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1.
Numerical benchmark studies on drag and lift coefficients of a marine riser at high Reynolds numbers
Numerical benchmark studies on drag and lift coefficients of a marine riser have been organized by the 27th ITTC Ocean Engineering Committee. The purpose of the studies was to benchmark the capabilities of CFD methods through quantitative comparisons and validation studies against the model test results of a circular cylinder by MARIN. Studies were focused on the drag crisis phenomenon for the stationary smooth cylinder in the critical Reynolds number regime. Eight organizations have participated in the studies by using RANS, DES and LES methods. An overview of the model test results, test cases, submissions and comparison results are presented in this paper. Conclusions and recommendations are made for future studies. 相似文献
2.
Time domain simulations of nonlinear motions of two-dimensional floating bodies in waves are presented. The so called `body exact' approach is adopted in a numerical wave tank. A new scheme for pressure evaluation on the wetted hull is developed and systematically used with good results in terms of accuracy and stability. Strongly flared geometries are successfully handled even at very large amplitude motions. The validation of the code is carried out according to the 20th ITTC Seakeeping Committee recommendations through internal checks of consistency and through comparisons with available experimental data. 相似文献
3.
Characteristics of turbulent boundary layers over a rough bed under saw-tooth waves and its application to sediment transport 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A large number of studies have been done dealing with sinusoidal wave boundary layers in the past. However, ocean waves often have a strong asymmetric shape especially in shallow water, and net of sediment movement occurs. It is envisaged that bottom shear stress and sediment transport behaviors influenced by the effect of asymmetry are different from those in sinusoidal waves. Characteristics of the turbulent boundary layer under breaking waves (saw-tooth) are investigated and described through both laboratory and numerical experiments. A new calculation method for bottom shear stress based on velocity and acceleration terms, theoretical phase difference, φ and the acceleration coefficient, ac expressing the wave skew-ness effect for saw-tooth waves is proposed. The acceleration coefficient was determined empirically from both experimental and baseline k–ω model results. The new calculation has shown better agreement with the experimental data along a wave cycle for all saw-tooth wave cases compared by other existing methods. It was further applied into sediment transport rate calculation induced by skew waves. Sediment transport rate was formulated by using the existing sheet flow sediment transport rate data under skew waves by Watanabe and Sato [Watanabe, A. and Sato, S., 2004. A sheet-flow transport rate formula for asymmetric, forward-leaning waves and currents. Proc. of 29th ICCE, ASCE, pp. 1703–1714.]. Moreover, the characteristics of the net sediment transport were also examined and a good agreement between the proposed method and experimental data has been found. 相似文献
4.
港区陆域形成的填挖方量对工程经济性影响非常大,寻找精确地计算港区陆域工程量使纵向设计最优化的方法是港区工程全寿命周期各个环节的关键。基于传统方法的计算原理与应用现状分析了现有方法在港区土方计算中存在的问题,借鉴建筑信息模型BIM(Building Information Modeling)思想,对Civil 3D的土方计算原理与操作流程进行研究,最后以某港区石化仓储库区场平方案为例,参考传统计算软件HTCAD的计算结果,验证了Civil 3D在港区工程量计算中的便捷性与可靠性。结果显示:Civil 3D的计算精度比HTCAD高7%～20%,计算速度是HTCAD的数十倍,在修改过程中计算速度达数百倍。研究成果为采用Civil 3D进行港区陆域土方计算提供理论和技术依据。 相似文献
5.
Low-frequency damping of a moored semisubmersible drilling platform was obtained from numerical extinction tests simulated in still water and in regular waves and from mean wave drift forces calculated at zero forward speed. The influence of drag forces was represented by the modified Morison equation. The platform as used for the 18th ITTC Comparative Mooring Study was analyzed in irregular beam waves. The computed time series of sway as well as the corresponding sway response spectrum compared favourably with model test measurements, demonstrating that this procedure to determine low-frequency damping can be effective. 相似文献
6.
利用限制性最大似然方法和贝叶斯方法估计大菱鲆生长性状的遗传参数。 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bayesian and restricted maximum likelihood(REML) approaches were used to estimate the genetic parameters in a cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus stock. The data set consisted of harvest body weight from 2 462progenies(17 months old) from 28 families that were produced through artificial insemination using 39 parent fish. An animal model was applied to partition each weight value into a fixed effect, an additive genetic effect, and a residual effect. The average body weight of each family, which was measured at 110 days post-hatching, was considered as a covariate. For Bayesian analysis, heritability and breeding values were estimated using both the posterior mean and mode from the joint posterior conditional distribution. The results revealed that for additive genetic variance, the posterior mean estimate( δ_a~2=9 320) was highest but with the smallest residual variance,REML estimates( δ_a~2=8 088) came second and the posterior mode estimate( δ_a~2=7 849) was lowest. The corresponding three heritability estimates followed the same trend as additive genetic variance and they were all high. The Pearson correlations between each pair of the three estimates of breeding values were all high,particularly that between the posterior mean and REML estimates(0.996 9). These results reveal that the differences between Bayesian and REML methods in terms of estimation of heritability and breeding values were small. This study provides another feasible method of genetic parameter estimation in selective breeding programs of turbot. 相似文献
7.
A special case of geosynthetic tubes is the geosynthetic mattress characterized by its larger width-to-height ratio and higher lateral-force-resisting capacity. When the geosynthetic mattresses are adopted for dike or breakwater construction in coastal engineering projects, they are often laid on deformable foundation soil. The induced ground settlement will influence the cross-sections and tensile forces of the geosynthetic mattresses. Two analytical methods, called the Winkler foundation method and the e–log p method, are proposed in this paper to analyze the geosynthetic mattresses resting on deformable foundation soil. For the Winkler foundation method, the subgrade soil is assumed as a Winkler elastic foundation represented by the modulus of subgrade reaction, Kf. For the e–log p method, the 1D consolidation relationship (e–log p curve) is adopted to describe the behavior of the subgrade soil within which the distribution of vertical surcharge is calculated using Boussinesq equation. The numerical analyses using FLAC are also conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed methods. The differences between the analytical and numerical solutions are also discussed. It is found from this paper that the proposed e–log p method is more suitable than the Winkler foundation method for the calculation of the geosynthetic mattress resting on deformable foundation soil. 相似文献
8.
Many animals are sexually dimorphic, but the underlying evolutionary causes and ecological consequences of sexual dimorphism are not fully understood. One predicted consequence for sexual dimorphism is that different sexes show niche differentiation. If sexual dimorphism is in feeding appendages, then differences may be manifested by different diets and thus contrasting behavioural responses to potential prey. Sexual dimorphisms in feeding appendages may also result in different handling times, which may then be correlated with differences in exposure, and, hence predation risk to the predator while feeding. In addition, the prey of the sexually dimorphic predator may respond differently to cues from each sex according to the predation risk each presents to the prey. We tested these predictions using a crab (Carcinus maenas) with sexual dimorphism in chelae dimensions, its predator the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis and prey with known differences in handling times; the gastropod molluscs Gibbula umbilicalis and Littorina littorea. We demonstrated that male C. maenas orientated more frequently to cues from L. littorea whereas females orientated more towards G. umbilicalis in contradiction of patterns predicted by handling times. Male crabs had a faster heart rate than females but this was not influenced by food‐based cues. We also showed no difference in foraging times with respect to changing levels of predator risk and also no differences in gastropod responses to odours from male or female crabs. Our results showed that predictions of handling time and sexual dimorphism are not associated. The experiments indicated the male and female crabs are probably ecological equivalents and thus niche differentiation is less likely. 相似文献
9.
地磁场的向下延拓是实现磁场数据空间转换的主要手段,是多源海洋磁力测量数据融合和构建三维海洋磁空间背景场模型的关键技术。在分析频域位场向下延拓方法原理基础上,分别采用了4种向下延拓方法将300 m高度磁测数据延拓至200 m高度,并与同一海区200 m高度实测数据对比,以检验各延拓方法的计算效果,为构建三维海洋磁空间背景场模型提供参考。结果表明:Tikhonov正则化法延拓结果与实测数据最接近,积分迭代法容易放大实测数据中高频噪声,延拓误差最大,迭代Tikhonov正则化法与Landweber迭代法延拓结果等值线最光滑,各方法计算误差相差不大,均在4 nT左右,但各方法计算值缺乏局部细节信息,与实测数据仍存在一定差距。 相似文献
10.
利用冷冻切片技术,通过形态学和解剖学方法,对采自我国东海沿岸浙江南麂列岛的大型海洋红藻珊瑚藻目(Corallinales)的有节类群进行了分类学研究。经鉴定,共发现珊瑚藻目有节类群2属5种,分别为珊瑚藻科Corallinaceae叉节藻亚科Amphiroideae叉节藻属Amphiroa的带形叉节藻A.beauvoisii;珊瑚藻亚科Corallinoideae珊瑚藻属Corallina的鳞形珊瑚藻C.confusa、粗枝珊瑚藻C.crassisima、珊瑚藻C.officinalis和小珊瑚藻C.pilulifera。通过较为清晰的解剖学特征图片,对该5种有节珊瑚藻外部形态和内部特征进行了详细的比较与描述。结合近年来国际上有关上述部分物种的分类地位变化,对我国现存的带形叉节藻A.zanata、粗扁节藻Bossiella cretacea和大边孢藻Marginisporum crassissimum的归并问题展开了详细分析与讨论,以期促进对珊瑚藻目海藻分类学有更加深入的理解。 相似文献
11.
海岸线是分形领域最传统的研究课题 ,但是在目前的海岸线研究中却忽略了一个重要且根本性的问题 ,那就是海岸线分维数不同计算方法之间是否存在着一定的差异 ,根据不同计算方法计算所得的分维数之间是否具有可比性。在概述海岸线分维数计算方法的基础上 ,分析了它们之间的异同 ,并进行了实证研究。指出 :使用量规法、网格法计算所得海岸线分维数结果之间存在着客观的差异 ,文中利用量规法计算所得的海岸线分维数结果大于使用网格法计算所得的海岸线分维数结果。 相似文献
12.
随机波浪下Truss Spar平台垂荡运动时域分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
研究Truss Spar平台在随机波浪下的垂荡运动特性。采用ITTC双参数谱,考虑绕射作用,数值计算了平台所受的随机波浪力。利用已有的水动力试验和数值模拟结果及Morison方程,估计了Truss Spar平台垂荡方向的附加质量和粘滞阻尼大小。考虑非线性阻尼和瞬时波面的影响,运用Runge-Kutta数值迭代算法,比较了不同随机波浪参数对平台运动响应的影响,特别是波浪特征周期接近垂荡固有周期时。结果表明,当波浪特征周期接近平台垂荡固有周期时,平台产生大幅垂荡运动,频域的运动分析结果比时域结果偏小。 相似文献
13.
Stakeholder consultation is being adopted as standard practice in the planning and management of natural resource management programs. While the utility of stakeholder participation has been investigated for the evaluation and implementation phases of natural resource management programs, few studies have examined the utility of stakeholder consultation during the initial phases of developing such programs. This paper presents a case study from a project developing a marine and coastal monitoring program for the Pilbara and Kimberley region of northern Western Australia. Via a series of workshops held in the region, stakeholders were asked to prioritise future research needs using several voting procedures. During the analyses of the results from the different voting procedures, it became apparent that there were high levels of inconsistency, poor correlation, and contradiction, between participants’ responses. Despite the rigour of the selection process used to identify ‘suitable’ stakeholders for the workshops, these results show that stakeholders did not have the technical or broader contextual knowledge about marine ecosystems to effectively and objectively contribute to the research prioritisation and planning process. Based on the outcomes of this study, we argue that project designers need to be clear about why they are involving stakeholders in a project, particularly in light of the costs involved (financial, time, resources, costs to the stakeholder) in stakeholder consultation. Stakeholder involvement may be appropriate in later stages of developing natural resource management programs (implementation and management), however, stakeholder involvement is not appropriate in the initial phases of such programs, where scientific expertise is essential in formulating scientific concepts and frameworks. 相似文献
14.
A three-dimensional （3-D） finite volume coastal ocean model （FVCOM） was used for the study of water cir culation and seawater exchange in the Benoa Bay, Bali Island. The M2 tidal component was forced in open boundary and discharge from six rivers was included in the numerical calculation. The M2 tidal elevation produced by the FVCOM has a good agreement with the observation data. The M2 tidal current is also suc cessfully calculated under the ebb tide and flood tide conditions. The non-linear M2 tidal residual current was produced by the coastline geometry, especially surrounding the narrow strait between the Serangan Is- land and the Benoa Peninsula. The tidal residual current also generated two small eddies within the bay and one small eddy in the bay mouth. The salinity distribution influenced by river discharge could be success- fully calculated, where the numerical calculation and the observation results have a good correlation （r2） of 0.75. Finally in order to examine the seawater exchange in the Benoa Bay, the Lagrangian particle tracking method and calculation of residence time are applied. The mechanism of particle transport to the flushing of seawater is depicted clearly by both methods. 相似文献
15.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):365-372
Understanding differences in the recapture rate between different tags (A-, B- and C-types), capture methods (rock-and-surf anglers, scientific divers and Natal Sharks Board protection nets) and life-history stages (juvenile and adult) is critical in evaluating the results obtained from cooperative tagging programmes (CTPs). A generalised linear modelling approach, using a log-linear model, was used to determine significant differences in the probability of recapture between these various factors using data from the Oceanographic Research Institute and Port Elizabeth Museum CTPs. Between 1984 and 2004, a total of 3 385 raggedtooth sharks Carcharias taurus was tagged by volunteers from both programmes along the east coast of South Africa. A likelihood ratio test indicated significant differences in the probability of recapture between A- and C-type and B- and C-type tags (p < 0.01), between different capture methods (p < 0.05) and between juvenile and adult sharks (p < 0.01). A comparison of recapture rates between members of the CTPs also indicated a marked variability in the performance of individual taggers. The study highlights important data-quality issues inherent in large CTPs. 相似文献
16.
Richard B. Pollnac Brian R. Crawford Maharlina L. G. Gorospe 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2001,44(11-12)
Community-based marine protected areas have become a popular coastal resources management method advocated in many projects and programs. While many case studies have been written about factors contributing to project success, few empirical studies using quantitative methods have been employed. A study was conducted of 45 community-based marine protected areas in Philippines. Several success measures were developed and analyzed in relation to a number of independent variables categorized as contextual or project intervention factors. Correlations between individual factors and the dependent variables are discussed. Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the most important predictors of success. These included: population size of the community, a perceived crisis in terms of reduced fish populations, successful alternative income projects, high levels of participation in community decision making, continuing advice from the implementing organization and inputs from local government. The implications of these results for policy makers and project managers are discussed. 相似文献
17.
护面是海堤和护岸的重要结构,直接抵御波浪作用,可采用人工块体、块石等,种类繁多。采用紧密排列方块石作为护面结构是一种景观性较好的型式,依据方块石厚度不同能抵御不同大小的波浪作用。干砌条石及干砌块石护面曾有一些规范给出过计算方法,但现行规范没有相关内容可供设计参考,已有计算方法的理论分析还存在不足。当波浪与斜坡堤相互作用时,方块石护面出现位移或脱落可能发生在波浪回落最低阶段、波浪破碎打击阶段及破后爬高水流作用阶段,通过研究得到了不同阶段波浪对方块石护面作用力的计算方法。在波浪回落最低阶段,考虑了护面及其下方垫层渗透性影响,通过理论分析建立了低渗透护面浮托压强计算模型,采用物模试验将计算结果与试验测量值进行了对比分析,结果表明总体趋势符合,量值接近;在波浪破碎冲击阶段,基于射流冲击作用原理,提出了波浪在斜坡面破碎冲击压强计算方法,通过试验分析了波浪破碎水深波高比与破波相似参数的关系,利用浅水波理论计算了波浪破碎冲击水流流速;在爬高水流作用阶段,提出了水流引起的方块石护面垂直浮托力及水平拖曳力的计算方法,通过试验结果拟合了浮托力系数和拖曳力系数,验证了水流作用下护面的受力特征。最后,针对方块... 相似文献
18.
Françoise Breton Jaume Clapés Alfons Marquès Gerda K. Priestley 《Ocean & Coastal Management》1996,32(3):153-180
This article offers some reflections on beach management, on the basis of the results of a survey on the recreational use of beaches and beach users' perception, which was carried out in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona in 1992. The first part outlines the situation of the beaches, recent metropolitan beach policy and the organization of administrative bodies responsible for beach management. Survey objectives and methods are also explained briefly. In the second part, the principal results of the survey are presented and different beaches are compared in an attempt to analyse the types of users, the uses they make and the perception they have of the beaches. The conclusions identify new emerging social needs which demonstrate that new trends in beach management are also needed. Practical recommendations, related to this emerging perception of beaches as natural systems, are suggested. 相似文献
19.
Abstract A project was initiated in 1986 to investigate an apparent significant discrepancy between geodetic and oceanographic leveling determinations of mean sea level around the coast of Great Britain. In oceanographic terms this discrepancy is equivalent to a sea slope in a North‐South direction. The project, which lasted for 3 years, has been carried out in conjunction with research groups at the University of Edinburgh, the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, and the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain. It has involved combining Global Positioning System (GPS)‐derived ellipsoidal height differences with a high‐precision geoid, leading to an independent determination of the orthometric heights of tide gauges along the east coast of Great Britain. A major GPS campaign was observed in May 1988. Measurements were made at time gauges between Leith and Lowestoft while simultaneously making measurements at fiducial sites. The results of the 1988 and subsequent campaigns are presented and discussed, and details are given of further observation campaigns to monitor the vertical movement of tide gauges around the coast of Britain by GPS. 相似文献
20.
Tracy K. Collier S.Denise Connor Bich-Thuy L. Eberhart Bernadita F. Anulacion Anders Goksoyr Usha Varanasi 《Marine environmental research》1992,34(1-4)
We are currently analyzing hepatic cytochrome P4501A and associated monooxygenase activities in fish sampled in several regional and national monitoring programs, including the National Benthic Surveillance Project of NOAA's Status and Trends Program, damage assessment studies of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, and intensive surveys of specific embayments, such as Puget Sound, Washington. Thus far, apparent contaminant-related increases in the activities of cytochrome P4501A-dependent monooxygenases have been readily measured in most test species. The results presented in this paper show that, for II species of fish, there is excellent concordance between hepatic activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD); moreover, levels of cytochrome P4501A determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are also generally concordant with results from catalytic assays. The use of both a catalytic assay and immunoquantitation is recommended, because of the additional quality assurance provided by concurrent use of an immunoquantitation technique, which is desirable in large monitoring programs. 相似文献