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几种神经活性物质对海湾扇贝幼虫变态诱导作用的研究 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
本文研究了儿茶酚胺类和金属离子对海湾扇贝幼虫变态的诱导作用,结果显示;外加10-4-10-6mol/dm3的肾上腺素,10-5mol/dm3的去甲肾上腺素和L-多巴具有十分显着的诱导能力;外加10-15mmol/dm3K+和Ca2+处理幼虫一段时间后,对其变态有明显促进作用。实验研究了最适浓度下肾上腺素、L-多巴和KCl不同处理时间对幼虫变态的影响,表明幼虫对肾上腺素和L-多巴表现出很高的敏感性,而对KCl则表现出对时间和剂量较强的依赖性。 相似文献
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几种化学物质对两种牡蛎幼虫附着和变态的诱导 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文研究5种神经递质和1种神经肽对两种牡蛎幼虫附着和变态的诱导效应。结果表明：L－多巴对牡蛎幼虫附着行为的诱导快速而有效，浓度10μmol/dm^3，2h内有附着行为的幼虫约占50％，并使之正常变态，肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和L－多巴均能有效地诱导两种牡蛎幼虫变态，它们的最适诱导浓度分别为50、50和5μmol/dm^3，诱导变态率分别达97．1％、90．6％和70．5％（长牡蛎），74．9％、74．3％和37．2％（僧帽牡蛎）；多巴胺的诱导变态效果不显著，而γ－氨基丁酸和5－羟色胺不能有效诱导变态。两种牡蛎幼虫对上述有效诱导药物的反应，长牡蛎优于僧帽牡蛎。肾上腺素诱导长牡蛎，最适处理时机在眼点幼虫后期，持续处理时间为2h之内。 相似文献
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冠瘤海鞘同种群聚的化学诱因初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同浓度的冠瘤海鞘成体被囊萃取物和幼体萃取物及不同的幼体密度对冠瘤海鞘(Styela canopus)幼体附着和变态的影响.结果表明,冠瘤海鞘被囊萃取物和幼体萃取物在5%和10%的浓度下均促进冠瘤海鞘幼体的附着和变态,但被囊萃取物的诱导效果明显强于幼体萃取物;幼体密度高于25只/cm3时,促进冠瘤海鞘幼体的附着和变态;幼体密度低于10只/cm3时,幼体的附着和变态不受密度影响.这些结果提示海区中冠瘤海鞘的同种群聚可能与其被囊或幼体内含诱导幼体附着和变态的化学因子有关. 相似文献
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本文研究了L-多巴、多巴胺、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素等儿茶酚胺类物质对魁蚶幼虫的变态诱导作用。结果显示:10-4mol/L的L-多巴有较为显著的诱导能力，而各浓度组多巴胺都不能诱导幼虫变态,且高浓度L-多巴和多巴胺对幼虫有毒害效应。10-4-10-6mol/L的肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素都能表现出诱导作用并且对幼虫无害,为应用于魁蚶的苗种生产提供了可能。 相似文献
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冠瘤海鞘幼体附着和变态的离子控制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了人工海水中三种金属离子K+,Mg2+和Ca2+分别在不同浓度下对冠瘤海鞘(Styelaca nopusSavigny)幼体附着和变态的影响,同时采用K+通道阻滞剂TEA检验其可兴奋细胞膜上的K+通道特性,对冠瘤海鞘幼体附着和变态的离子控制机制进行初步探讨,结果表明:K+的浓度为20~40mmol/dm3时诱导幼体附着和变态的效果最佳,低于45 mmol/dm3和高于80mmol/dm3的K+浓度都表现出抑制效果;Mg2+浓度在0~32 mmol/dm3时显著促进幼体附着和变态,达88mmol/dm3时起抑制作用;在人工海水中无论添加或减少Ca2+,均有效抑制幼体变态.TEA不能阻抑增加K+的诱导作用,这表明冠瘤海鞘幼体可兴奋细胞膜上的K+通道对外部TEA不敏感.另外,人工海水中缺乏K+或Ca2+或K+浓度达80mmol/dm3都会对冠瘤海鞘幼体产生毒害作用. 相似文献
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The larvae of Styela canopus show the highest rates of settlement and metamorphosiswhen treated with 40 mM KCl-elevated seawater at 25 ℃ in temperature and 27.0 in salinity. Inducedby 40 mM KCl-elevated seawater, it took Styela canopus larvae approximately 3 h after hatching to de-velop competence to settle and metamorphose. The present experiment shows that Styela canopus larvaeis an ideal model organism for examining the efficiency of antifouling substance. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONStudiesonchemicalinductionofsettlementandmetamorphosisinmarineGastropodalarvaehaveadvancedconsiderablyoverdecades,manyofwhichfocusonHalionsrufescensandPhestillasibogae.AccordingtotheavailabledataItheeffectivefactorswhichcaninduceGastropodalarvaetosettleandmetamorphose,includenatureinducers,neurotransmittersandtheirstructuralanalogs,inorganicion(K )andorganicsolvents.Sincethemechanismofmetamorphosisingastropodlarvaediffersmarkedlyamongvariousspecies,itisnecessarytoexamineandc… 相似文献
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为了探讨广泛存在于海中基质表面的微生物粘膜对鲍幼虫附着和变态的诱导作用,研究了不同年龄微生物粘膜 ( 1 ～ 6 d ) 对杂色鲍幼虫附着和变态的影响.结果表明:1 ～ 6 d微生物粘膜均显著地诱导幼虫附着,其中 3, 5 和 6 d 微生物粘膜还显著地诱导幼虫变态;幼虫的附着率和变态率分别与微生物粘膜中的藻类密度和细菌密度呈显著的正相关性,推测藻类和细菌可能在幼虫的附着和变态中起着重要作用.垂直基质选择性试验结果表明,90 % 以上的幼虫附着在具 23 d 微生物粘膜的载玻片表面且变态率达 70 % 以上,进一步证实了微生物粘膜可以诱导杂色鲍幼虫的附着和变态,同时也证实了幼虫具备选择附着基质的能力. 相似文献
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L-DOPA对西施舌眼点幼虫附着变态诱导的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用试验水体中添加化学诱导物的方法研究L-DOPA(L-多巴)对西施舌(Coelomctraantiquata)眼点幼虫附着变态的诱导作用。结果表明,L-DOPA能诱导西施舌眼点幼虫变态,但对其附着的诱导效果不明显。用直径小于1 mm的细沙为附着基质,1×10-6mol/L的L-DOPA处理西施舌眼点幼虫12 h,变态率为73.3%,对照组为62.6%。浓度为1×10-7mol/L的L-DOPA处理西施舌幼虫12 h,生长速率为25.6%,对照组为14.7%,表明适当浓度的L-DOPA能促进西施舌幼虫的生长。在无沙附着的条件下,西施舌幼虫可正常附着变态,但生长速率较低且变态后死亡率高。 相似文献
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Observations on the morphology of embryonic and larval development in Styela canopus Savigny 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
INTRODUCTIONAscidians,commonmarinefoulingorganisms,containmanycompoundswithbiologicalactivitiesagainsttumourandbacteria .Thelarvaofascidianhasanotochordwhichdegeneratesafterthemetamorphosis .Thenotochordistheprototypeofvertebraeofhigheranimals,ascidi anshavespecialsignificancesinanimalevolutionandclassification .Thereforethestudyofas cidiansalwaysattractsbiologistsattention .Asfarasresearchesofascidiansareconcerned ,theclassification ,distribution ,physiologyandchemicalconstituentsinascid… 相似文献
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Experiments were conducted to test the effect of a range of chemicals on larval responses in swimming behaviour, attachment and metamorphosis of the black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris). The effect of antibiotics on larval survival was first tested within negative (filtered seawater) and positive (GABA at 10?5, 10?4 and 10?3 mol L?1) control assays over 3 days. This experiment corroborated the effectiveness of using antibiotics to improve survival of larvae without obvious synergistic interactions with the GABA inducer or confounding effects of potential bacterial interactions. Chemical treatments (acetylcholine, potassium chloride, dopamine and glutamine) were then tested at various concentrations for their ability to modulate swimming behaviour and induce larval attachment and metamorphosis over 14 days. Generally, larval state shifted from swimming to attached, and from attached to metamorphosed, in the control and treatments over time. However, the peak percentage of attached and metamorphosed larvae varied in time among chemicals and concentrations. While overall percent metamorphosis was minimally enhanced after 14 days of exposure to some chemical treatments at certain concentrations, all treatments displayed significant capacities to down-regulate larval swimming and induce early attachment and metamorphosis. Mortality was recorded throughout the duration of the experiment, and was generally low (<20%) across controls and most treatments for exposures of less than 12 days. Interpretations of specific results from this study are used to elucidate neurophysiological control of larval activities for this abalone species. Comparisons with other marine invertebrates highlight the specificities of chemical cues and endogenous regulatory mechanisms across relatively closely related taxa. 相似文献
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In order to establish a new method to eliminate toxicities of heavy metal ions to larval penaeid shrimp, the effects of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium ions on larval metamorphosis of Penaeus chinensis at each stage were determined in detail, and two methods eliminating toxicities were compared. The results indicate that sensitivity of larvae to heavy metal ions decreases in the order of nauplii, protozoea, mysis and postlarvae. The phytoplankton food can reduce, by chetating, the toxicities of heavy metal ions. Both EDTA chelation and PHMA absorption can be used to eliminate the toxicities effectively and there is no significant difference between the two methods. EDTA is harmful to larval P. chinensis at high concentration but affects neither survival nor metamorphosis at below 10 mg/dm3. It is preliminarily observed that copper and zinc ions at low concentration are beneficial to the development of larvae after protozoea stage. It is suggested that it is unnecessary to e-liminate the effects of heavy 相似文献
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M. M. Walker 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):393-397
Development, settlement, and subsequent metamorphosis on several substrata were observed in cultures of Evechinus chloroticus larvae. The period from fertilisation to metamorphosis ranged between 30 and 63 days for larvae collected from spawnings induced at 3 different times. Newly settled sea urchins collected from the field grew about 1 mm per month in aquaria. Correlation of the larval life span with the growth rate of newly settled sea urchins suggested that the earliest spawning could occur was mid‐November. This finding corroborates the results of previous histo‐logical studies of the gonads of adult sea urchins in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. 相似文献
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选择三亚鹿回头近岸海域常见的鹿角杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora damicornis)幼虫为研究对象,采用室内连续培养的方法,探究了升温(29℃和31℃)与硝酸盐加富(0、5、20μmol/dm^3)对鹿角杯形珊瑚幼虫共生体的生理影响。结果表明:升温和硝酸盐加富对鹿角杯形珊瑚幼虫存活率与共生虫黄藻叶绿素荧光指数(Fv/Fm)无显著影响,但对幼虫附着率的影响表现为明显的交互作用。升温条件下,各处理珊瑚幼虫附着率均显著下降,且硝酸盐加富加剧了升温对珊瑚幼虫附着率的负面影响。再者,升温对幼虫呼吸速率的影响与硝酸盐的浓度有关,5μmol/dm^3硝酸盐处理抵消了升温对幼虫呼吸的促进作用;与此同时,5μmol/dm^3硝酸盐处理提高了幼虫的净光合作用而且光合呼吸速率比(PG/RD)大于2,表明此时珊瑚幼虫共生体系光合作用固定的有机碳为净累积。综上,适量的硝酸盐加富可以缓解升温对珊瑚幼虫代谢的负面影响,但高浓度硝酸盐加富则会不利于鹿角杯形珊瑚幼虫的附着及种群的本地补充。 相似文献
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为研究肠道细菌在厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)幼虫和稚贝生长发育过程中的作用,本研究从成体厚壳贻贝肠道中分离出了10株细菌,通过分别形成单一细菌生物被膜,检验其对厚壳贻贝幼虫和稚贝附着的影响和生物被膜特性。实验结果发现,10株肠道细菌所形成的生物被膜均能诱导厚壳贻贝幼虫和稚贝的附着,但不同种类肠道细菌的诱导能力不同,其中Bacillus sp.4对厚壳贻贝幼虫具有高诱导活性,Phaeobacter sp.1具有低诱导活性;Phaeobacter sp.1对厚壳贻贝稚贝具有高诱导活性,Bacillus sp.4具有低诱导活性。通过比较分析 Bacillus sp.4和Phaeobacter sp.1生物被膜的生物量及胞外产物发现,肠道细菌被膜细菌密度、膜厚和胞外脂类对厚壳贻贝幼虫的附着变态无影响,而胞外蛋白和胞外多糖可以影响幼虫的附着变态;对于厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着,肠道细菌被膜细菌密度、膜厚和胞外α-多糖均能影响其诱导活性,而胞外脂类和胞外蛋白无影响。本研究成果可为提高厚壳贻贝的健康生态养殖相关技术提供相关的指导,为解析生物被膜调控厚壳贻贝附着机制和该物种生态健康养殖提供理论依据。 相似文献
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反硝化与厌氧氨氧化作用是海洋结合态氮迁出的主要途径,15N示踪法是定量反硝化和厌氧氨氧化作用的新方法,它具有灵敏度高、可同步测量反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率的优点.本研究开展了一系列方法学实验,以确定高纯氦气驱赶水样所含气体的时间、超声赶气时间、同位素比值质谱仪测量N2含量的精度、N2含量及其同位素组成测定的工作曲线以及示踪剂的最佳添加量等,从而确立起15N示踪同步测定海水反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率的方法.所建立方法测量N2含量的相对标准偏差小于8%,可满足海洋反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率测定的需要.应用该方法实测了厦门筼筜湖富氧与缺氧水体的反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率,结果表明,缺氧底层水的反硝化速率[4.10～5.47μmol/（dm3·d）]比富氧表层水[0.43～0.46μmol/（dm3·d）]明显来得高,但缺氧底层水的厌氧氨氧化速率[0.00～0.12μmol/（dm3·d）]则比富氧表层水的速率[0.52～0.67μmol/（dm3·d）]低得多. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONDissolvedorganiccarbon (DOC)makesupthesecondlargestofthebioactivepoolsofcar bonintheocean ,secondtothelargestpoolofdissolvedinorganiccarbon .Theglobaldissolvedorganiccarbonpoolisestimatedtobe 6 85Gt,avaluecomparabletothemassofCO2 intheat mosphere (Hedges,1 992 ) .Thesizeofthereservoir,aswellasitsdynamics ,indicatesthatDOCplaysacentralroleintheoceancarboncycle .AsitrelatestogreenhousegasessuchasCO2 andassociatesclimatecycle ,oceanicDOCbiogeochemicalcycleshavebeenoneoftheh… 相似文献