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《海洋科学集刊》2016,(0)
中尺度涡在大洋中普遍存在,研究发现,其能量比大尺度海洋环流的能量大一个量级,在海洋物质能量输运和全球气候变化中起着重要作用。受观测条件限制,目前对中尺度涡的观测主要通过卫星高度计实现,只能从海面高度来推算中尺度涡大小、分布、强度及其伴随的水体和能量输送,而卫星高度计对中尺度涡垂直结构特征认识不足,也导致了对中尺度涡所引起的上层海洋能量、热量输送估计误差偏大。目前,对中尺度涡三维结构观测认识不足,展望未来将会出现基于无人船平台的大洋中尺度涡三维结构自动观测系统,该平台将集成自动水下剖面观测功能等先进技术,以便观测中尺度涡的垂直结构特征及其时空变化特征,进而系统地认识中尺度涡带来的物质和能量输送。 相似文献
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南海上层中尺度涡统一三维结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于归一化合成分析的方法,利用卫星高度计资料和CTD观测资料,在满足静力平衡和地转平衡条件的假设下研究了南海中尺度涡的三维结构,给出了南海中尺度涡归一化之后的三维结构,并与全球大洋中尺度涡统一的三维结构进行对比。结果显示,在1.5倍涡旋半径以外,南海中尺度涡水平结构的收敛速度大约为全球大洋中尺度涡水平结构收敛速度的2.5倍,前者比后者的影响范围要小约1.5倍涡旋半径。由于数据原因,我们仅合成了南海0至800m水深中尺度涡的垂直结构,从垂直结构的合成结果来看,由于受到背景层结和科氏参数的影响,南海与全球大洋各海区中尺度涡的垂直结构具有明显的不同,随着深度的增加,南海中尺度涡垂直结构的衰减速度明显更快。 相似文献
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作为重要的海洋中尺度现象之一,中尺度涡的研究受到人们的关注和重视。随着数值模式的进一步发展、卫星资料的累积、时间更长以及更多更有效的海上实测数据的取得,使得综合利用实测资料、卫星遥感资料、再分析/数值预报产品等数据源,对中尺度涡进行自动识别与三维结构分析成为中尺度涡研究的主要方向之一。在前期对卫星遥感资料中尺度涡自动检测算法进行研究的基础上,开展多源资料中尺度涡三维结构分析方法研究,以表面漂流浮标运动轨迹为中尺度涡的判定依据,综合利用高度计观测、红外遥感观测、以及再分析/数值预报产品分析中尺度涡三维结构信息,在此基础上,提出中尺度涡研究的发展方向,为全面分析中尺度涡的时空特性提供技术途径,为中尺度涡的动力机制研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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为深入研究太平洋中尺度涡的三维结构特征,解决常规一维剖面和二维平面图对温盐空间分布规律分析不足的弊端,文章在三维结构合成分析的基础上首次引入Voxler平台,建立太平洋中尺度涡温盐要素的三维数据模型,实现太平洋中尺度涡三维结构的可视化表达,利用历史观测数据合成的太平洋中尺度涡三维结构,对温盐结构特征进行直观的全空间三维分析。研究结果表明:太平洋反气旋涡温度异常的主体结构深度约200m,呈鹅卵石状,涡旋结构可维持到1 000m;盐度异常的主体结构深度约300m,呈水平扁平水滴状,涡旋结构仅维持约800m;与盐度异常的三维结构相比,温度异常结构较复杂,且涡旋结构更明显,到达深度也更深,即温度受中尺度涡的影响更显著。 相似文献
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南海深层环流作为印太海域热盐环流的重要组成部分,研究其时间变异特征对于深入认识印太海域大洋环流具有重要意义。中尺度涡作为南海极为活跃的动力过程,有观测显示其影响深度可超过2000m。结合海表面高度计资料与潜标观测资料,识别南海区域中尺度涡,并分析了中尺度涡对深层流场以及温度场的影响。针对三个中尺度涡的潜标实测结果表明:在涡旋经过时,海洋深层流动有明显的变异,表现在速度、温度方面,速度增加量能达到5.5cm/s,温度变异可达到0.02℃。涡旋经过时,海洋上层、深层流向呈相反态势,第一斜压模动能显著增强。 相似文献
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借助卫星高度计数据,对中尺度涡进行识别和追踪;以16年内中尺度涡个数上的生消为判据,发现中尺度涡在除赤道外的全球大洋中生消频繁,但在海盆内区并没有明显的生成占优区或消亡占优区;而在中纬度近岸的狭窄东边界内中尺度涡生成居多,在另一侧近岸的狭窄西边界中尺度涡消亡居多。同时,我们以一阶斜压模态所对应的特征深度作为两层结构的内界面深度,并假定涡动能平均分配于正压模态和一阶斜压模态,计算得到了包含涡动能和涡有效重力位能的中尺度涡能量年平均净生成率和净耗散率,发现虽然海盆西边界是涡场能量耗散大于能量生成的区域,但强耗散过程实际上在海盆西侧内区的强流及其回流区均有发生。另外,中尺度涡生消个数差值的分布与中尺度涡能量净生成率和净耗散率的分布表明,虽然海盆东边界近岸区域内中尺度涡的生成居多,但该区域中尺度涡的能量偏弱,因此该区并非涡场能量的主要源区。 相似文献
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以西太平洋海域 2 个中尺度涡为例,利用 AVISO 卫星高度计观测的海平面高度异常(Sea Level Anomaly,SLA)数据、HYCOM 模式的温度、盐度数据及水下滑翔机实测数据,分析了 Ocean Data View 软件(ODV)在实现该区域中尺度涡运动特征规律研究的实用性,探讨了中尺度涡分析处理的关键技术和方法。 结果表明：利用 ODV 软件能够快速绘制海平面高度异常值和海表面流速的平面图,进而准确判别中尺度涡类型、追踪中尺度涡在海表面的水平空间尺度及演化特征;也可绘制任意航迹温、盐深断面图用于分析中尺度涡的垂直结构和判别涡结构类型;同时 ODV 软件也提供了垂直涡结构实测数据与模式数据对比分析模式,为中尺度涡研究提供强有力的分析工具和技术支撑方法。 相似文献
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中尺度涡旋是海洋中典型的中尺度现象，是海洋中能量传递的运输者，中尺度涡识别与提取是物理海洋学研究的重要内容之一，而中尺度涡自动发现算法是最基础的用于寻找与分析中尺度涡的工具。中尺度涡旋探测工作的数据来源主要为卫星高度计数据融合出的SLA数据，该数据可以客观的描述海洋表层高度状态。中尺度涡表示为SLA闭合等值线所包围的局部等值区域，涡旋识别需要从SLA数据中提取出稳定的闭合等值线结构。针对基于SLA数据中的中尺度涡探测的特点，本文提出了一种新的基于聚类方法的中尺度涡自动识别算法，通过对SLA数据集的分割与筛选将中尺度涡区域与背景区域分离，后建立区域内联系并将其映射到SLA地图上来提取中尺度涡结构。本文算法解决了传统探测算法中参数设定的敏感性问题，不需要进行稳定性测试，算法适应性增强。算法中加入了涡旋筛选机制，保证了结果的涡旋结构的稳定性，提高了识别准确率。在此基础上，本文选取了西北太平洋及中国南海地区进行了中尺度涡探测实验，实验结果展示出了本文算法在较传统算法提高算法效率的同时，也保持着较高的算法稳定性，可以在稳定识别各个单涡结构的同时识别稳定的多涡结构。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献