共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 724 毫秒
1.
Cai Lin Yang Liu Ronggen Jiang Jinmin Chen Baohong Chen Weili Wang Kaiwen Zhou Hui Lin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(11):12-22
Resource exploitation in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) is of major research interest worldwide, but its influence on the environment is poorly understood, especially due to the lack of baseline values for metals in the surrounding sediment. This work aimed to establish the baseline values of 17 metals (Ba, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ag, As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using normalization, the cumulative frequency curve method considering a total of 172 samples taken from 8 multitube cores and 1 box sediment core collected in the western CCZ during the COMRA-45 cruise campaign from August to September 2017. The baseline values of the evaluated metals were as follows: 1 932 mg/kg for Ba, 29 512 mg/kg for Ca, 18 150 mg/kg for K, 17 120 mg/kg for Mg, 6 747 mg/kg for Mn, 28 546 mg/kg for Na, 0.571 mg/kg for Ag, 5.00 mg/kg for As, 94.4 mg/kg for B, 0.626 mg/kg for Cd, 104 mg/kg for Co, 76.1 mg/kg for Cr, 370 mg/kg for Cu, 0.028 mg/kg for Hg, 190 mg/kg for Ni, 27.5 mg/kg for Pb and 156 mg/kg for Zn. Our findings would fill the baseline value gap in the study area and further improve accuracy of environmental impact assessments on the impact of resource exploitation. 相似文献
2.
Possibilities and problems for the extraction of backscattering coefficients from airborne and spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are discussed. Corrections for system errors and for imaging geometry are described. Examples are given for airborne SAR data acquired in theX - andC -bands over a test site in the Austrian Alps and for Seasat SAR data of glacierized areas in Iceland. From these data, backscattering coefficients have been derived on a relative scale for wet snow, glacier ice, and several ice-free surfaces. Data of in situ measurements on surface roughness and on dielectric parameters are presented for interpretation purposes and as the basis for backscatter modeling. The SAR-derived results are compared with theoretical backscattering calculations which were based on the Kirchhoff model for surface scattering and on the Born approximation for snow volume scattering. 相似文献
3.
Draft regulations for prospecting and exploration of polymetallic sulphides in the “Area” are currently being considered for implementation by the International Seabed Authority. This paper examines possible models for allocation of lease blocks for exploration and the proposed schedule for relinquishing blocks during the exploration phase. One model for granting of exploration licenses under the proposed regulations involves contiguous lease blocks, similar to that being considered for nodules and crusts; another model involves non-contiguous blocks. An analysis of the occurrence and distribution of known polymetallic sulphides in 32 training areas shows that the regulations for prospecting and exploration of crusts likely cannot be applied equally to polymetallic sulphides. 相似文献
4.
Convergence criteria are provided for truncating the evanescent eigenmode series in the Green's function for vertical, axisymmetric bodies of revolution. To numerically compute the strength of the source distribution for both the exciting and restoring forces, separate criteria are required for the off-diagonal and for the diagonal elements in the matrix of coefficients for the source strengths. The Black-Fenton algorithms for wave-induced exciting forces on vertical axisymmetric bodies of revolution are extended to include the wave-induced restoring forces. The Gauss-Seidel matrix version method recommended by Fenton is compared with the Gauss elimination method and is found to be non-converging for near deep water wave conditions. Comparison between theory and measured data for the dynamic response of a discus buoy demonstrates the convergence criteria over a range of dimensionless frequencies in relatively deep water wave conditions. 相似文献
5.
Long term wave climate of both extreme wave and operational wave height is essential for planning and designing coastal structures.
Since the field wave data for the waters around Korean peninsula is not enough to provide reliable wave statistics, the wave
climate information has been generated by means of long-term wave hindcasting using available meteorological data. Basic data
base of hindcasted wave parameters such as significant wave height, peak period and direction has been established continuously
for the period of 25 years starting from 1979 and for major 106 typhoons for the past 53 years since 1951 for each grid point
of the North East Asia Regional Seas with grid size of 18 km. Wind field reanalyzed by European Center for Midrange Weather
Forecasts (ECMWF) was used for the simulation of waves for the extratropical storms, while wind field calculated by typhoon
wind model with typhoon parameters carefully analyzed using most of the available data was used for the simulation of typhoon
waves. Design wave heights for the return period of 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 years for 16 directions at each grid point have
been estimated by means of extreme wave analysis using the wave simulation data. As in conventional methodsi of design criteria
estimation, it is assumed that the climate is stationary and the statistics and extreme analysis using the long-term hindcasting
data are used in the statistical prediction for the future. The method of extreme statistical analysis in handling the extreme
events like typhoon Maemi in 2003 was evaluated for more stable results of design wave height estimation for the return periods
of 30–50 years for the cost effective construction of coastal structures. 相似文献
6.
7.
A study is conducted to estimate the accurate attitude of a ship's motion and the estimation is used to arrive at the corrections required for a farfield pattern of a coaxial circular array. The relevant analytical expression is developed for the computation of moving average filter weights to estimate the ship's attitude for beamsteerings at different sea conditions. Farfield patterns are presented for different steered directions for the coaxial circular array of the additive type, and the multiplicative array technique is also used for beamsteering for higher steering angles to observe its control on the sidelobes as well as for the main beamwidths. In order to introduce an adaptive filter to estimate the accurate attitude for stable sonar platform, an adaptive parameter is examined for bathymetric applications where nonstationary ship movement prevails. 相似文献
8.
对虾工厂化育苗在我国沿海已经普及,对虾人工养殖也在沿海地区蓬勃发展,到1992年养殖面积已达200多万亩,人工育苗场全国约有上千个。养殖对虾已成为我国水产业中规模最大、经济效益最高的水产品。但近几年来沿海地区的工业飞速发展,沿岸海水均受到了不同程度的污染,各对虾育苗场卵孵化率普遍下降。今年我国养殖对虾又出现了大面积暴发性死亡,原因是复杂的,但作者认为,治虾病之本应是治水质。众所周知,一切生物的幼体阶段都是最敏感的时期,海水中的金属离子对对虾幼体生长的影响已有报道(吴彰宽等,1988; Lawrence et al.,1981),但其实验环境、方法及条件各有不同。作者于1992年5月至1993年4月在海阳育苗场作了现场实验,本文根据实验结果分析和研究了Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu金属离子对中国对虾受精卵及无节幼体生物毒性的影响;不同pH值海水加入不同浓度的混合金属离子,对无节幼体生长的毒性影响;不同盐度的海水加入不同浓度的混合金属离子对无节幼体生长毒性的影响。 相似文献
9.
An automatic flow analysis system with on-line liquid nitrogen trap, hydride generation and flame-less atomic absorption spectrophotometry was presented for the determination of inorganic arsenic and antimony in seawater. The experimental conditions such as acidity of reduction reaction, the amount of sodium borohydride , the flow rate of carry gas (high purity of nitrogen) were tested and selected optimally. The limit detection of the method presented was 0. 15 ug/L for arsenic and 0. 24 μ/L for antimony . During the determination of seawater samples with levels microgram arsenic and antimony pa litre th?variation coefficient would be ±4% for arsenic and ±10% for antimony. The volume needed for one measurement was 9 mL for arsenic and 12 mL for antimony. The frequency of sample determination reached 20 times per hour for arsenic and 15 times per hour for antimony. 相似文献
10.
A method for stochastic fatigue analysis of offshore platforms is presented. The method accounts for the nonlinearity in the drag loading term, and for the systematic deviation from a Gaussian process for a platform response. The method is based on an assumed form of the stress response process at a hot spot. A number of full scale measurements for elements in fixed platforms and for marine risers show very good agreement with this assumed form. A conventional spectral fatigue approach with stochastic linearization of the drag term in the basis for the new method, which uses results from linearizations in two or more sea states. The method is easily implemented in standard computer programs presently used within the offshore oil industry for fatigue analysis. 相似文献
11.
The Marine Pollution Control Unit (MPCU) is the competent national authority for discharging the Secretary of State for Transport responsibility for pollution from ships under the Prevention of Oil Pollution Act 1971 and subsequent legislation covering other hazardous substances. It is an integral part of The Coastguard Agency, an executive agency of The Department of Transport. MPCU is responsible for maintaining the National Contingency Plan, for monitoring and assessing all pollution incidents within UK waters including dealing with pollution from ships and for advising on/co-ordinating shoreline counter pollution operations, and for fostering and maintaining international relationships for mutual support. 相似文献
12.
九孔鲍褐藻酸酶、琼脂酶及纤维素酶的提取纯化 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
采用（NH4）2SO4分段盐析和葡聚糖凝胶SephadexG-100柱层析纯化技术，从九孔鲍Haliotis diversicolor supertexta内脏器官中提取纯化褐藻酸酶、琼脂酶及纤维素酶，结果表明，在（NH4）2SO4分段盐析纯化中，褐藻酸酶和纤维素酶的最适分离饱和度为60%，而琼脂酶为70%，分段盐析的提纯倍数为（以粗酶提取液为参照）褐藻酸酶13.3 ,琼脂酶8.7和纤维素酶10.9。葡聚糖凝胶SephadexG-100层析分离过程中，褐藻酸酶，琼脂酶和纤维素酶的比活力高峰分别出现在洗脱液的64，48和80ml处，提纯倍数分别为褐藻酸酶80.9，琼脂酶68.0及纤维素酶15.2，上述提纯方法的研究结果将为这3种酶性质的进一步研究以及作为工具酶制剂产品的开发提供了工艺技术基础。 相似文献
13.
熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)多嵴和无嵴品系子二代生长性状的选择效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了进一步检查熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)多嵴品系及无嵴品系的连续选择反应能力,以两个品系子一代上选组为材料,以壳高为指标,按照10%选择强度,开展了两个品系子二代混合上选研究,评估了两个品系子二代选择反应、现实遗传力,计算了两个品系的遗传改进量。结果表明:两个品系仍具有较高的现实遗传力,多嵴品系遗传参数均大于无嵴品系,表现出较好的遗传改良效果。多嵴和无嵴品系幼虫期的选择反应分别为0.47、0.34,稚贝期为0.65、0.40,养成期为0.82、0.56;幼虫期的现实遗传力分别为0.27、0.19,稚贝期为0.37、0.23,养成期为0.47、0.32;幼虫期的遗传改进量分别为4.83%、3.61%,稚贝期为7.55%、5.76%,养成期为9.95%、6.47%。经过一周年的养成,多嵴品系壳高显著大于无嵴品系,两个品系现实遗传力分别为0.50、0.35,遗传改进量分别为10.13%、6.61%。由此可见,多嵴品系具有较快的生长速度,遗传改良潜力较大。本研究为熊本牡蛎遗传改良和新品系培育奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
14.
Accurate detection of liver fibrosis stage and fibrosis procession is crucial for assessing prognosis and candidacy for treatment of patients with chronic hepatic disease. A significant need exists for developing a noninvasive technique for quantitative detection of liver fibrosis stage. Magnetic resonance elasto-graphy (MRE) is one of the most repidly advancing technologies for classifying the liver fibrosis. This study establishes a platform for liver fibrosis classification, and discusses some details in developing stimulator and displacement-phase imaging pulse. At last, the preliminary result and analysis of phantom experiment are given, which would form a basis for subsequent research on phantom MRE and its clinic application. 相似文献
15.
CFD, system-based and EFD study of ship dynamic instability events: Surf-riding, periodic motion, and broaching 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hamid Sadat-Hosseini Frederick Stern Naoya Umeda Shinya Yamamura 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(1):88-110
CFD and system-based simulation are used to predict broaching, surf-riding, and periodic motion for the ONR Tumblehome model, including captive and free model test validation studies. CFD shows close agreement with EFD for calm water resistance, static heel (except for sway force and yaw moment), and static drift (except for roll moment). CFD predictions of static heel in following waves also compare well with EFD except for surge force, sway force, and pitch angle. Froude-Krylov calculations of wave-induced surge force in following waves provides good agreement for high Froude number, but significantly overestimates for Froude number less than 0.2. On the other hand, CFD successfully reproduces the reduction of the wave-induced surge force near Froude number 0.2, probably because CFD can capture the 3D wave pattern. CFD free model simulations are performed for several speeds and headings and validated for the first time for surf-riding, broaching, and periodic motions. System-based simulations are carried out based on inputs from EFD, CFD, and Froude-Krylov for a dense grid of speeds and headings to predict the instability map, which were found to produce fairly similar results. 相似文献
16.
The analytical method developed by Svendsen (1968) for a forced heave motion is extended to the general problem of wave induced heave, roll and sway motions of a long ship at a depth of water which is only slightly larger than the draught of the ship. This corresponds, for example, to the situation of a fully loaded ship in a harbour area.After linearization of the problem, the water motion is considered for each of the three individual motions and for the wave reflection-transmission problem for a fixed ship. The ensuing results for the forces on the ship are then synthesized to form the equations of motion, which are presented with all coefficients given, including mooring forces.Analytical and numerical results are given for the three components of motion, for the associated resonance frequencies, and for the hydrodynamic masses and moments of inertia. Finally, the assumptions used are analyzed and evaluated by comparison with measurements and with other results for a special case. 相似文献
17.
Dissolved electroactive concentrations of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in river Rhine and North Sea samples have been measured at natural and lower pH values by differential pulsed anodic stripping voltammetry using a Kemula-type hanging mercury drop electrode. Average concentrations detected in North Sea samples at salinities and their range are (in μgl?1): 3.9 (2.0–7.5) for zinc, 0.23 (0.13–0.31) for cadmium, 0.3 (0.1–0.6) for lead and 0.3 (0.25–0.60) for copper (pH 8.1). The APDC-MIBK extracting/concentrating method, followed by AAS measurement applied to the same samples, resulted in 3.9 (2.0–7.5) for zinc, 0.11 (0.01–0.27) for cadmium, 0.5 (0.2–0.9) for lead and 1.6 (0.7–3.2) for copper. A fraction of the electroactive concentrations at pH 2.7 (6.1 for Zn) is electroactive at pH 8.1. The fractions are 100% for Cd, 20% for Cu, 13% for Pb and 40% for Zn. The remaining fractions are partly composed of organically bound species in solution. The low value for lead may be caused by the presence of particulate lead that is dissolved at low pH.Ionic copper and lead species, added separately to seawater at pH 8.1 are removed from the electroactive form, and taken up in (organic) complexes in the same ratio (at least for copper) as the species already present. Added ionic zinc is not removed within the time scale of the measurements (30 min). North Sea water at the natural pH has a complexing capacity, probably due to the presence of dissolved organic compounds, in a concentration equivalent to 3.10?7M copper. The complexing capacity is zero at pH 2.7. The usual method of standard addition for the determination of electroactive copper and lead concentrations may lead to erroneous results in samples where complexation of this type occurs. 相似文献
18.
去除有机质前后海底沉积物对稀土元素吸附能力的变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为更好地了解有机质对沉积物吸附稀土元素能力的影响,对珠江口和南海沉积物在去除有机质之前和之后进行了稀土元素吸附实验研究。结果表明,同一种沉积物在去除有机质前后对稀土元素的吸附呈现基本相同的规律,只是吸附量有所不同。沉积物在去除有机质之后对稀土离子的吸附能力比去除有机质之前大大降低;沉积物对各种稀土元素吸附量降低的百分比为:珠江口沉积物对Yb的吸附量减少了47.24%,对La的吸附量减少了75.50%,对其它元素的吸附量减少介于47.24%—75.50%之间;南海沉积物对Sm的吸附量减少了35.93%,对Ho的吸附量减少了45.41%,对其它元素的吸附量减少介于35.93%—45.41%之间。 相似文献
19.
20.
Peter Nielsen 《Coastal Engineering》1983,7(3):233-251
Explicit wave formulae derived from the dispersion relation for linear waves are used to find an analytical solution to the problem of wave height variation on a simple topography; i.e. topographies with incrementally constant slope and straight parallel contours. The solution accounts for shoaling, refraction and frictional dissipation and will be sufficiently accurate for practical purposes considering the simplifying assumptions that are necessary for treatment of this problem by any method. The solution is simple enough to be handled on a personal calculator and has the advantage over numerical solutions that it can be solved for other parameters, for example to give friction factors from observed wave height data. The last chapter contains updated formulae for wave friction factors over movable beds. 相似文献