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1.
南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值的季节特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
根据“八五”、“九五”国家科技专项南沙群岛海域综合科学考察的现场调查资料,对南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值现象的分布特征、季节变化规律作了较为全面的分析和研究,同时比较了东海、黄海海域春、夏季溶解氧垂直分布出现的最大值现象及其特征.研究结果表明南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布的最大值现象与我国东海、黄海海域的溶解氧垂直分布最大值现象无论在地理分布、深度、强度、季节性变化还是存在条件的特征化方面,均有着较大的差别.反映影响南沙群岛海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值形成的原因,均与东海、黄海海域溶解氧垂直分布最大值形成的原因有所不同 相似文献
2.
海洋环境中氧化还原敏感性微量元素的地球化学行为及环境指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据国内外最新研究成果,初步讨论了氧化还原敏感性微量元素(RSE)Re、Cd、Mo、U、V等的地球化学行为,其中包括海洋沉积物中RSE的来源、RSE在缺氧和无氧海区的沉淀富集机理及其环境指示意义。在此基础上讨论了利用RSE研究氧化还原环境时应注意的一些问题。RSE的沉淀富集机制不尽相同,但具有以下共同特点:①对底层海水的溶解氧浓度敏感。在正常溶解氧条件下,氧化还原敏感性微量元素在海水中呈溶解态稳定存在,而当底层海水处于缺氧或无氧条件时容易发生还原。②当底层海水处于缺氧或无氧条件时,经过沉积物—海水界面过程,受缺氧程度不同的制约,海水中呈溶解态的RSE依次在沉积物中沉淀,出现不同程度的富集。③持续还原条件下,RSE在沉积物中稳定存在;受氧化作用后,容易在沉积物中发生二次迁移和重新富集。不同的RSE其氧化还原电位不同,在氧化还原序列中的位置不同,Re在U之后Mo之前发生还原。因此,RSE在海洋沉积物中的不同富集特征和富集程度可作为还原程度指标研究底层海水的缺氧程度和底质的氧化还原环境。研究RSE的氧化还原环境指示意义,必须对RSE陆源碎屑来源组分进行剔除,同时,还应充分注意到还原沉积区发生氧化后,RSE在沉积物中会发生重新迁移和二次富集。 相似文献
3.
海水溶解氧夏季垂直分布中的最大值,如同其最小值一样,为溶解氧垂直分布中的一个突出的现象。它不仅出现在大洋中,而且也存在于浅海。这一现象,不同的研究者所作出的解释是不同的。有认为是生物原因,有认为是物理原因,有的则认为其原因是综合性的。本文试图阐明海水溶解氧夏季垂直分布中最大值的形成机理。一、有关溶解氧最大值形成机理的几种论点 相似文献
4.
黄海溶解氧垂直分布最大值的成因 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文对黄海溶解氧垂直分布中最大的成因进行了探讨，认为：浮游植物春花期光合作用产生的大量氧，是溶解氧垂直分布最大值得以春季形成的基础，而良好的温，密跃层的存在最氧最大值得以形成的必要条件，夏季叶绿素最大值层中较强的光合作用，最氧最大值在夏季得以维持甚至增强的主要原因。提出：黄海春，夏季溶解氧垂直分布中的最大值并非主要由冬季保持而来。 相似文献
5.
黄海溶解氧垂直分布最大值的成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对黄海溶解氧垂直分布中最大值的成因进行了探讨．认为：浮游植物春花期光合作用产生的大量氧，是溶解氧垂直分布最大值得以在春季（5月）形成的基础；而良好的温、密跃层的存在是氧最大值得以形成的必要条件，夏季叶绿素最大值层中较强的光合作用，是氧最大值在夏季得以维持甚至增强的主要原因．提出：黄海春、夏季溶解氧垂直分布中的最大值并非主要由冬季保持而来． 相似文献
6.
为了研究全浸15天不锈钢表面生物膜的形成情况,首先采用SEM及荧光显微镜进行观察,显示全浸15天不锈钢表面已有大量微生物及其腐蚀产物附着,表明其表面生物膜已经形成;进一步通过EDS对不锈钢表面进行元素分析,发现实海全浸15天的316L不锈钢表面出现了大量组成生物体的C、P等基本元素,并且还出现了不锈钢基体中所不存在而存在于生物膜及其代谢产物中O等元素,进一步证明了不锈钢表面生物膜的形成。采用16S rRNA基因结合PCR-RFLP技术分析手段对实海全浸15天的316L不锈钢表面生物膜细菌群落的多样性进行了研究,发现316L不锈钢表面附着细菌的OTU数为24,分别属于变形菌门和拟杆菌门,其中α-变形菌的OTU数是18,占总克隆数的72.3%,为绝对优势种群。 相似文献
7.
南沙群岛海域次表层溶解氧垂直分布最大值的强度特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了“八五”、“九五”国家科技专项南沙群岛海域综合科学考察的现场调查资料,对南沙群岛海域次表层存在的溶解氧垂直分布最大值现象提出了定量表征其强度的方法,并依此法对溶解氧垂直分布最大值强度的特征、季节变化、区域分布等进行了分析。结果表明,南沙群岛海域海水中的溶解氧垂直分布最大值强度在不同的海区、不同的季节表现不同。南沙群岛海区四季均有明显的溶解氧最大值现象出现,就平均值而言,春、夏、冬季次表层溶解氧垂直分布最大值现象较为明显,秋季相对较弱;春季溶解氧垂直分布最大值强度的高值出现在西南部海区和北部的珊瑚礁区,与季风过渡期海水溶解氧主要受生物作用相对应;冬、夏季较高的溶解氧垂直分布最大强度值分别出现在西北部和西部,对应于季风盛行时期的南沙西部沿岸流;夏季出现在东部和南部的低值区又与南沙群岛海区西南季风时期出现的南沙逆流相对应。定量表征的结果与该海区调查研究的分析结果相符合,同时又较好地反映了该海域在季风作用下的物理和生物过程。 相似文献
8.
１９９４ 年 ４～１１ 月在东太平洋铁锰结核区, 使用 “向阳红 ０９”船, 采集 ３９ 个表层沉积物、１２ 个上覆水和 ７ 个结核样。在现场用平板法测定了异养细菌和铁、锰细菌丰度, 用稀释法（ Ｍ Ｐ Ｎ 法） 测定硫酸还原菌丰度。为了探讨微生物在大洋成矿过程的作用, 在实验室对异养细菌和锰细菌作纯化分离, 并进行了多项生理生化实验, 参照伯杰氏手册第八版鉴定至属。使用分光光度法, 测定锰细菌对锰、铁离子的转化作用, 使用 ｐ Ｈ 计测定了ｐ Ｈ 值的变化, 同时测定了不同培养温度对转化作用的影响。结果表明, 沉积物中异养细菌的数量在 ３×１００～９５×１０３个／ｇ; 锰、铁细菌的数量在１×１００ ～１×１０３ 个／ｇ; 硫酸盐还原细菌的数量分布范围在 ０～４×１０３个／ｇ;在上覆水和结核样中各类细菌的数量均较低,比沉积物样中各类细菌数低 １ 个数量级。在细菌的种群组成方面与近海区相比存在差异, 特别是在革兰氏阳性菌的组成上微球菌占了绝对优势。在成矿作用方面, 锰细菌对锰、铁氧化还原的实验结果表明, 在好氧的条件下, 锰细菌使可溶性的 Ｍ ｎ２＋ 氧化为 Ｍ ｎ４＋ , 其氧化速度与环境温度存在密切关系, 锰细菌对铁的氧化速度比对锰的氧化速度来得快。在 相似文献
9.
锰细菌对锰、铁金属离子的转移作用 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
本文报道了锰细菌对锰的氧化和铁的氧化还原作用的实验结果.在好氧的条件下锰细菌能使可溶性的Mn2+氧化为Mn4+.在锰细菌的生长繁殖过程中其环境的pH不断升高,更有利于锰的氧化;环境的温度升高可加快细菌对锰的氧化速度.锰细菌在含低价铁的培养液中可以较快地把Fe2+氧化为Fe3+,它的氧化速度要比锰的氧化速度快;在厌氧的培养条件下,锰细菌可将溶液中的高价铁还原为低价铁,而且使其环境的pH明显下降. 相似文献
10.
海洋底质表层沉积物中的有孔虫壳体沾染上锰质微粒是沉积介质化学条件的反映。南海深水底质沉积物的四个沉积带中分别峭同量有孔虫沾染壳,有孔虫沾染壳的比例在垂向上的分布存在着这样一个规律：最上部的氧化带中较少;其下覆的氧化还原接触带中最多;至氧化还原过渡带和还原带中又变少。这说明有孔虫壳体在埋葬过程中经历了一个无沾染白色壳→沾染壳→无沾染白色壳的变化,也反映了表层沉积物孔隙中锰的生物地球化学过程。沉积物中 相似文献
11.
海洋微生物在船舶用结构钢表面附着成膜过程及其腐蚀研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过紫外分光光度计测定了海洋微生物需钠弧菌 Vibrio natriegens 的生长曲线,通过扫描电镜和原子力显微镜观测了该细菌在船舶用结构钢(DH32)钢样表面成膜过程及试样腐蚀形貌,探讨了生物膜的形成过程及其对材料表面腐蚀的影响。结果表明,生物膜的形成过程与微生物生命活动关系密切。根据对比暴露在菌液和无菌培养基中的试样表面形貌,发现细菌的附着及成膜过程的不均匀性,改变了DH32钢样表面的物理和化学状态。细菌附着区与周围形成的氧浓差电池,以及细菌新陈代谢主要产物对金属离子的络合,共同促进了试样局部腐蚀加速。 相似文献
12.
采用改良微孔板法建立哈维氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi TS-628菌株生物被膜体外模型,并进一步研究环境因子对哈维氏弧菌体外形成生物被膜的影响。结果发现,哈维氏弧菌TS-628菌株可以在聚苯乙烯板中形成生物被膜,并且该菌生物被膜的形成受起始菌液浓度、温度、pH等理化因子的显著影响。温度为30℃、NaCl质量分数为3%—6%、pH为7、孵育时间为36h是哈维氏弧菌形成生物被膜的最佳条件。此外哈维氏弧菌在分别经表皮黏液、鳃黏液、肠道黏液、肝脏提取液、脾脏提取液、肌肉提取液包被的基质上成膜效果显著,其中在经肝脏提取液包被的基质上形成的生物被膜量显著高于在其他生物基质上形成的生物被膜量(p<0.01)。 相似文献
13.
致病性副溶血弧菌生物膜形成特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用改良的微孔板法测定了12株弧菌的形成生物膜的效果,选择形成生物膜效果最好的副溶血弧菌ND-02,进一步研究了环境因子对其生物膜形成的影响。实验结果显示副溶血弧菌ND-02菌株在静置培养24～36 h后形成成熟的生物膜,在起始菌浓度为107～108CFU/mL形成生物膜的量最大;在30℃,NaCl浓度为3%～5%,pH偏弱碱性时的生物膜OD590值最大;C 2a+促进副溶血弧菌生物膜的形成,而M 2g+抑制生物膜的形成;副溶血弧菌在分别经大黄鱼表皮黏液、肠黏液和肝脏提取液包被的的基质上形成生物膜的作用明显,鳃黏液和脾脏提取液中次之,肌肉提取液包被后生物膜形成量最低。以上结果表明,副溶血弧菌ND-02菌株能形成稳定而明显的生物膜,而且生物膜的形成受温度、NaCl浓度、pH值等环境因子的影响。 相似文献
14.
Effects of mining wastes on a seagrass ecosystem: metal accumulation and bioavailability, seagrass dynamics and associated community structure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Marín-Guirao L Atucha AM Barba JL López EM Fernández AJ 《Marine environmental research》2005,60(3):317-337
Two different Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson beds growing in mining-contaminated sediments were compared with two reference beds in the Mar Menor coastal lagoon. The accumulation of Zn, Pb and Cd in different fractions of the plant, the sediment parameters that regulate the availability of metals, the seabed structure and dynamics of each seagrass bed and its associated macroinvertebrate community were studied. C. nodosa accumulates metals from the sediments and reflects their bioavailability for this seagrass. At each station, the metal content of the rhizomes was lower than that of leaves and roots. The concentration of acid-volatile sulfides does not seem to influence the availability of metals to the seagrass, possibly due to oxygen transport to underground tissues. The highest metal concentration in all the contaminated stations was found in the leaf-biofilm, due to the formation of complexes between metals and the extracellular polymeric substances that form the biofilm. All the seagrass beds were seen to be undergoing expansion, those growing in contaminated sediments accumulating great quantities of metals and showing highest photosynthetic leaf surface area and highest leaf biomass. However, these structural parameters were not seen to be responsible for the differences in the faunal composition observed between contaminated and reference beds. Moreover, the multivariate analysis identified the metal content of leaves, biofilm and sediments as important variables that may be responsible for these differences in faunal composition. In this study we have demonstrated that both the seagrass C. nodosa and the biofilm on the plant leaves may be used as environmental tools in the Mar Menor lagoon. The former is an useful indicator of sediment contamination, whereas the latter seems to be a good sentinel of water quality. 相似文献
15.
Trampling by human visitors to rocky shores is a known stressor on macroorganisms. However, the effects of trampling on rocky intertidal biofilm, a complex association of microorganisms of ecological importance in coastal communities, have not been quantified. We evaluated the impact of trampling frequency and intensity on total biomass of epilithic microalgae on intertidal rocky shores in the southeast of Brazil. There was a trend of increase in the variability of biomass of biofilm in function of intensity of trampling, but no significant effects emerged among trampling treatments. The low influence of trampling on biofilm might be a result of the small dimensions of the organisms coupled with their natural resilience and roughness of the substrate; the former preventing the removal of biofilm layers by shoes and facilitating their quick recovery. Our results provide insights for management and conservation of coastal ecosystems revealing a weaker impact of trampling on biofilm than that reported on macroorganisms. 相似文献
16.
Bacteria and diatoms exist in sessile communities and develop as biofilm on all surfaces in aqueous environments. The interaction between these microorganisms in biofilm was investigated with a bacterial genus Pseudoalteromonas sp. (strain 3J6) and two benthic diatoms Amphora coffeaeformis and Cylindrotheca closterium. Each biofilm was grown for 22 days. Images from the confocal microscopy show a difference of adhesion between Pseudoalteromonas 3J6 and diatoms. Indeed, a stronger adhesion is found with C. closterium suggesting cohabitation between Pseudoalteromonas 3J6 and C. closterium compared at an adaptation for bacteria and A. coffeaeformis. The cellular attachment and the growth evolution in biofilm formation depend on each species of diatoms in the biofilm. Behaviour of microalgae in presence of bacteria demonstrates the complexity of the marine biofilm. 相似文献
17.
We hypothesized that the presence of biofilm accelerated the settlement of dominant seaweed species and maintained high levels of species richness by regulating the blooming of particular species on an intertidal rocky shore. The coverage and species richness of macroalgae on sterile and cleared substrates (225 cm2) were measured to investigate the effects of biofilm on the settlement of macroalgae in intertidal zones at Noryang, Songmoon, and Sangnam in Gawngyang Bay on the southern coast of the Korean peninsula. Green algae coverage on cleared substrates was significantly higher than that on sterile substrates at both Noryang and Songmoon during the study period. This suggests that the presence of biofilm enhances the settlement of green algae by providing various habitat structures and, consequently, may lead to serious ‘green tide’ events. However, the coverage of algae other than green algae and algal species richness on cleared substrates remained high at Sangnam during the experimental period. Biofilm facilitated the settlement of macroalgae and inhibited the blooming of specific algae by inducing inter-specific space competition. Therefore, biofilm plays an important role on seaweed assemblages on intertidal rocky shores by accelerating the settlement of seaweed. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Sea Research》2000,43(1):83-91
Rust-coloured shells of the gastropod Hydrobia ulvae collected in the Wadden Sea near Texel and in the Jade Busen were analysed under the scanning electron microscope. Most of the shells were found to be covered with a microbial community encrusted with an iron-rich mineral containing traces of Mn, Mg, Ca and Si (EDAX analysis). The community formed a biofilm including two morphotypes of diatoms identified as Cocconeis placentula and Achnanthes lemmermanni, two morphotypes of slender filamentous bacteria resembling Leucothrix and Flexibacter, aggregates of coccoid cells and large trichomes resembling members of the cyanobacterial orders Pleurocapsales and Stigonematales, respectively. The most frequent microorganisms of the biofilm were diatoms and filamentous bacteria. 相似文献
19.
The role of biofilm proteins in modulating cyprid metamorphosis is not well understood. In the present investigation this possibility was explored by disrupting biofilm proteins using commercially available protease. The influence of natural biofilm and artificial biofilms of Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida and Bacillus brevis and their culture supernatants and exopolysaccharides obtained under different nutritional conditions was evaluated. Natural biofilm facilitated cyprid metamorphosis in Balanus amphitrite, whereas monospecies biofilms did not. The treatment of biofilms with protease resulted in a decline in metamorphosis, except in B. brevis, where although metamorphosis was negated initially, it increased with the protease concentration and observation days. As the response of cyprids to exopolysaccharides produced by A. salmonicida salmonicida was dependent on protein concentration, protease treatment resulted in a decrease in metamorphosis, whereas in case of B. brevis biofilms, protease hydrolysis products could be important in providing settlement cues. Thus, biofilm bacterial components play an important role in the cyprid metamorphosis of Balanus amphitrite. 相似文献
20.
Experimental assessment of Posidonia oceanica‐associated gastropods grazing on an early‐successional biofilm community: nutrient availability and species‐specific effects 
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下载免费PDF全文 Although grazing is considered an essential process controlling epiphyte biomass on seagrass leaves, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge about the species‐specific consumption rates of the most common grazers in Mediterranean meadows. This study experimentally assessed the effect of Posidonia oceanica‐associated gastropod grazing on early successional biofilm and the species‐specific relationship between biofilm consumption rates and biofilm biomass. Two biofilms on artificial substrata, both developed in situ (in a P. oceanica meadow), one under ambient conditions and the other under nutrient‐enriched conditions, were offered in aquaria assays to nine species of grazers found in P. oceanica meadows. Biofilm consumption rates and their association with biofilm biomass were assessed. It was found that: (i) there was a positive association between biofilm consumption and biofilm biomass up to 20 mg Chl a·m?2 for Bittium reticulatum, Gibbula ardens, Jujubinus exasperatus and Tricolia pullus; (ii) Alvania montagui, B. reticulatum and Jujubinus striatus showed the highest consumption rates and are thus expected to be amongst the leading consumers in early‐successional epiphytic communities; (iii) there was not an increase of consumption rate when a substratum colonized under nutrient‐enriched conditions was offered to any of the nine studied species. This study provides species‐specific consumption rates knowledge that is useful for the assessment of the strength of grazer–epiphyte interactions and trophic fluxes in P. oceanica meadows. 相似文献