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1.
2006年夏季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物群集 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据2006年8月在长江口及其邻近水域(30°30′N～32°30′N,121°E～123°E)39个观测站采集的浮游植物水样,研究了该水域浮游植物群集特征.调查区浮游植物以硅藻和甲藻为主,此外还有少量的金藻、蓝藻和绿藻.浮游植物主要优势物种为脆指管藻(Dactyliosolen fragilissima)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum).浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.27～4830.09 cells·mL-1,平均为290.92 cells·mL-1,高值出现在调查区122°30′E～123°E水域,近岸细胞丰度较低.浮游植物细胞丰度的垂直分布特征是随水深增加先增大后减小,最大值出现在10m层.调查区两个断面细胞丰度由沿岸至冲淡水域呈增加趋势,但在调查区靠近外海一侧出现细胞丰度最低值. 相似文献
2.
2006年秋季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物群集 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2006年11月在长江口及其邻近水域(30°30′N～32°30′N,121°E～123°30′E)39个测站采集的浮游植物水样研究了该水域浮游植物群集特征。调查区浮游植物以硅藻和甲藻为主,此外还有少量的金藻、蓝藻和绿藻。浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.13～59.69个/mL之间,平均为4.39个/mL,主要优势物种为圆海链藻Thalassiosira rotula和骨条藻Skeletonema spp.,调查区两个细胞丰度密集区分别出现在靠近口门以及外海水域。浮游植物细胞在20m层出现最大值。调查区两个典型断面的浮游植物分布特征分别由骨条藻和圆海链藻所刻画。固氮蓝藻铁氏束毛藻Trichodesmium thiebautii主要出现在调查区东部水域表层。根据浮游植物物种和细胞丰度进行聚类分析后,发现存在调查区东部与近岸2个浮游植物分区。 相似文献
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2009年夏季南海北部的网采浮游植物群落 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文报道2009年夏季(7月19日～8月16日)在南海北部海域(18°N～22°30＇ N,109°30＇E～120°30＇ E)33个站位网采浮游植物的分析结果.经初步鉴定,共发现浮游植物4门54属180种(含变形及变种),其中硅藻门35属93种;甲藻门17属84种;金藻门1属1种;蓝藻门1属2种.浮游植物平均细胞丰度为6.02×104 cells·m3,呈现近岸区域高于远岸区域的平面分布格局.其中硅藻在细胞丰度上占有优势,其次为甲藻.调查区浮游植物的生态类型多为热带暖水性类群和广布性类群,部分大洋性物种.优势种为菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、笔尖形根管藻(Rhizosolenia styliformis)、双凹梯形藻(Climacodium biconcavum)、距端假管藻(Pseudosolenia calcar-avis)和伏氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldiinfeldii).固氮蓝藻铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)在调查海域广泛分布,主要集中在海南岛东部以北近岸和吕宋海峡海域,以E601站最多,高达1.06×107 cells·m-3,部分站位也有少数红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)的分布.调查区浮游植物多样性程度较高,与细胞丰度平面上呈相嵌分布,仅在近岸出现低值. 相似文献
4.
东海营养盐结构的时空分布及其对浮游植物的限制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据2013年东海海域(120°—128°E、25°—33°N)春、夏、秋、冬的4个航次调查资料,分析了营养盐结构的时空分布并探讨其对浮游植物生长限制的情况。结果表明:(1)东海DIN(无机氮)/P(磷)、Si(硅)/DIN及Si/P比值受各种水团及浮游植物生长周期的影响较为明显,长江冲淡水与沿岸水的交汇作用控制着全航次DIN/P比值,基本呈近岸高、远海低的分布规律,而Si/DIN比值的分布则相反。春、夏季Si/P高值区主要分布在近岸,而秋、冬季则开始由中部海域向远海扩展。(2)研究海域浮游植物的生长主要受到N和P的限制,126°E以西的近岸及中部海域以P限制为主,而126°E以东的黑潮区受N限制;在季节变化上又以夏季受到营养盐的限制最明显。(3)与2001—2010年同期历史资料相比,2013年夏季航次受P限制站位数量比过往10年有所增加,限制范围由28°—32°N、123°E以西的长江口及浙北沿岸海域扩展到了126°E以西的东海中部及近岸水域;受N限制站位基本集中在126°—127°E以东黑潮区海域,但空间范围比十年前增大。 相似文献
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依据2006年8月对渤海的大面调查和2005年7月对莱州湾的现场实测得到的渤海表层海水二氧化碳分压(pCO2)数据,结合水文、化学和生物等要素的同步观测资料,重点分析了夏季渤海表层海水pCO2的分布特征,并讨论了CO2的源/汇影响机制.调查结果表明:夏季渤海水-气界面pCO2在313～1 118 μatm之间,平均值为537 μatm,在渤海中西部沿岸区域(119°E～120.5°E,38.5°N～40°N)和辽东湾外东部沿岸(120.7°E～121.2°E,39.9°N～40.1°N)存在大气CO2的汇区,其面积大约占渤海面积的1/5,而渤海整体表现为大气CO2的源.河流等陆源输入支持了源区pCO2高值,而部分海域内水质较好,透明度高,浮游植物的生物活动是形成汇区的主要原因. 相似文献
7.
2009 年夏季南海北部的浮游植物群落 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
根据2009 年8 月份对南海北部(18°～22°N, 110°～117°E)水域22 个采水站位的调查, 分析夏季调查区浮游植物的群落结构特征。通过Uterm?hl 方法共鉴定出浮游植物5 门60 属109 种(不包括未定种),群落组成以硅藻为主, 其次是甲藻。浮游植物生态类群以广温广布型种为主, 调查区的优势种为柔弱伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissma, 菱形海线藻Thalassionema nitzschioides, 颗粒直链藻Melosiragrannulata, 尖刺伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, 矮小短棘藻Detonula pumila, 原多甲藻Protoperidinium sp., 以及冰河拟星杆藻Asterionopsis glacialis。调查区细胞丰度介于0.009×103个/L到249.930×103个/L, 平均8.197×103个/L。南海北部表层浮游植物细胞丰度由近岸向外海逐渐降低,高值区位于珠江口附近以及南部水域, 甲藻在广东沿岸附近出现高值。调查区浮游植物丰度在垂直方向随着水深的增加而递减。Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数和Pielou 均匀度指数在珠江口南部和广东沿岸站位出现低值区, 群落结构稳定性较差。 相似文献
8.
2017年春季(04-20—05-09)在南黄海和东海海域(119°30′～125°00′E,26°00′～36°00′N)67个站位进行水文、化学和生物的综合调查,使用水采方法研究调查海域的浮游植物群落结构,并将群落数据与环境因子(温度、盐度和营养盐)进行相关性分析。调查中共鉴定出浮游植物4门55属146种,主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,还有少量的金藻和蓝藻,生态类型以温带近岸性和广布性物种为主。优势物种组成方面,南黄海和东海海域存在差异,其中南黄海海域优势物种为诺氏海链藻(Thalassiosira nordenskioldii)、太平洋海链藻(Thalassiosira pacifica)、微小原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)和具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)等,东海海域优势物种为柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis)和具齿原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum)等。调查区浮游植物细胞丰度为(0.07～547.87)×10~3个/L,平均值为29.45×10~3个/L,高值区集中在南黄海中部和闽浙沿岸区域,其中在南黄海中部的10～30 m水层发生硅藻水华。与环境因子的相关性分析表明,南黄海海域浮游植物细胞丰度与硅酸盐和磷酸盐浓度呈现显著正相关性,与其他环境因子相关性不明显;东海海域浮游植物细胞丰度与温度和盐度呈现显著负相关性,与硅酸盐、铵盐和硝酸盐浓度呈现显著正相关性。调查区香侬-威纳多样性指数介于1.05～4.86,平均值为2.48,高值区出现在调查区的北部近岸区域;Pielou均匀度指数介于0.02～0.97,平均值为0.57,高值区集中在南黄海北部近岸区域和东海外侧区域。 相似文献
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渤海中部和渤海海峡及邻近海域浮游植物群落结构的初步研究 总被引：29，自引：5，他引：29
对渤海调查区浮游植物的群落及其动力学进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,浮游植物群落主要由硅、甲藻组成 ,也有少数的蓝藻、绿藻和硅鞭藻出现 ,其生态类型主要为温带近岸型。粒级大小以微型浮游植物为主 ,依次为小型浮游植物 (包括网采浮游植物 )、微微型浮游植物。浮游植物群落的平面分布与各环境因子密切相关 ,其中水体中化学和生物相互作用所形成的浮游植物团块是其平面分布的主要特征。调查海域存在三个典型的浮游植物区划 :渤海海峡区、渤海湾区和黄河河口区。追踪实验的结果表明 ,调查区浮游植物群落短周期 (几天 )的变化是由关键种所驱动而非优势种。渤海海峡浮游植物群落的周年变化为双周期型 ,春季水华主峰出现在 4月 ,而秋季次高峰出现在 9月。春季浮游植物以小型细胞硅藻占优群落为主 ,秋季以大型细胞硅藻 甲藻联合占优群落为主。群落季节和周年的变化以种类演替 (speciessuccession)为主而非种类接替 (speciessequence)。与历史调查资料相比 ,1 998— 1 999年的观测表明浮游植物群落由硅藻占绝对优势逐渐转变为硅藻 甲藻共存为主的群落。甲藻的占优以及绿藻在特定时期的普遍出现反映了渤海海区营养盐结构比例变化对海区生态系统结构的影响 ,氮 /磷比率的增加和硅 /氮比率的降低是造成这一结果的 相似文献
10.
渤海浮游植物群落结构及与环境因子的相关性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2011年11月25日-12月1日在渤海(37°00′-40°00′N,118°00′-121°00′E)21个站位进行了水文、化学和生物的综合调查,应用Uterm觟hl方法对调查海域的浮游植物群落进行了研究,并将群落数据与环境因子(温度、盐度和营养盐)进行了相关性分析。本次调查共发现浮游植物3门30属65种,主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,还有少量的金藻,生态类型以温带近岸性物种为主,主要优势种为:具槽帕拉藻[Paralia sulcata(Ehrenberg)Cleve]、偏心圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus excentricus Ehrenberg)、梭状角藻[Ceratium fusus(Ehrenberg)Dujardin]、相似曲舟藻(Pleurosigma affine Grunow)、星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus Ehrenberg)和菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)等。调查区浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.89×103~16.4×103cells/L,平均值为4.36×103cells/L。表层浮游植物细胞丰度分布主要受硅藻刻画,高值区集中在辽东湾南侧和渤海海峡西侧海域,甲藻则主要集中在调查区西部和西北部海域。细胞丰度在水体中的垂直分布为随水深增加先升高后降低。调查区浮游植物群落多样性指数和均匀度指数均在调查区中部海域较高,在外侧海域较低。与历史资料的对比发现,近30年来渤海中部海域浮游植物群落结构由早期的硅藻占绝对优势转化为硅藻和甲藻联合占优。PCA和CCA分析以及与历史资料的对比表明,渤海中部海域营养盐结构的改变可能是造成这种转化的主要原因。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献