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以电沉积方法制备了非晶态Ni-S合金,用差示扫描量热(DSC)和X-射线衍射(XRD)方法对非晶态Ni-S合金的晶化温度、晶化过程和晶体结构的转化等行为进行了研究。结果表明镀层在380K有少量Ni发生晶化,在440K发生3Ni+2S生成Ni 相似文献
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为了提高粒子法即移动粒子半隐式法(Moving Particle Semi-implicit method, MPS法)中自由表面粒子的识别精度,降低由粒子误判引起的非物理压力振荡,对MPS法的自由表面识别方法进行了改进。在原始自由表面判别标准的基础上增加辅助判别条件,提出2种新的自由表面判别法即压力判别法和填充率判别法。利用对静水问题和溃坝流问题的模拟计算,对比分析选用不同自由表面判别法得到的数值计算结果,揭示粒子识别精度对压力计算的重要影响。研究结果表明:新提出的压力判别法和填充率判别法可以有效地提高自由表面粒子的识别精度,减轻压力计算中的非物理压力振荡现象,从而提高压力计算的稳定性以及整体数值计算的模拟精度。 相似文献
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作者等已提出物理涂汞朕电极,并用于反向极谱测定海水中Pb 等痕量金属离子。电极的易于制备和快速再生,使它显示了远较化学镀汞电极为优越的特性。作者等又提出了电极防吸附膜,以避免电极表面吸附而保持其灵敏度。但电极仍需每天以1:1 相似文献
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本文用微电泳的方法研究了针铁矿及δ-MnO_2悬浮粒子的电泳行为。支持电解质的离子强度影响淌度的大小,但不改变等电点(IEP)。重金属离子在悬浮粒子上的吸附,使pH高于IEP时的表面电荷由负变正,而在pH低于IEP时影响不大。 小分子量的有机物如氨基酸对悬浮粒子的淌度影响不大,而大分子量的有机物如腐殖酸使IEP左移。天然海水,河水等对悬浮粒子表面电荷的影响是其中的有机物使IEP左移的结果,故天然水体中悬浮粒子无例外地均荷负电。 相似文献
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本文用微电泳的方法研究了针铁矿及δ—MnO2悬浮粒子的电泳行为。支持电解质的离子强度影响淌度的大小，但不改变等电点(IEP)。重金属离子在悬浮粒子上的吸附，使pH高于IEP时的表面电荷由负变正，而在pH低于IEP影响不大。小分子量的有机物如氨基酸对悬浮粒子的淌度影响不大，而大分子量的有机物如腐殖酸使IEP左移。天然海水，河水等对悬浮粒子表面电荷的影响是其中的有机物使IEP左移的结果，故天然水体中悬浮粒子无例外地均荷负电。 相似文献
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人工海水介质中CTAB在胶州湾沉积物上的吸附动力学和热力学行为 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了人工海水介质中,阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在胶州湾沉积物上的吸附动力学和热力学行为。结果表明:沉积物对CTAB的吸附动力学过程可以用伪二级模型进行较好的描述,拟合所得吸附速率常数k2随CTAB的初始浓度和温度的升高而增大。CTAB在沉积物上的吸附等温线可用Freundlich等温式来描述,而蒸馏水介质中,CTAB的吸附表现出两段特征。沉积物的吸附能力随着介质离子强度的增加而增大。计算得到的吸附活化能Ea以及热力学参数ΔH0、ΔS0和ΔG0表明CTAB在海洋沉积物上的吸附为物理吸附,是一个自发、放热、熵增加的过程。 相似文献
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以壳聚糖粉末为原料,采用反相悬浮交联法制备了球状壳聚糖树脂(MCR)。通过静态吸附实验,研究了pH和温度对MCR吸附NO-2的影响以及MCR对水溶液中NO-2的吸附热力学和动力学特性。结果表明,在酸性条件下,313~328K时,MCR对NO-2有较好的吸附性能。吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,属于单分子层吸附。吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,受粒子内扩散和液膜扩散联合控制。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献