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晚第四纪长江三角洲高分辨率层序地层学的初步研究 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：24
根据钻孔资料分析了长江三角洲冰后期层序的构成：古河谷内由河床相，浅海相－河口湾相组成，海侵面在滞留沉积与潮坪堆积物之间，最大海侵面位于浅海相和前三角洲泥质层中，古河间地层层序包含滨海相，浅海相和潮坪相，其海侵面与层序界面重合，最大海侵面在浅海泥质层中，在古河谷和古河间的沉积相组合不同，但二者同在一个海侵海退旋回中形成，属同一层序。 相似文献
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亚热带汉江三角洲第四纪沉积物中的孢粉记录揭示 ,过去５５ｋａ区域植被与气候史主要分为三期 :①大量温带树（包括针叶树）孢粉记录表明 ,约２４０００１４ＣａＢ．Ｐ．盛行寒冷—温暖潮湿气候 ;②２００００～１５０００１４ＣａＢ．Ｐ．海平面下降 ,出现寒冷干燥环境 ,引起地表出露、风化和沉积作用中断 ,Ｄａｃｒｙｄｉ ｕｍ和Ｓｏｎｎｅｒａｔｉａ从此区域迁移 ;③大约１０３００１４ＣａＢ．Ｐ．,草地短期扩展 ,Ｌａｕ ｒａｃｅａｅ—Ｆａｇａｃｅａｅ常绿森林减少 ,可能与新仙女木气温下降相吻合。综合数据表明 ,中全新世（７５００… 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(5)
江苏省江都地区南北向6个钻孔研究表明,晚更新世晚期(包括MIS3阶段)长江三角洲镇江(大港)—江都河段为辫状河道沉积,末次盛冰期由于全球性海面下降形成下切河谷。冰后期海平面上升引发的海侵造成古河谷的充填,并依次形成河床相、河漫滩相、河口湾相及三角洲相。冰后期早期的河床相黄色含砾砂层在该河段均有分布,可以作为标志层,其底板可作为冰后期—末次盛冰期的界面。古河谷中部冰后期与末次盛冰期地层具有连续沉积的特征,表明末次冰期低海面时长江仍为入海河流。冰后期海侵大约在9kaBP到达本区;最大海侵发生在6.5～7.0kaBP,此时三角洲已开始发生进积作用,河口沙坝也同时开始形成。三角洲平原形成以后,区域构造运动影响了河谷的均衡调整,密集的入江水道及人类活动不断改变三角洲平原的微地貌景观。 相似文献
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广西江平地区沙坝-泻湖沉积相序与沉积环境演变过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在地貌、第四纪地质野外调查和３３个钻孔资料的基础上,运用粒度、碎屑重矿物、微体古生物和１４Ｃ年代测定等方法探讨江平沿岸沙坝－泻湖体系的沉积相序和沉积环境演变过程。沙坝－泻湖发育在一片起伏不平的基岩侵蚀面上,其沉积相序自下而上为：基岩侵蚀面→河床→、河漫滩相→河口湾、近岸浅海相→滨外沙坝、半封闭泻湖相→风成沙丘、封闭充填泻湖沼泽相。本区的沙坝泻湖属于海退型。作者初步认为本区沙坝可分为新、老２期,老沙坝大约形成于６７００～３６００ａＢ．Ｐ,新沙坝大约形成于２３００～１０００ａＢ．Ｐ。 相似文献
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末次冰消期以来黄海海平面变化与黄海暖流的形成 总被引：28，自引：5，他引：28
ＹＳＤＰ１０２孔和ＹＳＤＰ１０３孔位于南黄海东南侧冷涡所对应的泥质沉积区,它们揭示了自末次冰消期以来的海侵沉积序列：海侵滞留沉积→潮流砂脊／潮坪～海滩沉积→陆架泥质沉积。该沉积序列上部的陆架泥质沉积厚度可达５０余米,在浅地震剖面上其内部存在一个明显的反射界面,从而将泥质沉积体分为上、下两个单元。泥质沉积体呈灰绿色调,含少量自生黄铁矿,但其内反射界面以上的沉积物含水量高。根据两个钻孔岩心中有孔虫的分布规律、泥质沉积层的化学组分、沉积磁组构特征以及现有测年数据,得到如下结论：（１）黄海暖流形成于大约６ｋａＢ．Ｐ．,（２）泥质沉积层内反射界面以上的沉积物是与黄海暖流伴生的冷涡沉积,（３）黄海地区末次冰消期海侵自略早于１４ｋａＢ．Ｐ．之前开始,至约６ｋａＢ．Ｐ．海平面达到最高位置。从６ｋａＢ．Ｐ．至今,海平面经历了几次波动,即在６～４ｋａＢ．Ｐ．和３～１．９ｋａＢ．Ｐ．海平面超过现今海平面位置;在４～３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．和１．９ｋａＢ．Ｐ．～现代,海平面有所降低,可能与现今海平面高度相当。 相似文献
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鄱阳湖2000年来的环境演化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
通过对鄱阳湖中大汊湖ＤＣＨ孔沉积物粒度、磁化率、孢粉、有机碳含量等指标的综合分析,恢复了鄱阳湖２０００年来环境演化过程。研究表明,鄱阳湖经过多次扩张,形成如今的格局。约在１５００ａＢ．Ｐ．前后水面由北向南扩张至大汊湖附近。大汊湖由古赣江河流洼地（１５００ａＢ．Ｐ．前）发展为赣江三角洲分流间洼地。该地区气候的变化经历了多次波动,９００ａＢ．Ｐ．以前偏干,气温略高于后期;９００ａＢ．Ｐ．以后偏湿,在４５０ａＢ．Ｐ．前后温度偏低。鄱阳湖人类活动出现较早,人类活动随自然环境的变化在湖泊沉积物中有所反映。 相似文献
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芝罘连岛沙坝北端泻湖是６０００ａ Ｂ．Ｐ．以来海平面变化过程中的产物，其形成受海平面变化，气候变化，海岸古环境与近岸物质迁移的影响，泻湖附近地貌发育经历了水下沙嘴，砾石堤发育，封闭泻湖形成４个阶段。 相似文献
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西藏扎布耶湖地区三万年以来的花粉记录 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对藏北高原扎布耶湖ＺＫ２钻孔沉积物的花粉记录，揭示了该地区三万年以来植被和气候演变历史。３７３００－３６０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为森林草原植被，气候温湿，淡水湖时期；约３６０００－３１７００ａＢ．Ｐ．灌丛草原植物，气候冷干，湖水出现短暂咸化，３１７００－２０８００ａＢ．Ｐ．森林草原植被，气候温暖湿润，湖面扩大，湖水加深时期，２０８００－１４４００ａＢ．Ｐ．荒漠植被，气候冷干，湖水咸化，湖面开始缩小，初 相似文献
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云贵高原晚新生代孢粉植物群与环境变迁 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：8
本文依据２０多个剖面（钻孔）近７００个样品的孢粉资料及古地磁极性年表建立了云贵高原４Ｍａ以来的孢粉时间序列，并划分了四个区域孢粉组合带，１７个孢粉组合亚带。依据孢粉混杂堆积的出现，认为云贵高原的上升始于２．８ＭａＢ．Ｐ．，加剧于０．８ＭａＢ．Ｐ．前后。前期地形相对高度＜１０００ｍ，后期相对高度达１５００ｍ；地貌经历了开阔盆地－低洼盆地－山地湖盆－高山湖盆的演化。气候经历了古季风、现代季风的发展过程 相似文献
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《Marine Geology》2005,219(4):235-259
This paper deals with the sedimentary facies and evolution of the Qiantang River (QR) estuary, and the characteristics and formation of the incised valley sequences and the related shallow biogenic gas reservoir, on the basis of analysis of over 500 cores.The result shows that, since the last glaciation, the Late Quaternary formation of the QR estuary area underwent three stages: (1) deep-cutting stage; (2) rapid-filling stage; and (3) burial stage. The fall of global sea level during the last glacial maximum enhanced the fluvial gradient and river cutting, resulting in the formation of the large-scale QR and Taihu incised valleys, with the interfluve being exposed to air on both flanks of the incised valley. Fluvial terraces at the elevations are present near the present QR estuarine mouth, corresponding to 60–70, 90–100 and 115–125 m burial depths. The valleys were filled rapidly with fluvial sediments during the post-glacial period; with the rise of sea level, the river mouth migrated to landward, and backwater and retrogressive aggradation was enhanced. The QR and Taihu incised valleys are associated with an early filling and transgressive channel-infilling sequence formation, and a late filling and transgressive floodplain-estuary formation. Subsequently, the QR valley was buried under estuarine-marine and estuarine sand bar sediments. From bottom to top, the incised valley successions can be grouped into four sedimentary facies: river channel, floodplain-estuary, estuary-shallow marine, and estuary sand bar.The thickness of the river channel-infilling deposits is controlled mainly by base level rising, backwater, retrogressive aggradation and neotectonism. Further, localized thickening took place where deeper scour pools were present in the incised valley or fluvial terraces were formed during the fall of elative sea level.During the deposition of the floodplain-estuary facies, the conditions of sea level rise, tidal regime, sediment supply and accommodation space were suitable for the development of a tidal ridge system; the sand lenses associated with this facies may represent a tidal ridge system in the incised valley. At the later stage when the estuarine sand bars were formed, the sedimentary conditions were no longer favourable, resulting in absence of sand ridge deposits. Biogenic gas is stored in the floodplain-estuary sand lenses of the incised valleys. The Changjiang River provides the major sediment supply for the QR estuary sand bar, and the QR carried sediments constitute only a small portion of the deposits. 相似文献
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《Oceanologica Acta》1998,21(2):243-261
The Medoc Peninsula is a triangular area of land between the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the Gironde estuary on the east. The Gironde, orientated SE-NW, is the largest estuary in France. On the Medoc Peninsula Holocene sediments cover a substratum of Tertiary limestones and Plio-Pleistocene fluvial terraces. The Gironde originated as an incised valley during the Weichselian glacio-eustatic fall (100 000–18 000 B.P.) and has acted as a sink for fine sediment throughout the Holocene sea level rise (SLR) (18 000 B.P. onwards). Conversely, the Atlantic littoral zone, characterised by sandy beaches and dunes, has been subjected to erosion throughout the Holocene transgression.The incised valley of the present Gironde was inundated by the sea approximately 10 000 B.P. At this time, the rate of SLR exceeded that of sediment supply, producing a large accommodation space in which transgressive tidal-estuarine muds and sands were deposited. As the rate of SLR decreased around 6000-4000 B.P., sedimentation became more pronounced and the available accommodation space began to decrease significantly. Landward-derived fluvial sediments began to prograde over the tidal muds and sands, and a first generation of salt marshes formed in the lateral valleys. Around 2575-1420 B.P., a sandy chenier ridge formed at the edge of a first generation of salt marshes and wholly or partly separated them from the Gironde. On the eastern side of the ridge a second generation of marshes began to form after 1200 B.P. Reclamation of the first and second generations of marshes occurred during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, respectively. On the estuarine side of the eighteenth century dyke the modern intertidal flats and salt marshes began to form after the eighteenth century. Sedimentation within the estuary decreased the accommodation space and led to the increased transport of sediment to the shelf after 2 000 B.P. This process was also aided by climatic and anthropogenic factors. Future evolution of the Gironde estuary is likely to consist of further marsh growth and chenier development. However, future increases in the rate of SLR, and the degree of storminess, may cause a shift to an erosional regime in parts of the lower estuary.According to previous work [25, 66], three different dune fields migrated landwards across the Atlantic littoral zone over the Holocene period. A field of isolated barchan dunes moved landwards over the Plio-Pleistocene fluvial terraces before 5100 B.P. From some time after this, until around 3000 B.P., a field of parabolic dunes was active. Finally, a barchan dune field was active from around 3000-2000 B.P. to the end of the eighteenth century/beginning of the nineteenth century, when the dunes were stabilised by pine plantations. It is tentatively suggested, using these dates and dune morphology, that dune formation was controlled by sand supply governed by the rate of SLR. However, the role of climatic changes such as aridity, storminess, windiness and the associated effects of vegetation cover, is also likely to be important. In the future the Atlantic coast is likely to continue to erode, although the extensive plantation of the aeolian dunes with pine forests is likely to prevent large-scale transgressive activity. 相似文献
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本文主要论述作为先成边界条件的节点(包括矶)和岩岛对河口分汊的影响.指出节点和矶的分布和性质对河口能否形成分汊以及分汊形态等具有不容忽视的作用。表明单个节点易形成喇叭状的少汊河口,多个节点则易导致藕节状展宽及分汊河口,而节点位于口门,则不利于河口展宽而使得河口难以分汊。在研究河口岩岛对河口分汊的作用时,分别从珠江口、韩江口和闽江口三个分汊河口,分析了岩岛的数目多少、规模大小和分布状况,对导致河口形成不同分汊模式的影响。 相似文献
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自南黄海辐射状沙脊被发现，尤其是江苏省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查揭示了其全貌，并同时测得辐射状沙脊区存在辐射状潮流场(任美愕，1986)以来，对南黄海辐射状沙脊的成因，主要包括其形成的水动力条件、物质来源、形成机理与形成过程等，本领域学术界一直存在争论1)(李从先等，1979；任美锷，1986；李成治等，1981；周长振等，1981；万延森，1982；刘振夏，1983；刘振夏等，1983，1995；耿秀山等，1983；夏东兴等，1984；夏综万等，1984；杨长恕，1985；黄易畅等，1987；张光威，1991；赵松龄，1991；朱大奎等，1993；杨治家等，1995；朱玉荣等，1995，1997；张东生等，1996；李从先等，1997)。
南黄海辐射状沙脊的形成机理及形成过程是与其形成的水动力条件、物质来源紧密联系在一起的。持该区的辐射状潮流场是受海底地形与(或)局部弶港海湾形态控制而形成观点的学者，多认为辐射状潮流场形成的同时或之后会反作用于海底地形，逐渐将海底地形改造成辐射状沙脊1)(任美锷，1986；李成治等，1981；万延森，1982；张光威，1991)，并且认为辐射状沙脊的形成需要几千年的时间1)，或是一个历史过程(李成治等，1981)，或经过最近一百多年的改造而形成(万延森，1982)，或形成于距今4000年前以来(张光威，1991)。这种观点的本质在于认为辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态是由海底地形的初始辐射状形态决定的，辐射状潮流场的作用在于使具初始辐射状形态的海底地形的辐射状形式更好，即认为辐射状潮流场对辐射状沙脊辐射状形态的形成不起决定作用。认为辐射状潮流场是由东海传入黄海的前进潮波与山东半岛南部的旋转潮波相交汇而形成，并且认为辐射状潮流场有可能自全新世海侵影响本区，或自7000年前以来就一直存在(对古海岸时辐射状潮流场存在的认识只是推测，尚缺乏证据)的学者，多认为辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态是由该区潮流场的辐射状形态决定的(周长振等，1981；刘振夏,1983；夏综万等,1984；杨长恕,1985；黄易畅等，1987；朱大奎等,1993；朱玉荣等，1995，1997),即认为辐射状潮流场对辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态起决定作用。这两种观点根本对立。 相似文献
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为研究多环芳烃从河口到近海的环境归趋行为与生态风险,考察了沉积物质量浓度、溶解性有机质、温度、盐度4种典型环境因子对菲在黄河口沉积物上吸附的影响,比较了黄河口与近海两种沉积物对菲的吸附性能。研究结果表明,沉积物质量浓度越低,单位质量颗粒物的菲吸附量越高;共存的溶解性有机质对菲的吸附具有增促作用,且腐殖酸比黄腐酸的作用更显著;温度的升高不利于菲的吸附,而盐度的增加有利于菲的吸附。菲在沉积物上的吸附是分配作用与表面吸附两种行为的耦合,其中黄河口沉积物以表面吸附为主,而近海沉积物以分配作用为主。近海沉积物菲吸附量显著高于黄河口沉积物菲吸附量。基于此,菲从河口到近海的迁移过程中,更易于在沉积物表面发生吸附沉降,从而可能降低水相中的生态危害,但对近海底栖生物具有潜在的健康生态风险。 相似文献
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鸭绿江河口沉积物元素地球化学及其控制因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对鸭绿江河口地区的56个站位沉积物的常量元素含量进行了测试,并对测试结果进行了多元统计分析。研究结果表明,多数常量元素含量在鸭绿江西岸潮滩地区和西部海域波动较小,而在上游地区和河口口门地区变动较大,在河口最大浑浊带内出现两个峰值。R型主因子分析结果表明,粒度控制效应对鸭绿江河口地区常量元素的含量分布起着主要作用,贡献方差达76.55%。运用Q型聚类分析将各站位归为两种类型,揭示出沉积动力环境的差异是造成这种常量元素地球化学分区特征的最主要因素。此外,通过与附近河口对比发现鸭绿江河口及近岸地区沉积物中的常量元素含量同朝鲜半岛的河流、中朝准地台花岗岩以及朝鲜半岛花岗岩比较接近,但与长江和黄河有着较大的差异。 相似文献
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Claire Marion Edward J. Anthony Alain Trentesaux 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):475-484
Rates of short-term (up to 2 years) bed elevation change and sedimentation from mudflats to salt marshes were measured in a rapidly infilling macrotidal estuary using an original combination of three high-resolution techniques: an ultrasonic altimeter, the Rod Surface-Elevation Table (RSET) method, and filter traps. The Authie estuary is located on a straight, sand-rich coast and is undergoing rapid infill under the influence of flood-dominant tides reinforced by wave action. The estuarine sediment suite consists of both mud and sand derived from the sea, of sand derived from storm wave erosion of dunes lining the north bank of the estuary, and, to a much smaller extent, of mud from the river catchment. Bed elevation change and sedimentation rates show an expected increase with the duration of tidal flooding (hydroperiod) in both space and time. The estuarine bed sediment suite changes from sandy at the mouth to muddy within the low-energy inner estuary, where mudflats are rapidly accreting, paving the way for the formation of increasingly denser and mature salt marshes from the high-sedimentation pioneer zone to the upper marsh where annual sedimentation is very low. Recorded variability in rates of bed elevation change and sedimentation reflect the influence of estuarine macro-scale and local sediment transport and depositional processes in a macrotidal context dominated by high inputs of allochthonous sediments. 相似文献