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本文介绍了浅海海洋质子磁力仪在胶州湾中的试验结果,解决了浅海海洋质子磁力仪在实验室中未能解决的几个问题,已成功地应用于整个胶州湾的浅海海洋磁场测量中,首次获得了近岸浅海湾的完整海洋磁场资料。 相似文献
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二次世界大战后,海洋石油作为海洋新兴产业始于1949年从北美的墨西哥湾到中东的海湾开始崛起。60年代各种新科技大量涌现与应用,大大促进了海上油气勘探活动。到70年代,世界各大洲沿海国家近岸和陆架浅海区几 相似文献
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冯士筰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,(Z1)
随着沿海工业、近海工程以及海洋开发的急速发展,特别是近岸水域,像河口、海湾、陆架以及边缘浅海等遭到越来越严重的污染,使海域环境质量明显下降,对生物资源和人体健康产生了程度不同的影响,生态平衡遭到了前所未有的破坏。因此,海洋,特别是近岸水域的污染已成为世界各国,特别是像我国这样具有相当长的海岸线和众多海湾的国家所共同关心的环境问题。现在,人们已越来越认识到作为长期以来被习惯地当作天然纳污场的海洋,其容量终究是有限的。不同水域对污染物质的净化能力是不同 相似文献
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福建省近岸浅海沉积物地球化学环境质量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张开毕 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(2):45-52
福建省沿海经济带生态地球化学调查,在福建近岸浅海区域共采集479个沉积物样品,分析测试了52种化学元素以及pH值和有机碳等指标。依据《海洋沉积物质量》(GB18668-2002)的标准,对底积物中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As等重金属元素进行了环境质量综合评价,结果表明福建省近岸浅海基本为清洁区,约占70.8%;连江以北闽东海域为Cr、Cu超标的轻污染区,约占26.7%;九龙江口—厦门西港海域为Pb、Zn超标的重污染区,约占2.5%。 相似文献
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“海洋”是地球上与“大陆”相对应的巨大水体及其底土,而“海”是大陆边缘区较浅的“洋”,也是沿海国家海洋权益保障和海洋资源开发的主要区域。由于海洋自然条件的差异性十分明显,因此海洋管理和海洋科学研究中,常以“近海” “近岸海域”“浅海海域”等概念表示特定的海洋区域,尤其是在海洋管理中,这些特定的海洋区域往往指向有针对性的管理政策和管理目标,如《全国海洋功能区划（２０１１—２０２０年）》的主要量化目标即是针对“近岸海域”。然而,在海洋管理中,目前尚没有公认的海洋的区域划分方案,这也对管理政策的制定和落实构成了阻碍。文章以海洋地理学和海洋地质学中的海洋区域划分方法为基础,结合国际海洋法规和国内海洋管理实践的研究,尝试提出一个兼顾自然科学和管理科学的海洋区域划分方案。 相似文献
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海水养殖迅速发展,给海洋造成了严重污染.海水水质污染,主要有营养物污染、养殖用药污染、底泥富集污染.海洋生物污染,主要是外来生物物种入侵和生物物种基因污染,无计划的盲目开发浅海滩涂进行养殖对近岸海域滩涂湿地造成的破坏等. 相似文献
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中国近海温跃层判定方法的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据东海以及南海东北部多组资料，探讨了拟阶梯函数法和垂向梯度法在浅海区（水深〈200m）、陆架坡折海域（水深在200m左右）和深水开阔海区（水深〉200m）的应用情况，分析了温跃层在陆架坡折海域的水平衔接问题。对比分析表明：在浅海区，两种方法结果比较一致，特别对某些垂直温度梯度较弱的曲线，拟阶梯函数法和实际水文廓线符合更好。陆架坡折海域，垂向梯度法对于温度梯度相对较弱的跃层刻画不好，而拟阶梯函数法可以对较弱温跃层进行判定，与实际垂直水文结构一致。深水开阔区域，垂向梯度法所得温跃层特征量与实际符合较好，而拟阶梯函数法获得的温跃层强度偏大。因此，对本研究海域来说，当水深≤200m时，采用拟阶梯函数法，当水深〉200m时采用垂向梯度法，最小判定标准统一采用0．05℃／m，可以有效避免陆架坡折海域的水平不连续问题，与实际水文廓线符合较好。 相似文献
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《Oceanologica Acta》1998,21(6):861-870
Nitrate and ammonium uptake rates were measured in spring and summer in deep and shallow wellmixed waters of the English Channel during different cruises between 1986 and 1994. In the deep waters, nitrate uptake was relatively low during phytoplankton development and ammonium uptake represented more than 70 % of the total uptake irrespective of the season. In the shallow waters, nitrate uptake during spring phytoplankton growth was high and represented about 75 % of the total uptake. Ammonium uptake became substantial towards the end of spring and summer. The high contribution of ammonium to the nitrogenous nutrition of phytoplankton over the whole of the well-mixed waters is related to a high rate of recycling of nitrogen in the water column. Ammonium regeneration by microheterotrophs can satisfy between 62 % and the totality of the phytoplankton nitrogen requirements. The high primary production in deep well-mixed waters is not supported by allochthonous nitrogen supply but by an intense in situ regeneration of nitrogen. The situation is similar in shallow well-mixed waters, except during the spring bloom. 相似文献
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Remotely sensing in detecting the water depths and bed load of shallow waters and their changes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bed load is a type of sand drift and accumulation on the sea-bed. Sand drift is a very important index to survey the erosion or deposition of coastal zone. The change of water depths indicates the change of bed load in shallow waters. The conventional method for measuring water depth uses the shipboard echo sounder, which is accurate for point-measurement, but is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. For periodic survey of bathymetry as synoptic scale, the remote sensing method may be a viable alternative. Wave spectrum bathymetric (WSB) method takes advantages of remote sensing to obtain the bathymetry of shallow waters safely, economically and quickly. The WSB method is feasible to detect the change of water depths over coastal zones where water depths are less than about 12 m. This remote sensing method is worthy to be well developed and efficiently applied to change detection of water depths and bed load in shallow waters. 相似文献
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Analysis of body supercavitation in shallow water 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Motion of a cavitating body in shallow waters undergoes a blockage effect. There are influences of the rigid boundary (the sea bottom) and the free boundary (sea surface) in shallow waters. As shown by computation carried out with the ideal fluid theory, the combination of these influences leads to an increase of cavitation number for a cavity of a fixed length and to 3D deformations of the cavity cross-sections, with a swelling of the down cavity part. 相似文献
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作者利用浅地层剖面资料研究了天津近海海域存在的主要海底地质灾害。研究发现:浅层气、埋藏三角洲前缘、水下潮流沙脊、陡坎、沙波等地质灾害发育。浅层气主要分布在研究区北部海域的近岸附近,南部海域远离海岸浅层气逐渐增多;埋藏三角洲前缘分布区北至涧河口,南至南港工业区东部海域;水下沙脊分布于北部海域5 m~7 m水深的近岸带,地层内部前积斜层理发育;沙波区延伸长度约3 km,整体上在天津海域分布较少;海底表层陡坎出现在天津港及以南海域,其成因主要是航道两侧边缘陡坎或因吹填而抽走的泥沙造成的,近岸及远海地区均有分布。 相似文献
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Miao Guoping Yao Meiwang Zhang Chengyi Ji Chunqun
Professor School of Naval Architecture Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Senior Engineer School of Naval Architecture Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Engineer School of Naval Architecture Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 《中国海洋工程》1998,(1)
Overall wave loading and local hydrodynamic pressure distributions on a platform mat in reg-ular waves for shallow waters are experimentally investigated in order to examine the severity of thenonlinear effects and shallow water effects.Wave focusing phenomenon is observed in the tests.The meas-ured results may also provide a comparison basis for the theoretical development to consider the nonlinearinteraction between waves and viscous flow by introducing viscosity into wave theories. 相似文献
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Mud and fluid migration in active mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
Mud volcanic eruptions in Azerbaijan normally last for less than a few hours, and are characterized by vigorous extrusion of mud breccias, hydrocarbon gases, and waters. Recent fieldwork and mapping on four active mud volcanoes show that dormant period activity ranges from quiet to vigorous flow of mud and fluids. Geochemical analyses of expelled waters show a wide range in solute concentrations, suggesting the existence of a complex plumbing system. The mud and fluids have a deep origin, but are sometimes stored in intermediate-depth mud chambers. A mixing model between deep-seated saline waters and shallow meteoric water is proposed. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(26):2839-2851
During an iron-enrichment experiment in the western subarctic Pacific (SEEDS-II), concentrations of dissolved and acid-soluble rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in shallow waters. Detailed vertical profiles of dissolved REEs were compared with those of nutrients in a preliminary survey. The results showed good correlation, except for Ce and Y. Along with phytoplankton growth within the iron-enriched patch, dissolved REEs were decreased in surface waters. The changes in REE concentrations were small but systematic: light REEs were adsorbed preferentially over heavy REEs. This systematic trend is consistent with results of earlier studies of REE adsorption onto biogenic particle surfaces. However, we were unable to detect a decrease of acid-soluble REEs in surface waters. During the phytoplankton bloom decline phase, dissolved REEs were elevated to concentration levels at the preliminary survey, although nutrients were decreased. The liberation of REEs from the suspended particles might be related to disaggregation from large particles to colloid particles, desorption from the particulate phase, and remineralization from organic matter. Outside the Fe-patch, time variations of REEs were also observed during SEEDS-II, indicating that both artificially induced phytoplankton blooms and natural variation of biogenic particles can affect the biogeochemical cycles of REEs in shallow waters within a short time. 相似文献