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1.
Eutrophication has become an overwhelming phenomenon in the coastal environment off the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary, illustrated by an increase in nutrient concentration, frequent red-tide events and hypoxia in near-bottom waters, while the open East China Sea Shelf and Kuroshio waters remain oligotrophic. Observations made in the Changjiang Estuary and the East China Sea in 1999–2003 cover a broad range of hydrographic and chemical properties. The concentration gradients of nutrients across the shelf indicate that high levels from land-sources are constrained to the coastal and inner-shelf region by the complex circulation regime. In surface waters, nutrient species gradually decrease from eutrophic coastal to oligotrophic open shelf waters, depending on the hydrographic stages of the Changjiang, although biological uptake and regeneration in the upper water column can produce patchy character of nutrient distribution. Taiwan Current Warm Water and Kuroshio Surface Water are devoid of nutrients. Remineralization of nutrient species takes place in the near-bottom waters in the inner-shelf following extensive bacterial demand for organic matter. Hence the burial efficiency is low with regard to the biogenic species, either allochthonous or autochthonous, or both. The Kuroshio Sub-surface Waters are rich in nutrients, and their incursion into the East China Sea can be tracked by salinity and temperature, reaching within water depth of 50–100 m at mid-shelf. Relative to shelf waters, the Kuroshio intrusion is characterized by high and DIP/DOP ratios. In the water column, the ratio of DIP/DOP to is higher than the Redfield P/N value, suggesting rapid regeneration of phosphorus relative to nitrogen in the East China Sea. The results of a box-model suggest that the East China Sea Shelf do likely not export substantial amounts of dissolved biogenic elements to the open Northwest Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
2.
长江口上升流海区的生态环境特征 总被引：36，自引：4，他引：36
根据 1 985年 8月的调查资料 ,讨论了长江口上升流海区的生态环境特征。研究表明 ,在长江口外 ,大约在 1 2 2°2 0′— 1 2 3°1 0′E、31°0 0′— 32°0 0′N海区存在着明显的下层高盐冷水的抬升现象 ;伴随这种上升运动 ,于 5— 1 0m层 ,在上述高盐冷水区明显地存在一个低溶解氧、高营养盐区。资料表明 ,该低氧、高营养盐海水不是直接来自表层的长江冲淡水 ,而是来自深底层的变性后的台湾暖流水。分析表明 ,长江口外的浮游植物高值区的分布位置与上升流区基本一致 ,两者比较浮游植物高值区略向东南方向偏移约 1 5— 2 0km。作者认为形成这种偏离现象的原因可能与上升流中心区水温偏低有关 相似文献
3.
风和径流量对长江口缺氧影响的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
受自然和人类活动的影响，海洋缺氧现象日益严重，威胁着海洋生态环境，海洋缺氧问题已经引起了人们的广泛关注。本文应用区域海洋模式并耦合生态模式，对东海的生态系统进行了数值模拟和分析研究。与观测数据比较显示，该模型能较好地模拟长江口外生态变量的分布趋势。另外本文通过设置不同敏感性实验，探讨风和径流量对长江口底层缺氧现象的影响，结果分析表明，风和径流量对长江口外缺氧区的形成有显著的影响。径流量变化虽然对长江口外缺氧区的季节变化影响并不显著，但是对缺氧区域面积却存在显著的影响。径流量增加，水体层化增强，表层叶绿素浓度增加，最终导致缺氧区域范围扩展；径流量减小，水体层化减弱，表层叶绿素浓度减小，缺氧区域范围缩小。风向和风速的改变不仅影响长江口外缺氧区的季节变化，还影响缺氧区域面积。 相似文献
4.
2006年7月—2007年12月,在长江口及邻近海域(29°30′N~32°30′N,120°00′E~127°30′E)布设150个观测站位,进行了4个季节生物、化学和物理海洋学综合调查。根据采集的浮游动物样品的分析鉴定结果及现场环境参数的测定数据,对浮游动物群落生物量分布及季节变化进行了研究。结果表明:长江口及邻近海域浮游动物生物量有明显的季节变化,主要表现为:春季>夏季>秋季>冬季。中华哲水蚤(Calanussinicus)、双生水母(Diphyeschamissonis)、百陶带箭虫(Zonosagittabedoti)和中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausiasinica)是长江口及邻近海域浮游动物生物量的主要贡献者。化学营养盐是影响长江口及邻近海域浮游动物生物量分布的主要环境因素,除此以外,其它环境因子在不同季节对浮游动物生物量的影响存在差异。春季,温度和盐度是影响浮游动物生物量的主要因素;夏季,温度、溶解氧和叶绿素a是影响浮游动物生物量的主要因素;秋季,盐度、溶解氧和悬浮颗粒物是影响浮游动物生物量的主要因素。冬季,环境因子对浮游动物生物量影响不明显。 相似文献
5.
长江口区营养盐的分布特征及三峡工程对其影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在长江口海区,长江冲淡水、台湾暖流、黄海冷水等多种水系混合、交汇,错综复杂。对河口营养盐分布变化规律的研究,将为河口环境和生态变化提供可靠的依据,营养盐作为长江口这一世界著名渔场的化学物质基础具有重要意义。本文通过对长江口及其附近海域的周年观察,讨论了各种营养盐(包括磷、硅和氮)的时空变化规律和它们在河口的转移过程,估算了营养盐的年输出量,并提出了长江流量和营养盐输出量之间的关系,初步预报了三峡工程对长江口营养盐可能产生的影响。 相似文献
6.
通过对比长江口及其邻近海域历史调查资料和目前的现场监测数据(1958-09—1959-09,2003-09,2005-07及2009-08),分析了长江口夏季低氧区的历史变化,探讨了低氧形成及其加剧的原因。结果表明:20世纪90年代之后长江口季节性低氧区出现扩大化、严重化趋势;低氧区的形成主要受控于物理过程和自然作用,包括长江冲淡水、沿岸流、上升流、台湾暖流及黑潮等各大流系及其与温度等理化因素相互作用下形成的水体层化、锋面过程、气旋式冷涡;低氧现象加剧原因复杂,影响因子有气候变化导致的海水温度上升,长江径流量、输沙量变化,长江流域降雨变化等,而富营养化的加剧对低氧加剧并非起主导作用。 相似文献
7.
浙江沿岸春季上升流的数值研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用三维斜压非线性数值模式ROMS(Regional Ocean Modeling System),在浙江沿岸特殊地形的基础上综合考虑风场、台湾暖流、潮流以及长江径流等可变因子,对春季浙江沿岸上升流进行了数值研究。研究结果表明,浙江沿岸春季存在上升流,且上升流以带状分布在浙江近岸海域,在渔山列岛附近(28.40°N,122.00°E)以及舟山群岛附近(30.70°N,122.60°~123.00°E)存在2个上升流中心。风、台湾暖流和潮动力是影响浙江沿岸春季上升流的重要因子,其中风和台湾暖流对浙江沿岸整条上升流带均有影响;潮动力仅对28.60°N 纬度线以北至舟山群岛附近的上升流以及2个上升流中心的强度存在影响;长江径流对2个上升流中心、舟山群岛及长江口附近的上升流有一定影响。通过对浙江沿岸海域流场的分析可以发现,舟山群岛附近底层各等深线上水体向岸运动的速度比周围海域的大,跨越底层各等深线向上涌升的趋势更明显,间接反映了舟山群岛附近的上升流强度相对较强。对于舟山群岛附近的上升流而言,30 m深度以浅的海域,科氏力、水平平流作用与垂直粘性力是上升流形成的主要动力, 30 m深度以深的海域,上升流形成的主要动力为科氏力与压强梯度力,此时水平平流作用和垂直粘性力对上升流的影响较弱。 相似文献
8.
The intrusion of the Kuroshio into the East China Sea(ECS)affects the development of hypoxia off the Changjiang(Yangtze)River estuary;however,quantitative analy... 相似文献
9.
过去几十年来全球近海有害藻华（又称赤潮）发生频率持续增加。人类活动造成的河口-近海富营养化程度的加剧,被认为是导致全球有害藻华增加的主要原因。但是,富营养化程度的加剧可能不是全球有害藻华增加的惟一原因。河流入海的非营养盐类的其他物质通量变异（如泥沙）,也可能显著影响河口-近海的生物活动乃至赤潮的发生。过去40年来随着长江入海营养盐通量的增加,长江入海泥沙通量减少了70%。长期观测资料显示,由于泥沙减少使得长江口羽状流区光照条件显著改善,长江口浮游植物生物量最大值区已扩展至更低盐度的区域。此外,过去40年来长江口赤潮发生频率变化与长江入海泥沙通量变化呈现镜像关系,且二者呈显著的负相关关系。因此认为,长江入海泥沙的剧烈减少降低了羽状流区水体浊度,从而对长江口区赤潮频率的增加有一定贡献。 相似文献
10.
CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(6):133-140
Being the mightiest river emptying into the East China Sea （ECS） and the Pacific Ocean, compounded with the large increase of nitrogen and phosphorus input due to anthropogenic activities, the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） has become a dominating source of these nutrients to the estuary. The high nutrient concentrations notwithstanding, however, outside of the estuary the high biological productivity of the Changjiang diluted water （CDW） are most probably fueled mainly by nutrient-rich subsurface waters originating from the upwelled Kuroshio waters. This is because while the buoyancy of the CDW spreads it out on the ECS continen- tal shelf, the CDW entrains subsurface waters along with the nutrients. Nutrients thus supplied are several times more than those supplied by the Changjiang River. 相似文献
11.
黄、东海海域溶解无解机砷分布特征与化学形态 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Distribution and chemical speciation of dissolved inorganic arsenic were examined in Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Results demonstrated that: (1) both As(III) and As(V) were detected, with As(V) domin... 相似文献
12.
长江口及邻近海域浮游植物现存量的上下行控制分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2010—2011年度3个季节的调查资料以及广义相加模型(GAM)分析,研究了长江口及邻近海域浮游植物现存量(以叶绿素a浓度表征)的上下行控制作用。调查结果显示,在叶绿素高值区,三航次营养盐含量均比整个海区平均值偏低,且春季呈现三季节最低的磷酸盐(PO4-P)和硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)浓度(平均值分别为0.48和8.96μmol/L)以及最高的氮磷比(DIN/P为43.3),为该海域春季甲藻赤潮频发提供了有利条件。夏季叶绿素高值区的硅氮比(Si/DIN)相对整个调查区较高,而春季和秋季却相近,这与夏季藻华种类主要是硅藻相一致。春、夏两季叶绿素高值区的悬浮物浓度(TSS)在时空比较上均显著低值。浮游动物高值区分布与叶绿素高值区分布虽不完全重合,但有交叉或两者相邻。GAM模型分析结果显示,各环境因子变化对长江口及邻近海域叶绿素变化的贡献可达70%以上,且主要影响因子为盐度和营养盐,而与TSS、浮游动物生物量和温度三因子的直接相关性不显著(p0.05)。受长江冲淡水的影响,盐度与DIN、PO4-P、SiO3-Si、TSS等因子间存在显著的相关关系(p0.001),说明盐度对叶绿素变化的影响可能体现了营养盐和光照条件等因子的作用。上述研究结果表明,在长江口及邻近海域,营养盐的上行效应是浮游植物现存量的主要控制作用,而光照条件和浮游动物生物量与浮游植物现存量虽然在时空分布上存在一定的联系,但非决定性控制因素。 相似文献
13.
Transports of water and nutrients (N and P) through the Taiwan Strait were calculated using chemical hydrography and currents observed in May and August 1999. The surveys were conducted along a transect across the strait in the middle section. The velocity fields were determined by phase-averaging currents measured using shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) on two repeats, which were separated by 1.5 cycles of the dominant M2 tide. Nutrient distributions were also derived from phase-averaged data. The volume transports determined from the two surveys were similar (2.0 Sv and 2.2 Sv, respectively). By contrast, the nutrient fluxes obtained in August (1.82 kmol N/s and 0.34 kmol P/s) were significantly higher than those in May (0.96 kmol N/s and 0.16 kmol P/s), apparently due to coastal upwelling under southwest monsoon in summer. The rather low N/P ratios (6.0 and 5.4 by atoms) of the nutrient fluxes were attributed to the widespread N-deficiency in the upper water column of the North Pacific. The nutrient fluxes were fed mainly through a meridional deep channel off southwest Taiwan. The nutrient contributions from the Taiwan Strait to the East China Sea in spring and summer are comparable to the total riverine contributions from the Changjiang (also know as the Yangtze River) and other smaller rivers for nitrogen, but 8–17 times larger than the latter for phosphate. Therefore, the Taiwan Strait inflow may serve as an important supplement for the P-limiting condition in the huge coastal plume in the East China Sea. 相似文献
14.
东中国海环流及其季节变化的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
关于东中国海环流的研究，国内外学者已做了大量的工作。早期科学家们主要依赖于对温盐资料和少数测流资料的分析研究对渤、黄、东海的环流结构有了较系统和深入的认识。东中国海环流是由一个气旋式的“流涡”组成，东侧主要是北上的黑潮-对马暖流-黄海暖流及其延伸部分；西侧为南下的沿岸流系。黑潮对东中国海环流的影响是如此之大，以致于除了某些局部区域外，上述海域主要流系的冬、夏季分布形式比较相似而无本质上的差异(胡敦欣等，1993)。但本文所研究海域正处于世界上最显著的季风区，冬、夏季盛行风向基本相反，过渡季节(春、秋季)风向多变，风力减弱；海洋热盐结构季节变化明显(如冬季混合强，而夏季层化明显等)，这些因素都使得东中国海环流存在着较明显的季节变化。
自20世纪80年代以来，东中国海环流的数值模拟工作逐步展开，并已成为研究环流结构及其形成机制的强有力工具。但由于数值模式本身以及计算方案的缺陷(如有些学者用固定的风场、温盐场对东中国海环流进行诊断模拟等)和观测资料的不足，数值模拟的结果难以得到验证，渤、黄、东海的环流研究中仍有大量的问题存在争议，以待澄清。例如，台湾暖流的来源、流径;对马暖流的来源;夏季黄海暖流的流径以及黄海冷水团环流等均有不同的论述。对黄、东海环流季节变化的数值模拟工作也较少，多用冬、夏典型月份的风场强迫积分至稳定态，给出冬、夏季环流，这种做法值得商榷。三维环流模式很难在1个月内达到稳定态，尤其是夏季层化明显、风力减弱的情况下，非常定风场的影响更应引起人们的重视。
本文采用比较符合实际的计算方案，用年循环风场和海面热通量场为外强迫，对渤、黄、东海的环流及其季节变化进行了模拟，并对一些争议问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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16.
ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＯｓｔｒａｃｏｄａｉｎｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＨｕａｎｇｈａｉＳｅａａｎｄＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ￥ＣｈｅｎＲｕｉｘｉａｎｇａｎｄＬｉｎＪｉｎｇｈｏｎｇ（ＴｈｉｒｄＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａ... 相似文献
17.
夏季台湾海峡水及黑潮次表层涌升水向东海近陆架区营养盐输送通量的估算 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
According to historical mean ocean current data through the field observations of the Taiwan Ocean Research Institute during 1991–2005 and survey data of nutrients on the continental shelf of the East China Sea(ECS) in the summer of 2006, nutrient fluxes from the Taiwan Strait and Kuroshio subsurface waters are estimated using a grid interpolation method, which both are the sources of the Taiwan Warm Current. The nutrient fluxes of the two water masses are also compared. The results show that phosphate(PO4-P), silicate(SiO3-Si) and nitrate(NO3-N) fluxes to the ECS continental shelf from the Kuroshio upwelling water are slightly higher than those from the Taiwan Strait water in the summer of 2006. In contrast, owing to its lower velocity, the nutrient flux density(i.e., nutrient fluxes divided by the area of the specific section) of the Kuroshio subsurface water is lower than that of the Taiwan Strait water. In addition, the Taiwan Warm Current deep water, which is mainly constituted by the Kuroshio subsurface water, might directly reach the areas of high-frequency harmful alga blooms in the ECS. 相似文献
18.
The Current System in the Yellow and East China Seas 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
During the 1990s, our knowledge and understanding of the current system in the Yellow and East China Seas have grown significantly
due primarily to new technologies for measuring surface currents and making high-resolution three-dimensional numerical model
calculations. One of the most important new findings in this decade is direct evidence of the northward current west of Kyushu
provided by satellite-tracked surface drifters. In the East China Sea shelf region, these recent studies indicate that in
winter the Tsushima Warm Current has a single source, the Kuroshio Branch Current in the west of Kyushu, which transports
a mixture of Kuroshio Water and Changjiang River Diluted Water northward. In summer the surface Tsushima Warm Current has
multiple sources, i.e., the Taiwan Warm Current, the Kuroshio Branch Current to the north of Taiwan, and the Kuroshio Branch
Current west of Kyushu. The summer surface circulation pattern in the East China Sea shelf region changes year-to-year corresponding
to interannual variations in Changjiang River discharge. Questions concerning the Yellow Sea Warm Current, the Chinese Coastal
Current in the Yellow Sea, the current field southwest of Kyushu, and the deep circulation in the Okinawa Trough remain to
be addressed in the next decade.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Distribution and abundance of Pseudeuphausia sinica off the Changjiang River Estuary (30 ° 00′ - 32 ° 00′ N, 122 ° 00′ -123 ° 30 ′E), the East China Sea were studied in relation to environmental features associated with the regional warming. P. sinica is a subtropical species. Off the Changjiang River Estuary, its abundance reached maximum in summer. To examine spatial and temporal changes of P. sinica off the Changjiang River Estuary, the authors have combined all available sampling data in 1979, 1981, and 2000-2007. This database shows that a significant increase in abundances of P. sinica was observed in spring of 2000-2007 as compared with 1979, 1981. The abundance of P. sinica increased from 0.18-0.21 ind./m 3 in 1979 and 1981 to 0.68-4.00 ind./m 3 in 2000-2007. Accordingly, the sea temperature increased obviously from spring of 1979, 1981 to the 2000s. The authors further found a positive relationship between average surface temperature and average abundance of P. sinica. Regional warming, together with the release of predator induced stress due to a sharp decline in the abundance of its predator (e.g., fishes), were thought to be responsible for the increase in abundance of P. sinica in water off the Changjiang River Estuary. 相似文献
20.
Ding Liangmo 《海洋学报(英文版)》1991,10(1):73-82
On the basis, of the surface heat fluxes of the Kuroshio key-area (26°-30°N, 125°-30°E)in March andApril, the climatologicai influence of the Kuroshio heat fluxes on meiyu rainfall in the Changjiang River (Yangtse River) region are studied. The results are concluded as follows;the surface heat fluxes of the Kuroshio key-area have certain influence on meiyu rainfall in the Changjiang River region during June and July. The correctness rates for the five stations in the Changjing River region (i. e. Wuhan, Jiujiang, Anqing,Nanjing and Shanghai)are in the range of 9/20-13/20. The surface heat fluxes influence mainly on the homogeneous rainfall pattern,the correctness rates come to 7/10-8/10 for the lower valley of the Changjiang River. The estimation expression of the meiyu rainfall for Shanghai consisting of the surface heat flux and the sea surface temperature anomaly of the Kuroshio key area agrees well with the actual meiyu rainfall condition. 相似文献