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南海北部陆坡区具备天然气水合物形成聚集的地质条件,神狐海域的海底沉积层温度和压力条件符合水合物成藏的要求;源岩生烃潜力巨大且烃类运移条件良好,可以为水合物成藏提供充足的气源和通畅的运移通道。然而,钻探结果揭示了神狐海域天然气水合物在相似地质背景地区聚集分布的差异性,其机理及控制因素并不清楚。基于研究区8口钻探井的成藏地质条件,综合对比分析了成功获取及未获取水合物站位处的地震、测井、钻井、地球化学等数据,并以此探究南海北部神狐地区天然气水合物分布不均匀性的控制和影响因素。 相似文献
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神狐海域天然气水合物的特征及其气源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国天然气水合物首钻的钻探结果显示,南海北部陆坡神狐海域的天然气水合物呈分散浸染状分布在以粗粉砂、中粉砂、细粉砂和极细粉砂为主要组分的松散沉积物中。沉积物顶空气组成分析显示,神狐钻探区沉积物中的游离气体主要是烃类气体,另外也有微量的CO2,其中,甲烷含量界于62.11%~99.91%之间,平均含量达到了98.04%。而天然气水合物的气体同位素组成显示,神狐海域形成天然气水合物的烃类气体主要是微生物通过CO2还原的形式生成。在此基础上,进一步分析了神狐海域研究区上中新统上部和上新统微生物成因甲烷的生产力,认为神狐海域具备良好的适合微生物成因甲烷大量生成的地质条件。 相似文献
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珠江口盆地神狐海域是天然气水合物钻探和试验开采的重点区域,大量钻探取心、测井与地震等综合分析表明不同站位水合物的饱和度、厚度与气源条件存在差异。本文利用天然气水合物调查及深水油气勘探所采集的测井和地震资料建立地质模型,利用PetroMod软件模拟地层的温度场、有机质成熟度、烃源岩生烃量、流体运移路径以及不同烃源岩影响下的水合物饱和度,结果表明:生物成因气分布在海底以下1500 m范围内的有机质未成熟地层,而热成因气分布在深度超过2300 m的成熟、过成熟地层。水合物稳定带内生烃量难以形成水合物,形成水合物气源主要来自于稳定带下方向上运移的生物与热成因气。模拟结果与测井结果对比分析表明,稳定带下部生物成因气能形成的水合物饱和度约为10%,在峡谷脊部的局部区域饱和度较高;相对高饱和度(>40%)水合物形成与文昌组、恩平组的热成因气沿断裂、气烟囱等流体运移通道幕式释放密切相关,W19井形成较高饱和度水合物的甲烷气体中热成因气占比达80%,W17井热成因气占比为73%,而SH2井主要以生物成因为主,因此,不同站位甲烷气体来源占比不同。 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡尖峰北盆地发育良好的气源及含气流体运聚疏导条件,具备较好的天然气水合物成藏潜力。为深入揭示尖峰北盆地水合物的成藏地质特征,基于高精度三维多道地震、浅地层剖面、多波束资料,深入分析了研究区深、浅部含气流体运聚疏导通道的地质、地球物理特征及对水合物成藏的控制作用。详细刻画了研究区深、浅部主要含气流体疏导通道的形态特征、发育规模、分布特点及对含气流体运聚的控制作用;重点剖析了深、浅部含气流体疏导通道组合特征及与水合物分布的耦合关系,最后结合水合物成藏地质条件,探讨了研究区水合物的成藏模式及影响因素。研究结果表明:尖峰北盆地的含气流体疏导通道主要以断裂型为主,亮点反射、反射空白带、BSR、声空白、声浑浊等含气流体运聚及水合物赋存指示标志多出现在沟源断层、古隆起伴生断层、多边形断层的顶部及邻近区域。以T3反射界面为界,其下伏沟源断层、古隆起伴生断层与上覆多边形断层构成的深、浅部含气流体疏导通道在垂向上相连通,沟通了深部气源层与浅层水合物稳定域,形成了"沟源断层—多边形断层"与"古隆起伴生断层—多边形断层"两种含气流体运移与水合物成藏模式。多边形断层的存在一方面促进了含气流体向浅层发生"中继疏导",控制水合物富集成藏;另一方面,在多边形断层密集发育段,强烈的流体充注会引起局部温压平衡破坏和水合物分解、渗漏,导致"断续型"BSR的产生。浅层气体的渗漏和扩散可以持续作用至海底并对海底形态进行改造,导致海底滑塌、断裂、麻坑、丘状体等一系列海底微地貌的形成。 相似文献
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针对天然气水合物沉积成矿因素不明确等问题,通过利用南海北部神狐海域的高分辨率三维地震、测井和岩心等资料,对晚中新世以来的地层进行了高分辨率层序划分和精细的沉积解释。从温压、沉积、构造等方面探讨了神狐海域天然气水合物分布的主控因素,认为：BSR上部附近处于水合物稳定温压范围内;粗粒沉积物有利于天然气水合物的富集;在含水合物层段内,孔隙度与天然气水合物饱合度成正比关系;滑塌体是天然气水合物赋存的有利相带;气烟囱形成过程中产生的断裂系统可为富含甲烷流体向上运移提供通道,并在其上部滑塌体富集成矿。因此,神狐海域具备天然气水合物成藏的优越条件,是天然气水合物勘探开发的有利区块。 相似文献
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本文通过南海北部陆坡神狐海域浅地层、单道地震剖面联合解释,发现了一系列与天然气水合物密切相关的海底异常地貌、地层结构.在精细浅地层剖面上发现了陆坡丘状体、浅部断层以及由连续强反射层、声空白补丁、局部增强反射和声空白带构成的海底浅部含气带.浅部含气带位于海底之下34-82m,通过其空间分布位置判断,认为气体来源于深部天然气水合物的分解.在单道地震剖面上识别出麻坑、气体渗漏柱、褶皱、模拟海底反射(BSR,bottom simulating reflector)等结构.BSR位于我国首次钻取的天然气水合物样品深度之下,判断其为该区水合物稳定带底界.依据ODP1148站深海钻井的地层厚度、沉积速率、测年等资料进行地层划分,识别出渐新世、中新世等地层界面,初步建立了神狐海域水合物区沉积地层年代标尺.地层年代划分结果表明BSR、褶皱、首次钻取的水合物样品位于晚中新世至上新世地层内,以上地层成为南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物勘探重点目标层位. 相似文献
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南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物形成及分布的地质因素 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从天然气水合物发育的地质构造条件、沉积条件、气源条件、温压条件等分析了神狐海域影响水合物形成及分布的地质因素.指出神狐海域处在洋陆壳的过渡带上,断裂-褶皱构造及流体底辟构造发育,对水合物的形成具有重要的控制作用.受等深流和海底滑塌双重作用,研究区沉积异常体发育,沉积厚度大、沉积速率高,有利于水合物发育.通过对神狐海域附近钻探结果及区内地质调查站位资料的分析表明:目标区具有含巨量的生物气和热成因气资源潜力,具备形成天然气水合物的气源条件,气源为文昌-恩平组烃源岩.此外,受热流值北高南低的分布格局的影响,神狐海域BSR埋深也表现为北部浅南部深,且BSR分布区整体处在天然气水合物稳定存在的温压范围内,满足水合物形成及保存所需的温压条件.神狐海域的地质构造条件、沉积特征、气源条件、温压条件等都非常有利于天然气水合物发育. 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2015,(11)
对神狐海域多道地震数据进行分析发现了很多天然气水合物及游离气的地震响应特征,包括BSR(似海底反射)、BSR下伏强反射以及烟囱体构造等。该区域气烟囱构造的分布与BSR的分布比较一致,气烟囱构造是深部热解气垂直运移的主要通道,深部烃源岩产生的热解气通过气烟囱等垂直裂隙向上运移至水合物稳定带,产生大量聚集,有利于水合物形成。因此,搞清楚研究区的气烟囱构造分布对于该区域天然气水合物成藏及分布研究具有重要意义。传统识别气烟囱的方法只能通过地震剖面上的弱反射柱状构造或相关属性分析,研究利用基于MLP算法的神经网络结合多属性特征,综合高效的分析了该区域气烟囱构造带的分布,并根据该区域地质构造分布与BSR分布特点分析了该区域气烟囱对天然气水合物成藏的影响。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(5)
我国在神狐海域钻探发现了高饱和度天然气水合物,由于该地区受迁移峡谷影响,水合物在空间的分布变化较大。本文把测井数据和地震数据相结合识别了BSR并解释了侵蚀面等层位,沿水合物稳定带底界提取多种属性,并对属性结果进行优化分析。发现振幅类属性对水合物显示较为敏感,不同站位水合物矿体展布特征不同。在W19井和SC-02井水合物矿体呈马蹄状分布,W18井矿体呈斑点状分布,分别位于埋藏水道天然堤的局部高点和水道头部高点上,矿体形态与构造高点形态一致。测井异常指示的水合物层在SC-02井伽马值较高,而W18和W19井水合物层伽马值较低,表明不同站位含水合物层泥质含量不同。而地震解释和属性分析发现水合物层位于一个规模较大的气烟囱构造上部,流体运移是控制该区域水合物成藏的重要条件,气体组成分析表明热成因气为水合物的成藏提供重要气源。 相似文献
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琼东南盆地深水区流体势分析及其对天然气水合物成藏的意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对深水区缺乏钻井资料的情况,从可以广泛获取的叠加速度出发建立了一套计算地下流体势(气势)的方法,并以此对琼东南盆地深水区进行了实例分析,以此来获得天然气运移和水合物成藏的有益信息。盆地广泛发育断裂、底辟构造,影响着水合物的分布。BSR发育区与气体势场强度的汇聚区域有着较好的对应关系,水合物根据成因可分为两类:一类是以浅部地层生物成因气为主,另一类是以深部热成因气为主。大部分断层对应于相对低势区,反映断层的开启性,可以作为气体运移的通道,其上部发育深部热成因气为主的水合物藏。在构造隆起附近发育的底辟具有相对高气势的特征,这类底辟携带大量的深部热成因气运移至浅部,为水合物的形成提供充足的气源,在其附近剖面上常具有BSR的显示。 相似文献
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Gareth J. Crutchley Sebastian Geiger Ingo A. Pecher Andrew R. Gorman Hai Zhu Stuart A. Henrys 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(3-4):283-303
Regional erosion of the Rock Garden ridge top, a bathymetric high within New Zealand’s Hikurangi Subduction Margin, is likely associated with its gas hydrate system. Seismic data reveal gas pockets that appear partially trapped beneath the shallow base of gas hydrate stability. Steady-state fluid flow simulations, conducted on detailed two-dimensional geological models, reveal that anomalous fluid pressure can develop close to the sea floor in response to lower-permeability hydrate-bearing sediments and underlying gas pockets. Transient simulations indicate that large-scale cycling of fluid overpressure may occur on time scales of a few to tens of years. We predict intense regions of hydro-fracturing to preferentially develop beneath the ridge top rather than beneath the flanks, due to more pronounced overpressure generation and gas migration through hydrate-bearing sediments. Results suggest that sediment weakening and erosion of the ridge top by hydro-fracturing could be owed to fluid dynamics of the shallow gas hydrate system. 相似文献
14.
The northern South China Sea (NSCS) experienced continuous evolution from an active continental margin in the late Mesozoic to a stable passive continental margin in the Cenozoic. It is generally believed that the basins in the NSCS evolved as a result of Paleocene–Oligocene crustal extension and associated rifting processes. This type of sedimentary environment provides a highly favourable prerequisite for formation of large-scale oil- and gas–fields as well as gas hydrate accumulation. Based on numerous collected data, combined with the tectonic and sedimentary evolution, a preliminary summary is that primitive coal-derived gas and reworked deep gas provided an ample gas source for thermogenic gas hydrate, but the gas source in the superficial layers is derived from humic genesis. In recent years, the exploration and development of the NSCS oil, gas and gas hydrate region has provided a basis for further study. A number of 2D and 3D seismic profiles, the synthetic comparison among bottom simulating reflector (BSR) coverage characteristics, the oil-gas area, the gas maturity and the favourable hydrate-related active structural zones have provided opportunities to study more closely the accumulation and distribution of gas hydrate. The BSR has a high amplitude, with high amplitude reflections below it, which is associated with gas chimneys and pockmarks. The high amplitude reflections immediately beneath the BSR are interpreted to indicate the presence of free gas and gas hydrate. The geological and geochemical data reveal that the Cenozoic northern margin of the NSCS has developed coal-derived gas which forms an abundant supply of thermogenic gas hydrate. Deep-seated faults and active tectonic structures facilitate the gas migration and release. The thermogenic gas hydrate and biogenic gas are located at different depths, have a different gas source genesis and should be separately exploited. Based on the proven gas hydrate distribution zone, we have encircled and predicted the potential hydrate zones. Finally, we propose a simple model for the gas hydrate accumulation system in the NSCS Basin. 相似文献
15.
The role of sub seabed topographically controlled fluid migration is assessed to improve our understanding of distributions of acoustic chimneys at the Nyegga pockmark field on the mid-Norwegian continental margin. 3D seismic data interpretations resulted in topographic gradients of seismic time surfaces and RMS amplitude maps. Topographical gradient maps and flow tracing allowed identifying migration pathways and trapping locations for free gas within the shallow sub seabed. The occurrence of acoustic chimneys, pockmarks and mounds correlate with identified fluid migration pathways and gas trapping locations. An important factor that controls the trapping locations and the lateral distribution of seeps on the seabed at Nyegga is the variation through time of the depth of the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ). Fluids can derive from gas hydrate systems that are suspected of being a biogenic source and/or Tertiary domes that are considered to show leakage of thermogenic fluids to the shallow geosphere. 相似文献
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Irina Popescu Gilles Lericolais Nicolae Panin Marc De Batist Hervé Gillet 《Geo-Marine Letters》2007,27(2-4):173-183
This study is a synthesis of gas-related features in recent sediments across the western Black Sea basin. The investigation
is based on an extensive seismic dataset, and integrates published information from previous local studies. Our data reveal
widespread occurrences of seismic facies indicating free gas in sediments and gas escape in the water column. The presence
of gas hydrates is inferred from bottom-simulating reflections (BSRs). The distribution of the gas facies shows (1) major
gas accumulations close to the seafloor in the coastal area and along the shelfbreak, (2) ubiquitous gas migration from the
deeper subsurface on the shelf and (3) gas hydrate occurrences on the lower slope (below 750 m water depth). The coastal and
shelfbreak shallow gas areas correspond to the highstand and lowstand depocentres, respectively. Gas in these areas most likely
results from in situ degradation of biogenic methane, probably with a contribution of deep gas in the shelfbreak accumulation.
On the western shelf, vertical gas migration appears to originate from a source of Eocene age or older and, in some cases,
it is clearly related to known deep oil and gas fields. Gas release at the seafloor is abundant at water depths shallower
than 725 m, which corresponds to the minimum theoretical depth for methane hydrate stability, but occurs only exceptionally
at water depths where hydrates can form. As such, gas entering the hydrate stability field appears to form hydrates, acting
as a buffer for gas migration towards the seafloor and subsequent escape. 相似文献
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2015~2016年在神狐新钻探区钻遇大量水合物岩心，证实南海北部神狐新钻探区具有较好的水合物成藏环境和勘探前景。结合2008~2009年该区采集的地震资料，我们对晚中新世以来细粒峡谷的沉积特征及其相应的水合物成藏模式进行了分析。通过对大量地震剖面进行解释，发现该区峡谷两侧的隆起上发育大量的滑塌体。本文通过岩心粒度分析，地震相识别分析和水合物测井响应分析等手段综合识别出对水合物成藏有控制作用的三种类型的滑塌体：原生滑塌体、峡谷切割滑塌体、和同生断裂滑塌体。结合沉积速率、流体流速分析和峡谷迁移等沉积学要素对滑塌体成因进行分析，认为峡谷切割滑塌体由于后期峡谷迁移对前期滑塌体切割形成的、同生断裂滑塌体是由于隆起区基底不平引起差异性沉降而形成的。不同类型的滑塌体发育位置不同：原生滑塌体常发育在隆起中坡度较缓的区域、峡谷切割成因滑塌体常发育在不定向迁移的峡谷两侧、同生断裂滑塌体常发育在隆起中坡度起伏较大的区域。三种类型滑塌及其相应的水合物成藏模式不同，其中原生滑塌体有利于水合物成藏，而另外两种类型的滑塌体由于其不能对自由气进行有效封堵而不利于水合物成藏。根据三种滑塌体对水合物成藏的响应指出在粗粒的含有孔虫粉砂岩储层上，覆盖细粒的泥岩对自由气进行封堵有利于水合物成藏，并且多层的泥岩覆盖是造成水合物稳定带中水合物多个分层成矿现象出现的原因。 相似文献
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The South China Sea (SCS) shows favorable conditions for gas hydrate accumulation and exploration prospects. Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) are widely distributed in the SCS. Using seismic and sequence stratigraphy, the spatial distribution of BSRs has been determined in three sequences deposited since the Late Miocene. The features of gas hydrate accumulations in northern SCS were systematically analyzed by an integrated analysis of gas source conditions, migration pathways, heat flow values, occurrence characteristics, and depositional conditions (including depositional facies, rates of deposition, sand content, and lithological features) as well as some depositional bodies (structural slopes, slump blocks, and sediment waves). This research shows that particular geological controls are important for the presence of BSRs in the SCS, not so much the basic thermodynamic controls such as temperature, pressure and a gas source. Based on this, a typical depositional accumulation model has been established. This model summarizes the distribution of each depositional system in the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise, and also shows the typical elements of gas hydrate accumulations. BSRs appear to commonly occur more in slope-break zones, deep-water gravity flows, and contourites. The gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the Shenhu drilling area mostly contain silt or clay, with a silt content of about 70%. In the continental shelf, BSRs are laterally continuous, and the key to gas hydrate formation and accumulation lies in gas transportation and migration conditions. In the continental slope, a majority of the BSRs are associated with zones of steep and rough relief with long-term alternation of uplift and subsidence. Rapid sediment unloading can provide a favorable sedimentary reservoir for gas hydrates. In the continental rise, BSRs occur in the sediments of submarine fans, turbidity currents. 相似文献
19.
Multichannel seismic data, containing high-amplitude reflections from Cenozoic sediments of the Bjørnøya Basin, southwestern Barents Sea, have been studied, inferring the existence of gas hydrate and free gas. The Cenozoic succession comprises Late Palaeocene and Early Eocene claystones and siltstones and locally also some sandstones overlain by Late Pleistocene glaciogenic sediments. The inferred gas hydrate and free gas accumulations are mainly located in the vicinity of larger faults which can be followed up to base Tertiary level, and which seem to have controlled the geographical distribution of the accumulations. Free gas accumulations are inferred to occur most frequently within the Late Palaeocene strata that occur below the gas hydrate stability zone, and indicate that relatively small gas leakages from deeper accumulations have dominated. Larger gas leakages have probably led to gas migration up into the gas hydrate stability zone and, together with the increasing thickness of the hydrate stability zone towards the north, control the distribution of the suspected gas hydrates. The inferred gas leakages are closely related to the Cenozoic evolution of the Barents Sea, and are probably caused by gas expansion due to the removal of up to 1 km of sediments from the Barents Sea shelf and/or reservoir tilting during the Late Cenozoic glaciations which affected this area. 相似文献