic Black Sea, iron sulfides (pyrite and iron monosulfide) are formed in the upper part of the anoxic water column and sink to the deep-sea floor where they are buried in the sediment. This flux of iron sulfides from the water column is reflected in enhanced concentrations of highly reactive iron and a high degree of pyritization (0.57–0.80) for the deep-water sediments of the Black Sea. The iron enrichment of deep-water sediments is balanced by a loss of highly reactive iron from the oxic continental shelf. Calculations from a numerical diagenetic model and reported in situ flux measurements indicate that the dissolved iron flux out of the shelf sediments is more than sufficient to balance the enrichment in reactive iron in deep-sea sediments, and that the majority of the dissolved iron efflux is redeposited on the continental shelf. This iron mobilization mechanism likely operates in most shelf areas, but its net effect becomes only apparent when reactive iron is trapped in sulfidic water bodies as iron sulfides or when iron is incompletely oxidized in low oxygen zones of the ocean and transported over long distances. 相似文献
14.
冲绳海槽北端表层沉积物过渡元素地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用原子吸收和等离子发射光谱等方法,对冲绳海槽北端184个表层沉积物中的Al和过渡元素(Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Zr)进行了化学分析。结果表明,由于受生源碎屑稀释作用的影响,过渡元素在陆架砂质区含量较低,其分布呈北西-南东向舌状延伸;由于细粒组分的增加,在陆架细粒沉积区和海槽区过渡元素含量较高。Mn主要在海槽区富集,在陆架和陆坡区变化不大。除了Mn之外,Al和其他过渡元素均呈明显正相关。Al/Ti比值与陆壳平均值接近,说明二者主要来源于陆源碎屑。Mn/Fe比值与邻近海区沉积物类似,但在陆架区CaO含量大于20%的沉积物和海槽区沉积物中相对较高,这分别是生物富集作用和自生沉积的结果。过渡元素富集因子分析结果表明,研究区过渡元素部分来自于黄河、部分来自于长江物质。 相似文献
15.
王成厚 《海洋学报(英文版)》1984,3(1):56-66
The geochemical investigation in the continental shelf of the East China Sea has been mad at 12 stations. Vertical profiles of the concentration of Mn and Fe in the pore Water of the near shore and off shore sediments are presented, and compared with corresponding profiles of the solid cam-pounds of Mn and Fe in the sediments. A preliminary analysis of the results has been given and according to these data, a rough model of Mn cycle is preliminarily suggested. 相似文献
16.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):147-161
The hypothesis that continental shelf ecosystems export a major fraction of the carbon produced by the phytoplankton during the spring bloom was tested during the Shelf Edge Exchange Processes (SEEP) experiment off the north-east coast of the United States in 1984. The total benthic standing stocks in terms of organic carbon (macrofauna, meiofauna and bacteria) have been estimated in the SEEP area. Their preponderance on the continental shelf was partial evidence that little organic matter escapes to the upper continental slope. Measurements of the metabolism of the biota allowed calculation of turnover times of organic detritus and the total biota. The turnover time of detritus increased as grain size decreased, suggesting that fine-grained deposits contain mostly refractory, non-reactive compounds, especially on the deep slope. Turnover times of the total biota were about the same in the coarse- as in the fine-grained shelf deposits, but a far larger fraction of the turnover was attributed to the bacteria in the fine sediments. On average, about 25 per cent of the primary production appeared to be utilized by the aerobic benthos on the continental shelf in the SEEP area. The role of anaerobes at depth in the sediments remains uncertain. This study, along with a review of other recent work, leads to the conclusion that only a small fraction of continental shelf phytodetritus is exported across a distinct shelf-slope hydrographic frontal system. What is not consumed in the spring is utilized on the shelf during the ensuing stratified season. More open ended ecosystems may export production more readily. 相似文献
17.
南沙群岛海域表层沉积物中有机物、铁和锰的分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过1997年11月（冬季）和1999年7月（夏季）两个航次对南沙群岛海域的现场调查，实测了南沙深海盆表层沉积物中的有机物，Fe和Mn的含量，讨论了沉积物中Fe、Mn的平面和深度分布。在沉积物的上层几厘米处Fe和Mn都出现了峰值，这是上层Mn^2 （Fe^2 ）氧化，再沉淀引起的，沉积物中Fe和Mn的深度分布是氧化锰（铁）和氢氧化锰（铁）的还原，扩散和再沉淀的结果，细菌在海洋环境的Fe、Mn循环中起着重要的作用，在大洋底的厌氧环境中细菌将Fe、Mn还原为低价离子或可溶性化合物向间隙水和上覆水移动，在沉积物表层的氧化条件下细菌又使环境中的Fe、Mn沉淀，使其再次富集。 相似文献
18.
Shelf break systems are highly dynamic environments. However little is known about the influence that benthic interactions and water mass mixing may have on vertical distributions of iron in these systems. Dissolved Fe (< 0.4 μm) concentrations were measured in samples from nine vertical profiles across the upper slope (150–2950 m water depth) at the Atlantic Ocean–Celtic Sea shelf break. Dissolved iron concentrations varied between less than 0.2 and 5.4 nM, and the resulting detailed section showed evidence of a range of processes influencing the Fe distributions. The near sea floor data were interpreted in terms of release and removal processes. The concentrations of dissolved Fe present in near seabed waters were consistent with release of Fe from in situ remineralisation of particulate organic matter at two upper slope stations, and possibly release from pore water upon resuspension on shelf. Lateral transport of dissolved iron was evident from elevated Fe concentrations in an intermediate nepheloid layer and its advection along isopycnals. Surface waters at the shelf break also showed evidence of vertical mixing of deeper iron-rich waters. These waters contained macronutrients that sustained primary productivity in these otherwise nutrient-depleted surface waters. The data also suggest some degree of stabilisation of relatively high concentrations of iron, presumably through ligand association or as colloids. This study supports the view that lateral export of dissolved iron to the interior of the ocean from shelf and coastal zones and may have important implications for the global budget of oceanic iron. 相似文献
19.
东海陆架晚第四纪沉积物化学成分及物源示踪 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
东海陆架EA1孔和EA5孔沉积物化学成分变化范围较大。与东海陆架表层沉积物相比，钻孔沉积物的Si,Al,Mg,Mn,Ti,P,Ba,Zr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cr明显偏高，而Fe,Na,Ca,Sr,Li,U明显偏低，与全球大陆地壳化学组成相比，钻孔沉积物的Si,Li,Rb,Ba,Th,Zr,Hf,Cu,Zn,Pb偏高，而Al,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Ti,P,Sr,U,Co,Ni,V,Cr偏低，钻孔沉积物的化学成分在垂向上具有明显变化，主要受岩性和沉积环境的控制，钻孔沉积物中元素的富集因子（EF）均小于10，接近于1，表明钻孔沉积物主要来自大陆地壳，一些元素因分异或外来物质加入而富集，一些元素则因分异带出而亏损，钻孔沉积物源区的DF值判别表明，钻孔沉积物与现代黄河，长江沉积物均有亲缘关系，可能是在末次冰期最盛期，由于气候带南移，干旱区域扩大，在古长江搬运沉积物中类似现今黄河沉积物的干旱组分明显增加，从而导致了地球化学示踪结果的长江与黄河双重性，或者说古气候的变化导致了古长江搬运物质成分的变化。 相似文献
20.
Abstract. Sediment characteristics determining macrofauna communities were investigated on the continental shelf of Crete. The sedimentary environment of the outer continental shelf of Crete is characterized by a silty substrate with significant decrease in chlorophyll a and organic carbon concentration with depth. Redox potential values indicated an ample supply of oxygen at all depths. Values of most production-related parameters TOC, chlorophyll a , ATP were found at the low end of the range reported from the literature even though the sampling stations were very close to the coastline. Organic carbon to chlorophyll ratios in the sediments indicated that most of the organic material is of phytoplankton origin; the quality of the organic material in the outer shelf, however, seems to be of lower bioavailability. 相似文献