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1.
2018年8月山东北部弥河流域受台风暴雨影响发生洪涝灾害，通过对洪水淹没区考察，选择弥河及其支流丹河下游新鲜洪水沉积保存完好的地点，获取两根沉积物浅钻MH1、DH2(长度分别为21.5、21 cm，下段为现代土壤)，对沉积岩芯进行X射线荧光光谱(XRF)元素连续扫描，结合粒度指标和其他研究成果，探讨现代洪水沉积物元素特征及其在古洪水事件识别中的指示意义。结果显示，Al、Ti、Si、Ca、Fe等元素具有相似的波动特征，相互之间正相关关系显著，信号强度在细粒洪水沉积层出现峰值；Rb元素信号强度与粒度相关性弱，在钻孔中的变化较为稳定，仅在沉积界面处有所降低，可能与岩芯裂隙造成的实验偏差有关；Sr、Zr两种元素显著正相关，且信号强度在洪水沉积层较低。Zr/Rb和Rb/Sr分析结果表明，两者均受控于粒度特征，风化淋溶作用对其影响有待进一步研究，其中Zr/Rb与粒度呈现较强的正相关性，Rb/Sr则与粒度负相关关系显著，且在其他区域洪水地层研究中具有一致结论。Zr/Rb峰值和Rb/Sr谷值对应黏土质洪水沉积，Zr/Rb谷值和Rb/Sr峰值对应粒度粗组分高值的粉砂质洪水沉积，可在古洪水沉积识别中作为参... 相似文献
2.
通过野外考察,在黄河中游北洛河宜君段基岩峡谷,发现夹有古洪水滞流沉积物的全新世风成黄土-土壤地层.在野外观察和分析的基础上,自剖面顶部向下系统采取样品,进行磁化率、烧失量、碳酸钙、粒度成分和化学元素含量的测试分析.综合野外观测和实验分析结果,确定了在古土壤中所夹的具有波状或者水平层理的沉积层,为河流悬移质泥沙在高水位滞... 相似文献
3.
青海湖湖东沙地全新世风成沉积物磁化率特征及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在亚洲季风控制区,黄土-古土壤序列中的磁化率能够很好地反映土壤成壤强度和区域沉积环境变化,但在风成砂-古土壤序列中磁化率的古气候意义仍有待研究。选取青海湖湖东沙地典型风成砂-古土壤序列,基于AMS14 C和光释光测年结果,结合土壤学中传统的土壤发育指标,对沉积物的磁化率特征及环境意义进行分析。研究表明在青海湖盆地风成砂-古土壤序列里,磁化率与成壤强度密切相关:(1)剖面磁化率总体表现为古土壤层最高、弱发育古土壤层次之和风成砂层最低的规律。相较低频磁化率χlf,频率磁化率χfd%能够更好、更细致地反映沉积环境的变化;(2)剖面中磁化率与成壤强度有关(正相关),因成壤作用对两剖面原始物源各粒级组分的改造程度不同,磁化率与黏粒和粉砂正相关;(3)基于剖面磁化率以及粒度特征的综合分析,将青海湖湖东沙地全新世以来气候环境划分为3个阶段:10kaBP以前气候冷干,成壤作用微弱;10~4kaBP气候暖湿,成壤作用显著;4kaBP至今,气候逐渐趋于冷干,成壤作用渐弱。 相似文献
4.
江汉平原肖寺地区在3098 a B.P.至1326 a B.P.间形成了约200 cm的河流及漫潍沼泽相沉积,在对该地区一个典型剖面沉积特征初步研究的基础上,以2.5 cm为间距,对剖面的12.5～197.5 cm段系统采集了79个样品,并进行了粒度和质量磁化率的测定与分析.结果表明:沉积物磁化率值的大小与沉积相,尤其是与沉积物的粒度存在相关性.一般规律是河流相粉砂的磁化率值大,而湖沼相粉砂质粘土及泥炭的磁化率值偏低.粒度和磁化率值的变化在一定程度上指示了古水文事件,粗砂组分含量及磁化率的高峰可能指示了特大越岸洪水事件.粒度和磁化率值变化同时也揭示了江汉平原肖寺地区冷期洪水事件频率明显高于暖期,可能与西风带的范围与强度有关. 相似文献
5.
通过对采集于江苏省盐城市上冈镇的三个柱状沉积剖面(W,M,E)的岩性特征及其对比关系的分析、沉积物14C年代的测定以及沉积物样品的粒度、磁化率特征的分析,结合有孔虫和颗石藻的分析结果,判定研究沉积层段为全新世中期的潮滩沉积.孢粉分析结果显示当时的气候较现在温暖.以潮汐层理的周期性特征为依据,对以泥为主的潮滩沉积剖面中每隔10~20cm有规律出现的一层砂作了分析,结果表明这一沉积特征为季节性的潮滩沉积旋回.在此基础上,观察沉积剖面中的风暴潮事件的记录状况,估算出剖面中记录的与9711号台风风暴潮强度相当的风暴潮的发生频率为二至四年一遇,而依据盐城市东台梁垛河闸多年的现代最高潮位资料,应用耿贝尔(Gum-bel)曲线拟合法计算出的9711号台风所引起的风暴潮频率为十二年一遇,即全新世中期温暖期的台风风暴潮的频率比现在大.据此推测全球变暖后台风风暴潮的频率将会增加. 相似文献
6.
通过对铜川剖面黄土-古土壤沉积粒度的组成和变化特征及磁化率值进行分析,探讨了该地区11.4～1.5 kaBP期间的古气候变化特征。结果表明:(1)铜川剖面黄土-古土壤沉积以粉砂粒(4～63μm)为主,黏粒(4μm)次之,砂粒(63μm)含量最低。(2)粒度和磁化率值在不同地层单元呈规律性变化:粉砂粒和砂粒在黄土层中较高,古土壤层中较低;黏粒和磁化率值在黄土层中较低,古土壤层中较高。(3)粉砂粒、黏粒和磁化率值的变化情况较好地记录了铜川地区11.4～1.5 kaBP期间的气候变化特征,可以将该地区的气候变化划分为4个阶段:11.4～10.2 kaBP寒冷干燥期,10.2～9.1 kaBP略温偏干期,9.1～4.4 kaBP温暖湿润期,4.4～1.5 kaBP较冷干期。 相似文献
7.
通过对石老人海滩不同季节表层沉积物体积磁化率的原地实测和所取表层样品粒度分级,结合海滩沉积动力环境因素综合分析得知,石老人海滩不同季节表层沉积物磁化率值总体上都表现出东高西低,滩肩高滩面低的趋势。海滩沉积物颗粒夏季比冬季细,分选好。海滩磁化率和沉积物粒度在海滩上的空间分布特征及其季节性变化存在一定联系。海滩的侵蚀沉积过程主要受冬夏季不同的波浪、沿岸流和风的作用影响。通常磁化率值高的区域为颗粒较细的侵蚀区,磁化率值低的区域为颗粒较粗的沉积区。磁学方法作为一种简便快捷低成本易操作的新方法,可以代替耗时的粒度和矿物分析,来分析海滩的沉积动力作用过程,识别海滩的侵蚀和沉积区域。 相似文献
8.
黄河三角洲飞雁滩HF孔沉积物的磁性特征及其环境意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对黄河三角洲飞雁滩HF孔岩芯磁性特征的研究表明,大多数沉积物的磁性特征由PSD和SD磁铁矿所主导,少数以SD和PSD磁铁矿所主导。按磁化率等磁参数的变化可将该孔划分为7个层位,参照前人研究成果,结合岩性分析以及沉积物粒度和磁性特征,推断HF孔所在飞雁滩地区大致经历了河流—海陆过渡—浅海—前三角洲—三角洲前缘的沉积过程。沉积物磁性参数与粒度之间具有良好的相关性,可将χARM、χARM/χ和χARM/S IRM视作细粒级组分含量的代用指标。 相似文献
9.
对长江口泥质区24Z孔的沉积物柱状样进行了粒度和元素分析,根据沉积物的粒度特征可将岩芯从下到上分为3个阶段:A阶段(1931—1964年)粒度参数的波动较小,各层位平均粒度Φ在5.58~7.65;B阶段(1964—1983年)粒度参数波动范围比A阶段更小,整个阶段没有出现明显峰值,Φ在6.51~7.37;C阶段(1983—2003年)粒度参数波动范围明显增大,出现多个峰值,Φ在5.59~7.46。元素Zr和Rb质量比(mZr/mRb)的大小实际上反映了粗粒级矿物与黏土粒级矿物的相对含量的高低,24Z孔的沉积物中mZr/mRb波动范围在1.02~3.59,出现了多个明显的峰值。利用24Z孔沉积物平均粒度和mZr/mRb识别出多个突变层位,结合长江中下游洪水水文记录,发现突变层位年代与20世纪80年代后的水文洪水年份有着较好的对应,这可能与长江主泓的变化有关。对比突变层位与正常层位的粒度特征,突变层位沉积物的粒度频率曲线呈负偏态且峰高而尖,正常层位粒度频率曲线呈正偏态且峰低而宽,同时,概率累积曲线也指示突变层位沉积物在沉积过程中受到了更强的水动力作用。研究长江口泥质区南部24Z孔的沉积物粒度特征和对洪水事件的沉积响应,可以更好地了解长江洪水所携带的粗颗粒物质在长江口泥质区的分布范围,有助于重建长江流域古洪水从而更好的认识长江流域洪水发生的规律。 相似文献
10.
江苏潮流砂的粒度特征及其沉积环境的研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
刘振夏 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1983,(4)
砂是大陆架上最主要的一种沉积物类型,按其形成时间有现代砂和残留砂之分.按作用的营力,可分为河流砂、波浪砂、风成砂和浊流砂等.不同成因的砂具有不同的特点,并组成相应的不同地貌形态.由于一定的沉积物是一定沉积环境的产物,所以,研究不同类型砂的分布形态、粒度、矿物、化学成分及沉积构造等特征,可以了解其形成时的沉积环境,这是目前迅速发展的石油地质的迫切需要,也是沉积动力学、动力地貌学和岩相古地理研究的重要内容.其沉积物的粒度特征是作用营力的性质和强度的良好指示.对上述各种成因砂的粒度特征,沉积学家已作了大量的研究,这里涉及的是另一种外营力——潮流形成的潮流砂的粒度特征及其相应的地貌形态. 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
16.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
17.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
18.
E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
19.
The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
20.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献