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1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2015,(3)
对中国第5次北极科学考察采自楚科奇海陆坡的ARC5-M06柱样进行粒度、冰筏碎屑、碎屑矿物、黏土矿物、岩心XRF扫描、沉积物颜色分析,初步建立了楚科奇海陆坡晚更新世MIS3期以来的沉积地层框架。ARC5-M06柱黏土矿物组合类型为伊利石(66%)-绿泥石(22%)-高岭石(9%)-蒙皂石(3%)组合,与北冰洋边缘海表层沉积物黏土矿物组合类型对比表明,MIS3期以来楚科奇海陆坡除MIS3期晚期黏土矿物陆源主要来自北美大陆的加拿大马更些河入海物质及少量太平洋水团携入的北美育空河入海物质外,其他时期均主要来自于东西伯利亚海的输入;自MIS2末次盛冰期以来,陆坡与海盆的黏土矿物源区发生了改变,陆坡主要来自于东西伯利亚海的输入,海盆主要来自于北美大陆物源输入,受波弗特海的输入影响较大。 相似文献
2.
楚科奇海盆M04柱晚更新世以来沉积古环境记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对"中国第五次北极科考"采自楚科奇海盆的M04柱进行粒度、冰筏碎屑、黏土矿物、岩心XRF扫描、沉积物颜色分析,初步建立了楚科奇海盆晚更新世MIS4期以来的沉积地层框架。MIS4期以来,楚科奇海盆M04柱沉积物粒度和黏土矿物组成具有明显的冰期/间冰期变化特征,冰期沉积物粒度分布以双峰态为主,由洋流搬运和海冰搬运沉积组分组成,伊利石含量高、高岭石含量低;间冰期沉积物具有三峰态粒度分布特征,由海冰搬运、洋流搬运和冰山搬运沉积组分组成,伊利石含量低、高岭石含量高。通过M04柱黏土矿物组合类型与北冰洋边缘海盆的表层沉积物黏土矿物组合类型对比表明,晚更新世以来楚科奇海盆沉积环境发生显著变化:温暖的间冰期受波弗特涡流驱动,波弗特海为研究区的物源输入提供了主要贡献;寒冷的冰期表层环流呈反向输运,细颗粒物源碎屑以东西伯利亚海的输入为主。 相似文献
3.
通过对南海台西南盆地南部海域TS6岩芯沉积物样品稀土元素地球化学特征和黏土矿物组合进行分析,探讨了研究区近19 ka (末次冰消期)以来沉积物物质来源、输运机制及物源变化特征。物源综合分析结果显示,台湾河流是研究区沉积物的主要源区,其中台湾西部河流较东部河流贡献更大,珠江也为研究区输送了部分沉积物。由于各源区物质主要黏土矿物种类及含量存在较大差异,推测研究区沉积物黏土矿物中的伊利石和绿泥石主要由台湾河流提供,高岭石主要由珠江提供,含量较少的蒙脱石由东南部的吕宋岛提供。末次冰消期以来,研究区陆源物质输入量受控于海平面变化而逐渐减少,黏土矿物组合反映的物源变化主要受控于气候和洋流变化,还可能叠加了多种因素的影响。 相似文献
4.
西北冰洋表层沉积物黏土矿物分布特征及物质来源 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
西北冰洋表层沉积物黏土矿物分析结果显示其黏土矿物组成的区域分布和变化具有明显的规律性:从楚科奇海到北冰洋深水区,随着水深的增加,蒙皂石和高岭石含量增高,绿泥石和伊利石含量降低。自西往东,伊利石结晶度值降低,化学指数升高。根据Q型聚类分析获得的黏土矿物组合特征,结合周缘陆地的地质背景、河流及洋流情况,对研究区进行了黏土矿物组合分区,讨论了其黏土矿物来源。楚科奇海表层沉积物黏土矿物组合在靠近阿拉斯加一侧海域以Ⅰ类为主,靠东西伯利亚海一侧主要有Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类,中部主要为Ⅵ类,主要是西伯利亚和阿拉斯加的火山岩、变质岩以及一些含高岭石的沉积物以及古土壤等,经风化、河流搬运入海,在北太平洋的3股洋流及西伯利亚沿岸流的作用下沉积形成的。西北冰洋深水区表层沉积物的黏土矿物组合以Ⅰ类和Ⅴ类为主,表明其沉积物来源为欧亚陆架和加拿大北极群岛周缘海域的海冰沉积和大西洋水体的搬运以及加拿大马更些河的河流物质输入。 相似文献
5.
西北冰洋楚科奇海台晚第四纪以来陆源沉积物搬运机制及其古环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对西北冰洋楚科奇海台的ARC7-P12岩心的沉积物颜色旋回、XRF-Ca和Mn元素相对含量,有孔虫丰度,粗组分含量,粒度组成及其端元的综合分析,并与该地区其他沉积物岩心对比,将ARC7-P12岩心划分为深海氧同位素(Marine Isotope Stages,MIS)5期以来的沉积序列。该岩心的粒度端元分析结果显示,该岩心峰态中值2和9μm组分的端元分别代表由雾状层和底流搬运的沉积物;峰态中值为30以及110μm组分的端元代表海冰以及冰山搬运的沉积物。MIS 5以来的冰消期和间冰期,由于海冰和冰山融化以及海域开阔,沉积物主要由海冰以及冰山搬运,粗组分含量显著升高。冰期由于海冰覆盖,冰盖的生长和阻挡,以及表层洋流减弱,底流和雾状层搬运相对增强,细颗粒沉积物增加。 相似文献
6.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
利用X射线衍射分析得到渤海西部海域45个站位表层沉积物中4种主要黏土矿物分布及组合特征。结果显示:伊利石(43.1%~74.6%)含量最高,蒙脱石(5.2%~48.4%)次之,较低的高岭石含量(2.7%~9.9%)和绿泥石含量(3.0%~12.0%);组合类型以(Ⅰ)型伊利石-蒙脱石-高岭石-绿泥石组合占绝对优势,其次是(Ⅱ)型伊利石-蒙脱石-绿泥石-高岭石组合。渤海西部表层沉积物中黏土矿物成因以陆源物质为主,其供给来源多是黄河、海河、滦河等沿岸河流入海物质。研究区可划分3个不同物源沉积区:西部的海河-黄河型物源沉积区;北部的滦河物源沉积区;中东部和南部的黄河型物源沉积区。渤海西部表层沉积物黏土矿物分布和组合特征受控于沉积物物源和渤海环流影响。 相似文献
7.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2015,(3)
西北冰洋楚科奇边缘地区沉积模式复杂,冰期-间冰期旋回影响着周围北美冰盖和欧亚冰盖的发育以及波弗特环流的位置与强弱,对于该地区的沉积物来源有很大影响。通过对采自西北冰洋楚科奇边缘地区的ARC4-BN03、ARC3-P37和ARC4-MOR02岩心的多指标分析以及与邻近6个岩心的对比,发现在MIS 5以来,北风脊地区可以识别出多次IRD事件,其中都有加拿大北极群岛的贡献。在MIS 3,楚科奇海台和楚科奇深海平原较北风脊沉积速率更高,其IRD事件除了加拿大北极群岛的贡献,也可能有来源于欧亚大陆的输入。在MIS 2,楚科奇海台和楚科奇深海平原的沉积速率急剧降低甚至中止,其IRD事件主要来源于欧亚大陆和东北冰洋边缘海,而北风脊地区IRD事件仍来源于加拿大北极群岛。这可能是由于冰期楚科奇海台和楚科奇深海平原可能受到一个冰盖的覆盖,阻止了北美地区沉积物的输入;而此时北风脊地区正处于这个冰盖的边缘,未被完全覆盖。在间冰期,该冰盖消亡,整个楚科奇边缘地区的IRD事件都有加拿大北极群岛的贡献。 相似文献
8.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(6)
本文通过对南黄海北部B03孔沉积物黏土矿物组成、黏土粒级沉积物元素地球化学分析以及沉积速率研究,探讨其物质来源及其环境变化记录。研究认为,B03孔沉积物中黏土矿物组分以伊利石为主,同时含有较多蒙脱石,伊利石-蒙脱石-(高岭石+绿泥石)判别图解表明该岩芯源区主要来自黄河沉积物;B03孔黏土粒级沉积物稀土元素分布模式显示,90cm以上的黏土粒级沉积物稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布模式与黄河沉积物的较为接近,表明其与黄河沉积物的亲缘性较大。结合B03孔的210Pb测年结果和稀土元素地球化学特征,推测1855年黄河改道对山东半岛东部陆架海的物源影响是造成该岩芯以90cm为界分为上下两段沉积的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
渤海湾北部底质沉积物中黏土矿物组成与物源研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用X射线衍射物相分析,对渤海湾北部166个表层沉积物样品和A435柱状样中的23个沉积物样品的主要黏土矿物含量组成进行分析。研究结果表明:渤海湾表层沉积物黏土矿物中伊利石(53.0%)含量最高,其次为蒙脱石(27.9%)、绿泥石(9.9%)和高岭石(9.2%),黏土矿物组合为伊利石-蒙脱石-绿泥石-高岭石型。渤海湾北部表层沉积物可分成3个沉积区,分别代表不同的沉积物来源:北部沿岸为滦河-海河物源区;中部和东部为黄河-海河物源区;西部沿岸为海河物源区。渤海湾北部表层沉积物黏土矿物分布和组合特征显示了渤海湾环流对海河、黄河和滦河来源物质的搬运和扩散作用。A435柱状样各黏土矿物含量在100cm以上层段具有很大的波动性,推测主要为黄河在1048—1128年和1128—1855年的改道事件的影响。 相似文献
10.
对南海西部表层沉积物进行系统取样分析表明,该区黏土矿物总体以伊利石为主,平均含量超过50%,其次为蒙脱石、绿泥石和高岭石含量较低,伊利石和蒙脱石含量变化较大,两者呈负相关关系,而绿泥石和高岭石含量变化较小,两者呈正相关关系。根据黏土矿物组合及其分布特征,南海西部海域大致可以分为A、B、C、D四区,其中A区以高伊利石和低蒙脱石含量为特征,B区伊利石含量明显下降,蒙脱石含量增多,C区以较高蒙脱石含量和低绿泥石、高岭石含量为特征,D区为相对低伊利石,高蒙脱石、绿泥石和高岭石,且往东南方向蒙脱石含量增大,而伊利石含量下降。与邻区黏土矿物组合对比研究表明,高伊利石含量的A区物源,除来自华南大陆的珠江、韩江等大小河流外,可能有相当部分来自东北方向,包括台湾岛及台湾海峡等。越南岸外的陆坡区细粒沉积物与陆架区有明显的继承性,表明其物源主要来自中南半岛,而红河物源对陆坡及深海盆的影响相对较小。南部陆架-陆坡区的物源主要有湄公河和加里曼丹岛,但两者的混合明显。因此,从区域分布来看,来自台湾海峡的细粒沉积物对南海深海盆影响最大,这可能主要是有由于表层环流所致。 相似文献
11.
末次间冰期以来门捷列夫洋脊南部冰盖对细颗粒沉积的控制作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
门捷列夫洋脊南部的粘土矿物沉积具有明确的物源，为追踪该区沉积环境的演变提供了良好的条件。末次间冰期以来，ARC7-E23孔中的粘土矿物记录表现出了非常显著的变化。结合沉积物粒度的端元组份和冰阀碎屑沉积，粘土矿物的变化模式表明，东西伯利亚冰盖(ESIS)的规模可能是控制细颗粒沉积的主要因素。在氧同位素2期(MIS2)和4期(MIS4)，门捷列夫洋脊南部可能被ESIS所覆盖，几乎阻挡了所有来自加拿大和拉夫贴夫海陆架的沉积物，但允许大量来自东西伯利亚海陆架的细粒沉积物输入。只有当ESIS消融后，波弗特环流和越极流的相对强度以及搬运作用才成为了控制远源沉积物输入的主要因素。MIS3期的气候条件似乎最适合远源沉积物的输入，不仅提高了表层环流的流通性，也提供了足够多的搬运介质。 相似文献
12.
Multiproxy investigations have been performed on Core 08P23 collected from the Chukchi Plateau, the western Arctic Ocean, during the Third Chinese National Arctic Expedition. The core was dated back to Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 3 by a combination of Accelerator Mass Spectrometric(AMS) carbon-14 dating and regional core correlation. A total of five prominent ice-rafted detritus(IRD) events were recognized in MIS 2 and MIS 3. The IRD sources in MIS 3 are originated from vast carbonate rock outcrops of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and clastic quartz in MIS 2 may have a Eurasian origin. Most δ18O and δ13C values of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma(sinistral)(Nps) in Core 08P23 are lighter than the average values of surface sediments. The lighter δ18O and δ13C values of Nps in the two brown layers in MIS 1 and MIS 3 were resulted from meltwater events; and those in the gray layers in MIS 3 were caused by the enhanced sea ice formation. The δ18O values varied inversely with δ13C in MIS 2 indicate that the study area was covered by thick sea ice or ice sheet with low temperature and little meltwater, which prevented the biological productivity and sea-atmosphere exchange, as well as water mass ventilation. The covaried light values of δ18O and δ13C in MIS 1 and MIS 3 were resulted from meltwater and/or brine injection. 相似文献
13.
Paleoceanographic records in the Chukchi Basin, western Arctic Ocean during the late Quaternary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The late Quaternary paleoceanographic changes in the western Arctic Ocean are revealed by quantitative studies of foraminiferal abundance, ice-rafted detritus (IRD) and its mineralogical and petrological compositions, planktonic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin.) (Nps)-δ18O and -δ13C, biogenic and non-biogenic components in Core M03 token from the Chukchi Basin during the Second Chinese National Arctic Expedition cruise. Seven IRD events appeared at MIS 7, 5, 3 and 1. These IRD were carried in massive icebergs, which were exported to the Beaufort Sea through the M'Clure Strait Ice Stream, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and then transported into the Chukchi Basin by the Beaufort Gyre. Low IRD deposition occurred during the glacial times when more extended ice cover and weakened Beaufort Gyre, while the open water condition and the intensified Beaufort Gyre during interglacial periods favored the IRD deposition. Therefore, the IRD events not only indicate the provenance of coarser detritus and ice export events, but also reflect the evolutionary histories of the Beaufort Gyre and North American ice sheet. Seven light Nps-δ18O and -δ13C excursions could respond to enhanced rates of sea ice formation resulting in the production and sinking of isotopically light brines, but was irrelevant to the warm Atlantic water and freshwater inputs. Whereas, the heavy Nps-δ18O and -δ13C values separately reflect the lessened Arctic freshwater and Pacific water, and well-ventilated surface water from the continental shelf and halocline water. Variations of CaCO3 content and planktonic foraminiferal abundance during the interglacial and glacial periods can demonstrate the incremental or diminishing input of the Atlantic water, while the total organic carbon (TOC) and opal contents increased and decreased during the glacial and interglacial periods, respectively, which could be related to the TOC degradation, opal dissolution and redox conditions of interface between the bottom water and sediments. 相似文献
14.
Sediment dynamics in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean during the last deglaciation — The clay mineral group smectite perspective 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study focuses on sedimentological investigations of sediment cores recovered during the international Arctic′91, expeditions with the German research ice breaker RV “Polarstern” to the European sector of the Arctic Ocean. Here, we deduce the last glacial/interglacial changes in transport mechanism and sedimentation from the clay mineral group smectite. We choose the smectites as an example of how sediment mineralogy can be linked with particular source regions (the Kara and Laptev seas), distinct transport mechanism (sea ice and surface currents) and sedimentation processes. Smectite contents in Arctic sediments discussed for two time slices, including the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and the last deglaciation (Termination I), reveal the highest variability subsequent to the retreat of the Eurasian ice sheets. Our results show that smectite anomalies in the Eurasian Basin are associated with distinct meltwater pulses and occurred around 13.5–13.0 14C ka B.P. Compelling evidence is provided that these anomalies are deduced from sea-ice entrained sediments from the eastern Kara Sea that entered the Arctic Ocean after ice-sheet break-up and eventually flooding of the Kara Sea. We propose that smectite anomalies in sediments of the eastern Arctic Ocean can be utilized to identify deglacial events and to help decipher configurations of the Eurasian ice sheets. The identification of smectite maxima along the modern sea-ice edge in the Eurasian Basin further indicates biologically enhanced sedimentation from melting sea ice allowing the reconstruction of seasonally open water in the region. Hence, considering the poor preservation conditions of primary paleoceanographic proxies in the Arctic Ocean, the clay mineral contents, particularly the smectite group, may be one alternative tool for paleoclimatic reconstruction in the Eurasian Basin. 相似文献
15.
A coupled ice-ocean model is configured for the pan-Arctic and northern North Atlantic Ocean with a 27.5 km resolution. The model is driven by the daily atmospheric climatology averaged from the 40-year NCEP reanalysis (1958–1997). The ocean model is the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), while the sea ice model is based on a full thermodynamical and dynamical model with plastic-viscous rheology. A sea ice model with multiple categories of thickness is utilized. A systematic model-data comparison was conducted. This model reasonably reproduces seasonal cycles of both the sea ice and the ocean. Climatological sea ice areas derived from historical data are used to validate the ice model performance. The simulated sea ice cover reaches a maximum of 14 × 106 km2 in winter and a minimum of 6.7 × 106 km2 in summer. This is close to the 95-year climatology with a maximum of 13.3 × 106 km2 in winter and a minimum of 7 × 106 km2 in summer. The simulated general circulation in the Arctic Ocean, the GIN (Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian) seas, and northern North Atlantic Ocean are qualitatively consistent with historical mapping. It is found that the low winter salinity or freshwater in the Canada Basin tends to converge due to the strong anticyclonic atmospheric circulation that drives the anticyclonic ocean surface current, while low summer salinity or freshwater tends to spread inside the Arctic and exports out of the Arctic due to the relaxing wind field. It is also found that the warm, saline Atlantic Water has little seasonal variation, based on both simulation and observations. Seasonal cycles of temperature and salinity at several representative locations reveals regional features that characterize different water mass properties. 相似文献
16.
《Marine Policy》2017
The rapid Arctic summer sea ice reduction in the last decade has lead to debates in the maritime industries on the possibility of an increase in cargo transportation in the region. Average sailing times on the North Sea Route along the Siberian Coast have fallen from 20 days in the 1990s to 11 days in 2012–2013, attributed to easing sea ice conditions along the Siberian coast. However, the economic risk of exploiting the Arctic shipping routes is substantial. Here a detailed high-resolution projection of ocean and sea ice to the end of the 21st century forced with the RCP8.5 IPCC emission scenario is used to examine navigability of the Arctic sea routes. In summer, opening of large areas of the Arctic Ocean previously covered by pack ice to the wind and surface waves leads to Arctic pack ice cover evolving into the Marginal Ice Zone. The emerging state of the Arctic Ocean features more fragmented thinner sea ice, stronger winds, ocean currents and waves. By the mid 21st century, summer season sailing times along the route via the North Pole are estimated to be 13–17 days, which could make this route as fast as the North Sea Route. 相似文献
17.
Marika Marnela Bert Rudels K. Anders Olsson Leif G. Anderson Daniel J. Torres James H. Swift 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,78(1):1-11
To determine the exchanges between the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait is one of the most important aspects, and one of the major challenges, in describing the circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean Sea. Especially the northward transport of Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) from the Nordic Seas into the Arctic Ocean is little known. In the two-ship study of the circulation in the Nordic Seas, Arctic Ocean - 2002, the Swedish icebreaker Oden operated in the ice-covered areas in and north of Fram Strait and in the western margins of Greenland and Iceland seas, while RV Knorr of Woods Hole worked in the ice free part of the Nordic Seas. Here two hydrographic sections obtained by Oden, augmented by tracer and velocity measurements with Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP), are examined. The first section, reaching from the Svalbard shelf across the Yermak Plateau, covers the region north of Svalbard where inflow to the Arctic Ocean takes place. The second, western, section spans the outflow area extending from west of the Yermak Plateau onto the Greenland shelf. Geostrophic and LADCP derived velocities are both used to estimate the exchanges of water masses between the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean. The geostrophic computations indicate a total flow of 3.6 Sv entering the Arctic on the eastern section. The southward flow on the western section is found to be 5.1 Sv. The total inflow to the Arctic Ocean obtained using the LADCP derived velocities is much larger, 13.6 Sv, and the southward transport on the western section is 13.7 Sv, equal to the northward transport north of Svalbard. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) originating from a tracer release experiment in the Greenland Sea in 1996 has become a marker for the circulation of AIW. From the geostrophic velocities we obtain 0.5 Sv and from the LADCP derived velocities 2.8 Sv of AIW flowing into the Arctic. The annual transport of SF6 into the Arctic Ocean derived from geostrophy is 5 kg/year, which is of the same magnitude as the observed total annual transport into the North Atlantic, while the LADCP measurements (19 kg/year) imply that it is substantially larger. Little SF6 was found on the western section, confirming the dominance of the Arctic Ocean water masses and indicating that the major recirculation in Fram Strait takes place farther to the south. 相似文献
18.
A series of numerical experiments have been conducted with a perpetual July, nine-level general circulation spectral model to determine the effect of variation of the Arctic sea ice cover extent and the joint effect of anomalies of both the Arctic sea ice cover and the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature on the summer general circulation. Results show that the two factors,anomalously large extent of the Arctic sea ice cover and anomalously warm sea surface temperature over the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean, play substantially the equal role in the effect on the summer general circulation, and either of them can notably induce the atmospheric anomalies. The main dynamical processes determining the effect of the Arctic sea ice and the equatorial SST anomalies are associated with two leading teleconnection patterns, i. e. the Asia North/American and Eurasian patterns observed in atmosphere. The results presented in this paper again prove that the general circulation is fun 相似文献
19.
北极秋季海冰减少与亚洲大陆冬季温度异常 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文使用SVD等诊断分析方法探讨北极秋季海冰密集度与亚洲冬季温度异常之间的关系。结果表明,近30余年来,北极秋季海冰减少伴随着亚洲大陆冬季温度降低,但青藏高原地区、北冰洋和北太平洋沿岸除外。北极秋季海冰密集度减小激发欧亚大陆和北冰洋北部两个区域位势高度的改变,这种异常的变化模态从秋季持续到冬季。位势高度异常的负值中心位于巴伦支海和喀拉海。位势高度异常的正值中心位于蒙古区域。与重力位势高度异常伴随的风场异常为亚洲冬季温度降低提供自北向南的冷气流。随着北极海冰的不断减少,其与亚洲大陆冬季温度降低之间的关系将为气候长期预测提供参考。 相似文献