共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
采用孤立波模拟海啸波,利用根茎叶定量概化模型近似模拟近岸刚性植物,以探究植物根、茎、叶对孤立波消减特性的影响。研究发现,透射系数的范围为0.56～0.85,植被区沿程波高衰减百分比的范围为25.9%～97.0%。根、叶在不同分布密度条件下的透射系数均随相对波高的增大而逐渐减小。当淹没度大于0.7时,在入射波高等于7.0,9.0和12.0 cm条件下,波高衰减强度沿流向的敏感度逐渐降低,植物消浪呈现边界效应。当淹没度为0.6、根和叶分布密度均为16枝/株时,波浪于植被区发生波高增大现象,波高增值的范围为3.0%～6.0%。植物根、茎、叶对孤立波消减特性的影响与根和叶的分布密度、淹没度及相对波高均相关。 相似文献
2.
基于非静压单相流模型NHWAVE建立了高精度数值波浪水槽。通过设计不同的计算工况,系统研究了非淹没刚性植物对海啸作用下海堤周围水动力特性的影响。着重分析了不同入射波高、不同植物分布密度以及不同植物分布宽度条件下海啸波沿程波形特征以及海堤堤顶越浪流空间分布特征。结果表明:不同入射波高、植物分布密度以及植物宽度条件下,堤顶流厚度和水体流速具有明显单调的变化趋势,并且随着植物分布密度和宽度增大,波能衰减增大;随着入射波非线性增强,植物分布密度和分布宽度对堤顶前段水流厚度的影响也随之增强,而对堤顶后段水流厚度的影响则减弱,且堤顶后缘水流厚度约为堤顶前缘厚度的二分之一;在波浪非线性较大情况下,植物的存在对堤顶流速度的空间分布趋势几乎没有影响,但相对堤顶流速度增加程度均大于无植物情况,且堤顶后缘水流速度约为堤顶前缘的1.6倍。 相似文献
3.
基于综合考虑根、茎、叶影响的近岸植物消波实验,对植物带沿程波高衰减特性进行了研究。结果表明,当淹没度为0.778时,茎与根作用下的植物带沿程波高衰减强度沿向岸方向逐渐增强,植物带沿程波高衰减规律与Dalrymple幂函数形式和Kobayashi指数形式的波高衰减规律并不一致。在非淹没情况下,叶作用下的植物带沿程波高衰减服从幂函数形式和指数形式的波高衰减规律。植物带沿程波高衰减强度随分布密度的增大而增大。研究发现根、茎、叶及分布密度对植物带沿程波高衰减特性的影响与植物淹没度和入射波高相关。另外,植物带消波并不是各部分消波作用的线性叠加。当植物带分布密度较大时,Dalrymple和Kobayashi波浪传播模型的有效性有待进一步提高。 相似文献
4.
采用完全非线性Boussinesq方程建立的FUNWAVE模型进行波生沿岸流数值模拟研究,通过对不同斜坡地形和波浪入射条件下波生流的物理模型实验结果进行比较,验证了该数值模型能较准确地计算沿岸流;通过改变波浪的不同入射条件,对不同入射条件的沿岸流数值模拟得出:当其他条件不变时,仅入射波高增大时,沿岸流的流幅和幅值增大,幅值位置向深水移动;仅增大入射周期时,沿岸流的流幅显著增加,幅值的增加较小;斜坡地形坡度的改变能显著影响波生沿岸流的流幅和幅值,但对沿岸流幅值位置的水深影响不大。采用窄缝法处理动边界时,选择合适的窄缝起始水深对沿岸流的准确计算是十分必要的。 相似文献
5.
沿海盐沼潮滩可以有效降低波浪高度,耗散波浪能量,在海岸防护和沿海城市安全中扮演着重要角色。以长江河口崇明岛南侧盐沼潮滩为对象,基于不同潮间带实测波浪变化数据,采用波能衰减模型对波浪横向沿潮滩衰减状态进行定量分析,由此探讨波浪衰减主控要素。结果表明:波浪沿盐沼潮滩向岸传播过程中,波高以及波能大幅下降,其中光滩—芦苇前部区域波能平均下降19%,芦苇区域波能平均下降71%,有植被覆盖区域对波浪的衰减效应更为显著。同时,水深、入射波高及阻力是影响盐沼潮滩波浪衰减的主要因素,波浪衰减强度随水深增大而减小,入射波高增加以及阻力的增大而增强。 相似文献
6.
7.
在理论分析的基础上通过物理模型实验探究了规则波与簇状沉水植物群的相互作用。结果表明,植物群沿程波高衰减规律在多数情况下与Kobayashi指数形式和Dalrymple幂函数形式波高衰减理论模型吻合较好,少数情况下波高衰减集中在植物群后半部分,与上述理论模型并不一致。在植物淹没度等于0.4条件下,植物群沿程波高出现较多壅高现象,且相对壅高值随入射波高的增大而减小;植物群的规则波透射系数变化情况与入射波周期、相对波高、植物淹没度以及植物分布密度等因素相关。当入射波周期等于1.0 s时,透射系数随相对波高的增大而减小,周期大于1.0 s时,透射系数随相对波高的增大出现较强的波动性。本文提出了规则波透射系数与水动力因素及植物因素之间的关系式,得到了近岸簇状沉水植物群消浪特性的基本认识,为采用近岸植物消波护岸提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
8.
在海岸带种植红树林等水生植物可以有效的减小波浪对岸滩的破坏,系统全面地研究植物对波浪传播变形的影响是非常必要的。基于波浪水槽实验,探讨了规则波通过非淹没刚性植物波高的沿程变化,分析了水深、入射波高、植物模型密度及分布方式对反射系数、透射系数与波浪衰减系数的影响,同时与孤立波实验数据进行对比。实验结果表明,随着水深的增加,规则波的透射系数增加、反射系数和波能衰减系数减小;随着入射波高的增加,规则波的透射系数减小,反射系数和波能衰减系数增加。在分布方式相同的情况下,植物模型分布密度增加,规则波的反射系数和波能衰减系数增加,透射系数减小。在规则波入射方向上模型布置越紧密,规则波反射系数和波能衰减系数越大,透射系数越小。分析讨论了植物模型对规则波和孤立波的影响,在入射波要素相同的情况下,孤立波和规则波的能量衰减在50%左右,说明植物模型具有良好的消波作用。 相似文献
9.
波浪作用对水库岸坡稳定性有重要影响。为了解波浪在岸坡地形中的传播演变机制和孔隙水压力响应特性,在波浪水槽末端铺设长6 m、坡度1∶16的斜坡沙床进行试验。通过改变入射波浪参数,测量斜坡段各处波面形态,采集斜坡段不同位置处孔隙水压力,分析了波浪在沙质岸坡上浅水变形区域内波面变化特征、波能演变规律以及岸坡土体孔压特征。结果表明：随着入射波浪厄塞尔数的增大,波浪浅水变形更加明显,波形不对称性加剧,各阶谐波之间互相作用更加强烈;水深较大区域,岸坡渗透作用大于浅水变形作用,波高呈现减小趋势;浅水变形剧烈区,浅水变形作用大于岸坡渗透作用,波高呈现增大趋势,最终破碎;孔压随入射波高与波周期的增大而增大,岸坡不同位置处孔压沿深度衰减速率和随波高增长速率均不同;岸坡孔压沿深度衰减速率与入射波周期呈现出正相关关系,与波高并无太大关系。 相似文献
10.
根据现场地形在港池中建立三维珊瑚礁?潟湖?裂口海岸定床整体物理模型,采用波高传感器、流速仪和表面流速测量系统分别测量了规则波作用下珊瑚礁海岸不同位置的波浪和流场特征。结果表明:礁坪上,波高在向岸方向逐渐减小,总减小幅度为86.7%,增水先增大后减小,沿礁坪下降幅度为65.9%,水流以向岸流为主,存在着先增大后减小的趋势;潟湖中,波高靠近裂口处较大,中部最大值约为两侧最小值的2.8倍,增水则靠近裂口处最小,相比两侧最大值下降了25.5%,水流主要为对称地指向裂口的沿岸流,流速从两侧到裂口先增大后减小;裂口中波高变化不大,增水在靠近潟湖处最大,为礁坪上增水的47.6%,水流主要为离岸流,流速同样是先增大后减小。量化分析了环流驱动力、辐射应力与波面压力梯度的空间变化规律,发现礁坪上向岸流变化是平均水位梯度和辐射应力相互作用的结果,在裂口中的离岸流驱动力主要为辐射应力,而潟湖中的沿岸流变化由平均水位梯度决定的。 相似文献
11.
Longitudinal dispersion in wave-current-vegetation flow 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. Patil X. Li C. Li B. Y. F. Tam C. Y. Song Y. P. Chen Q. Zhang 《Physical Oceanography》2009,19(1):45-61
The flow, turbulence, and longitudinal dispersion in wave-current flow through submerged vegetation are experimentally examined.
Laboratory experiments are carried out by superimposing progressive waves on a steady flow through simulated submerged vegetation.
The resultant wave-current-vegetation interaction shows strong interface shear with increase in the velocity due to the wave-induced
drift. The increase in turbulence in the region of vegetation is found to be about twice higher than in the no-wave case due
to the additional mixing by wave motions. Solute experiments are conducted to quantify the wave-current-vegetation longitudinal
dispersion coefficient (WCVLDC) by the routing method and by defining length and velocity scales for the wave-current-vegetation
flow. An empirical expression for the WCVLDC is proposed. Although the increase in vertical diffusivity is observed as compared
with bare-bed channels, the shear effect is stronger, which increases the value of the WCVLDC. The study can be a guideline
to understand the combined hydrodynamics of waves, current, and vegetation and quantify the longitudinal dispersion therein.
Published in Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 1, pp. 50–67, January–February, 2009. 相似文献
12.
全球海岸生态系统正遭受气候变化及人类活动带来的威胁, 本文基于沙坝-潟湖系统海岸典型剖面形态, 通过设计实施动床波浪水槽试验, 定量研究了侵蚀浪条件下沉水植被对该系统海岸冲淤的影响。结果表明: 沉水植被明显削弱了沙坝前坡波浪破碎区前缘的波高增大幅度, 并使坝后波高衰减; 植被作用使波浪反射和透射系数减小、耗散系数增大; 侵蚀浪作用下, 沙坝坝顶冲刷较明显, 潟湖内呈淤积趋势, 海岸前丘受波浪冲刷呈陡坎形态。植被影响下沙坝和前丘区域最大侵蚀厚度均减小; 植被可减少沙坝净侵蚀量、潟湖内淤积量及离岸输沙量, 对海岸前丘有较好的保护作用。 相似文献
13.
西北太平洋浪流相互作用对有效波高的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西北太平洋强流区会对海浪的特征和分布产生显著的影响,尤其是研究台风过程中海流与海浪的相互作用具有重要的研究意义。本文以ROMS海洋模式和SWAN海浪模式为基础,构建了浪流耦合模式系统,对2013年10月6-17日间的台风“丹娜丝”、“百合”、“韦帕”过程中西北太平洋浪流相互作用中海流对有效波高的影响进行了研究。通过对比模式模拟有效波高与浮标观测资料,发现耦合后的有效波高比非耦合结果更接近观测值,耦合模式中海流的存在对有效波高的分布有明显的影响。研究表明,特别是在有效波高峰值处,海流引起的有效波高增大最大可达1 m。海浪浪向及流向的空间分布以及中国近海浮标处浪向与流向的时间序列表明,流向与浪向反向时,海流的影响造成有效波高增大;二者同向时,有效波高减小。海流对有效波高的调整会沿着海浪传播的方向传播相当一段距离。在西北太平洋的海浪场计算中,引入海流的耦合模式计算结果对改善强流区海浪预报具有重要意义,并且海流的模拟精度对于高精度的海浪预报非常重要。 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋工程》2015,(4)
The movement of sediment in estuary and on coast is directly restricted by the bed shear stress. Therefore, the research on the basic problem of sediment movement by the bed shear stress is an important way to research the theory of sediment movement. However, there is not a measuring and computing method to measure the bed shear stress under a complicated dynamic effect like wave and current. This paper describes the measurement and test research on the bed shear stress in a long launder of direct current by the new instrument named thermal shearometer based on micro-nanotechnology. As shown by the research results, the thermal shearometer has a high response frequency and strong stability. The measured results can reflect the basic change of the bed shear stress under wave and wave?current effect, and confirm that the method of measuring bed shear stress under wave?current effect with thermal shearometer is feasible. Meanwhile, a preliminary method to compute the shear stress compounded by wave?current is put forward according to the tested and measured results, and then a reference for further study on the basic theory of sediment movement under a complicated dynamic effect is provided. 相似文献
15.
The vegetation has important impacts on coastal wave propagation. In the paper, the sensitivities of coastal wave attenuation due to vegetation to incident wave height, wave period and water depth, as well as vegetation configurations are numerically studied by using the fully nonlinear Boussinesq model. The model is based on the implementation of drag resistances due to vegetation in the fully nonlinear Boussinesq equation where the drag resistance is provided by the Morison’s formulation for rigid structure induced drag stresses. The model is firstly validated by comparing with the experimental results for wave propagation in vegetation zones. Subsequently, the model is used to simulate waves with different height, period propagating on vegetation zones with different water depth and vegetation configurations. The sensitivities of wave attenuation to incident wave height, wave period, water depth, as well as vegetation configurations are investigated based on the numerical results. The numerical results indicate that wave height attenuation due to vegetation is sensitive to incident wave height, wave period, water depth, as well as vegetation configurations, and attenuation ratio of wave height is increased monotonically with increases of incident wave height and decreases of water depth, while it is complex for wave period. Moreover, more vegetation segments can strengthen the interaction of vegetation and wave in a certain range. 相似文献
16.
The movement of sediment in estuary and on coast is directly restricted by the bed shear stress. Therefore, the research on the basic problem of sediment movement by the bed shear stress is an important way to research the theory of sediment movement. However, there is not a measuring and computing method to measure the bed shear stress under a complicated dynamic effect like wave and current. This paper describes the measurement and test research on the bed shear stress in a long launder of direct current by the new instrument named thermal shearometer based on micro-nanotechnology. As shown by the research results, the thermal shearometer has a high response frequency and strong stability. The measured results can reflect the basic change of the bed shear stress under wave and wave?current effect, and confirm that the method of measuring bed shear stress under wave?current effect with thermal shearometer is feasible. Meanwhile, a preliminary method to compute the shear stress compounded by wave?current is put forward according to the tested and measured results, and then a reference for further study on the basic theory of sediment movement under a complicated dynamic effect is provided. 相似文献
17.
悬沙浓度是淤泥质海岸重要的环境指标。为探讨潮滩悬沙浓度和悬沙输运对风暴事件的响应过程及其动力机制,于2014年9月"凤凰"台风过境前、中、后在长江三角洲南汇潮滩进行了现场观测,获得同步高分辨率的水深、波高、近底流速和浊度剖面时间序列(9个潮周期)。结果表明,风暴中平均和最大波高、波-流联合底床剪切应力、悬沙浓度和悬沙输运率可比平静天气高数倍;风暴期间高潮位低流速阶段悬沙沉降导致近底发育数十厘米厚的浮泥层(悬沙浓度大于10 g/L)。研究认为风暴事件中淤泥质海岸悬沙浓度和悬沙输运的剧烈变化其根本动力机制是风暴把巨大能量传递给近岸水体,进而显著增大波-流联合底床剪切应力,导致细颗粒泥沙再悬浮。 相似文献
18.
在近岸波浪相关研究中,辐射应力是波动在水体中引起的剩余动量流,是波浪运动的重要物理量。在波浪从深水逐渐传向浅水的过程中,波浪的非线性逐渐增强,甚至会发生破碎等剧烈变形,引起辐射应力的强烈变化,对次重力波生成等有重要贡献。应用OpenFOAM精细模拟波浪在潜堤上的传播,得出波浪运动的详细流场信息,计算了有波浪破碎情况下潜堤地形上波浪的辐射应力和波浪增减水情况。研究结果表明,在潜堤地形下,辐射应力值在堤前平底处受波幅变化影响较敏感,波浪完全破碎后其值在堤后坡面处呈增大趋势直至平底处趋于平稳。辐射应力沿程变化对波浪增减水的影响趋势与波浪增减水方程符合良好。 相似文献
19.
磨刀门拦门沙区域枯季波流共同作用近底切应力和泥沙运动研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
On the basis of the measurement data pertaining to waves, current, and sediment in February 2012 in the mouth bar of the Modaomen Estuary, the Soulsby formulae with an iterative method are applied to calculating bottom shear stresses （BSS） and their effect on a sediment resuspension. Swell induced BSS have been found to be the most important part of the BSS. In this study, the correlation coefficient between a wavecurrent shear stress and SSC is 0.86, and that between current shear stresses and SSC is only 0.40. The peaks of the SSC are consistent with the height and the BSS of the swell. The swell is the main mechanism for the sediment re-suspension, and the tidal current effect on sediment re-suspension is small. The peaks of the SSC are centered on the high tidal level, and the flood tide enhances the wave shear stresses and the SSC near the bottom. The critical shear stress for sediment re-suspension at the observation station is between 0.20 and 0.30 N/m2. Tidal currents are too weak to stir up the bottom sediment into the flow, but a WCI （wave-current interaction） is strong enough to re-suspend the coarse sediment. 相似文献