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美国海洋保护区国家管理体系及其对我国的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从美国海洋保护区的立法基础、管理机构和职能分工、纳入国家管理体系的资质要求和流程等方面探析美国海洋保护区的国家管理体系。结合我国海洋保护区管理工作中存在的问题,提出完善我国海洋保护区的法律法规、建立健全海洋保护区综合管理网络体系、完善海洋保护区监督协调机制等对策建议,以期进一步提升我国海洋保护区管理的系统性和规范性,完善我国海洋保护区的管理体系,从而更好地保护我国的海洋生态,实现海洋资源的更有效利用,推进我国海洋生态文明建设的发展。 相似文献
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我国海洋保护区现状、存在问题和对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国海洋保护区的建立,在保护海洋环境、物种资源,维护海洋生态平衡等方面起了重要作用;然而海洋保护区虽有量的优势,但存在保护区之间面积结构不合理、保护区面积较小不利于保护物种和景观、资金缺乏、科研工作滞后、保护区类型单一、内部分区不合理、多头管理与保护积极性不足并存、海洋特别保护区与国际脱轨等问题,在分析这些问题的基础上提出了相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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东海区是我国最早开展海洋保护区建设的海区之一,被列为保护对象的生物资源、岛礁资源、景观资源和生态系统丰富多样。文章从数量和面积、典型特征以及保护对象3个方面概述东海区国家级海洋保护区的发展现状,提出目前保护区发展存在管理机构不完善、配套法规不健全、资金保障不稳定和监测能力不足等问题。在此基础上,提出加快管理机构建设,提升建设和管理水平;健全法律法规体系,夯实保护工作法律基础;拓宽资金来源,促进开发和保护协调发展;提高监视监测能力,加强保护对象监测评估的对策措施建议,以期为海洋保护区的建设和管理工作以及海洋生态环境的可持续发展提供参考。 相似文献
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Marine reserve networks are an essential and effective tool for conserving marine biodiversity. They also have an important role in the governance of oceans and the sustainable management of marine resources. The translation of marine reserve network theory into practice is a challenge for conservation practitioners. Barriers to implementing marine reserves include varying levels of political will and agency support and leadership, poorly coordinated marine conservation policy, inconsistencies with the use of legislation, polarised views and opposition from some stakeholders, and difficulties with defining and mapping conservation features. The future success of marine reserve network implementation will become increasingly dependent on: increasing political commitment and agency leadership; greater involvement and collaboration with stakeholders; and the provision of resources to define and map conservation features. Key elements of translating marine reserve theory into implementation of a network of marine reserves are discussed based on approaches used successfully in New Zealand and New South Wales (Australia). 相似文献
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Coinciding with increased numbers of global marine reserves, communities in the Pacific islands are establishing unprecedented number of periodically-harvested and indefinitely-closed marine reserves. An integrated ecological and social comparative methodology is used to examine the motivations and outcomes of reserves in Vanuatu. Communities establish permanent reserves due to concerns about human impacts on reefs, while others establish periodic reserves in response to declining resources. Local knowledge suggests that both reserve types are effective, although validation by underwater surveys was inconclusive. Community support for both reserve types is strong, suggesting that the marine reserve phenomenon in Pacific will continue. 相似文献
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为深入揭示海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展的协调关系及其影响机理,促进我国海洋科技和海洋经济的高质量和可持续发展,文章构建海洋科技创新和海洋经济发展2个系统的评价指标体系,以辽宁为实例,利用协调度模型分析二者的协调度及其演化趋势,进一步利用结构方程模型构建海洋科技创新影响海洋经济发展的驱动路径,以此分析其影响因素和影响效应,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:1997-2016年辽宁海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展的协调关系分为中度失调衰退、严重失调衰退、中度协调发展和良好协调发展4个主要阶段;海洋科技创新通过海洋资源水平、海洋经济规模和海洋经济结构对海洋经济发展产生直接效应,同时通过海洋经济规模对地区经济发展产生间接效应,即海洋科技创新对海洋经济发展和地区经济发展均产生显著的促进作用;未来应统筹海洋科技与海洋经济的协调发展,扩大海洋科技的投入和产出,积极培育海洋科研人才和新兴海洋产业,注重提高对外开放程度和发展港口经济。 相似文献
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为进一步提高山东省海洋水产种业的发展水平，促进海水养殖业和渔业经济的可持续发展，文章总结山东省海洋水产原、良种产业的发展特点，分析存在的问题，并提出对策建议。研究结果表明：山东省海洋水产原、良种产业具有起步较晚但发展速度较快，品种多、覆盖面广，代际连续性较强以及原、良种场建设全国领先的特点；目前仍然存在海洋水产良种的市场化程度较低、水产企业良种研发能力较弱以及国家级原、良种场的作用未有效发挥的问题；今后应重点推动育种技术进步，推进育、繁、推一体化发展模式，树立品牌意识，建立良种独立技术体系，加大对水产企业的支持力度，加强种质资源保护以及建立市场准入制度。 相似文献
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本文阐述分析了福建省沿岸及海岛的海洋能资源、利用现状及其开发利用对策，并明确指出本省可供开发利用的海洋能资源丰富，就地取能是解决海岛能源短缺、促进海岛经济腾飞的重要途径之一。 相似文献
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韭山列岛海洋生态自然保护区及其附近海域底拖网生物资源的分布及群落结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解韭山列岛海洋生态自然保护区(下简称保护区)生物资源分布、群落结构特征及受干扰情况,于2012年4月(春)、7月(夏)对保护区及其附近海域进行了底拖网生物资源调查。运用物种多样性指数、丰度生物量比较曲线(abundance-biomass comparison curves,ABC)、相似性聚类(Bray-Curtis)及非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multi-dimensional scaling,NMDS)等方法,比较分析了春、夏季保护区及其附近海域底拖网生物资源的物种多样性、群落结构及稳定性。结果显示:(1)调查海域共出现海洋生物45属47种,隶属7门11纲22目36科,其中保护区42种,保护区附近海域37种,节肢动物丰度和生物量最高;(2)日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicas)为保护区及其附近海域特征种,保护区季节间物种更替率(64.29%)低于其附近海域(72.97%);(3)保护区平均丰度为37.459ind/Agt,平均生物量为59.160g/Agt,其附近海域平均丰度为37.048ind/Agt,平均生物量为37.230g/Agt,保护区丰度和生物量高于其附近海域;(4)春季保护区与其附近海域Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、Margalef物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数相近且均较低,夏季保护区多样性指数高于其附近海域;(5)ABC曲线表明,春季保护区及其附近海域处于轻微干扰及未受到干扰状态,夏季保护区处于轻微干扰状态,其附近海域处于重度干扰状态。综上所述,韭山列岛海洋生态自然保护区的设立,在提高物种多样性、物种丰度、生物量及维持群落结构的稳定性方面优于其附近海域。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of currently available substrate data to designate marine reserves to meet conservation objectives. The case study site is Lyme Bay (approx. 2460 km2), in the western English Channel. An area of 240 km2 in Lyme Bay was designated ‘closed to bottom dredging’ in July 2008 with the aim of protecting reefs which are an important habitat for Eunicella verrucosa (pink sea fan). The effects of using different substrate data resolution on the selection of sites to protect a range of biotopes using the Marxan package are determined. The effect of including a closed area on the efficiency of a marine reserve network is also investigated. Findings suggest that substrate data did not capture the biodiversity of the area and that using no data at all was equally effective. If low resolution data are all that are available then other options, such as expert opinion, or other data, such as activity use information could be used instead. Including a predefined closed area into the analysis led to an increase in area required to meet conservation goals using high resolution biotope data. It also increased the area of the reserve using the three substrate layers with no increase in protection for biotopes. This suggests that when designing networks of marine protected area sites, including current protected areas may be inefficient, resulting in larger areas being protected with no increased conservation of marine biodiversity. Policy makers must be prepared to adapt management in light of these findings and be aware of the shortcomings of the data available for use in marine conservation planning. 相似文献
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This article is an analysis of observed changes in the level of fishing effort and the spatial distribution of fishing effort following implementation of a marine reserve off the California coast. The Rockfish Conservation Area (RCA) closes the area between depth contour based boundaries to commercial trawl fishing. In this analysis, commercial fishing vessels are grouped based on their level of fishing effort within the closed area prior to the closure in order to compare changes in effort levels between groups. The results suggest that the RCA may have had a small effect on the level of fishing effort in the California groundfish trawl fishery. Spatial distribution of fishing effort before and after implementation of the marine reserve is also compared. Some concentration of effort occurred along parts of the closed area boundaries. This pattern suggests the “fishing the line” behavior noted in the marine reserve literature, but other possible explanations exist including the effects of coincident changes in other regulations and changing bioeconomic conditions. 相似文献
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我国自然保护地的建设和发展经历了60余年,仍然存在重叠设置、多头管理、边界不清、权责不明,以及自然保护地保护与当地经济发展矛盾突出等问题,亟须对现有自然保护地管理体制、机制进行改革,建立自然生态系统保护的新体制、新机制。因此现有自然保护地体系优化调整理论和技术方法研究成为近期生态环境保护研究的热点和重点。文章剖析了福建深沪湾海底古森林遗迹自然保护区存在的问题。提出自然保护区的优化调整对策,包括：厘清自然保护区与地质公园的关系;逐步解决历史遗留问题;妥善处理自然保护区与海水养殖之间的矛盾;优化自然保护区向陆一侧边界线;对自然保护区实行分区管控政策等。调整后的深沪湾海底古森林遗迹自然保护区面积为24.66 km2,比原自然保护区面积减少1.17 km2。其中：核心保护区面积为7 km2,一般控制区面积为17.66 km2。为编制深沪湾海底古森林遗迹自然保护区优化调整方案和历史遗迹自然保护区管理提供参考。 相似文献
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威海在发展海洋经济方面有着天然优势和巨大潜力,如何更好地挖掘、利用传统优势,更好地转型、再造新优势,推动海洋经济发展走在前,是威海面临的一项重大课题。文章从大海洋概念入手,系统、科学地分析了威海在海洋空间与资源开发利用、海洋科技创新驱动、海洋经济发展机制模式等方面的历史和现状,提出了推进海洋经济高质量发展的过程中面临的过程性、结构性问题,并深入地剖析了问题出现的原因。文章立足于海洋发展的全过程,创新性地从宏观和微观两个层面,提出符合威海实际、切实可行地巩固传统优势、塑造新优势和打造海洋经济发展新格局的对策建议。 相似文献