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1.
邵祺  常帅  付晓梅 《海洋通报》2019,38(1):53-62
水声通信和测距能力是实现水下航行器准确定位的重要技术手段。当前基于水声定位的方法主要有利用测距和测向功能的水声定位技术以及水声测距辅助导航技术,二者的系统物理复杂度都比较高。本文提出了一种基于单水声信标距离量测的匹配定位方法,航行器在水声信标测距覆盖范围内,利用航行过程中多次测距信息构建测距圆序列形成位置约束,基于航位推算导航信息,将航行器在连续测距时间段内的相对航迹在圆序列上进行最优匹配,从而获得位置估计,通过对测距误差进行补偿可进一步提升定位精度。本方法所需物理系统结构复杂度低、可操作性强,仿真实验表明,该方法可以独立实现较高精度的定位。  相似文献   

2.
西边界流在边界“豁口”的形变及其机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
大洋西边界流在边界豁口处由于失去边界的支持而发生形变。本文将西边界流视为一种惯性射流,遵循绝对涡度守恒原理,推导了流轴及其两侧流体在西边界豁口处不同形式的弯曲,发现在一定的豁口尺度条件下,西边界流自身的相对涡度分布特点和地球旋转的β效应决定了在失去西侧陆坡支持时,其主体会沿反气旋路径发生一段经向的位移而圈回入射点所在的经度位置。主轴变形的经向尺度与初始速度及西边界流的入射角度有关;主轴西侧可能会出现一小部分分支进入邻近的内海并形成气旋或反气旋式环流;主轴东侧的流体则在豁口以东沿反气旋路径弯曲,从而论证了西边界豁口处形成西边界流弯曲的可能性和原因  相似文献   

3.
基于松辽盆地深层火山岩岩心分析,通过模型正演分析发现,深层火山岩产生的重、磁异常不是很大,表现为叠加在强背景之上的次级异常.提出了积分—迭代延拓平化曲线新方法来增强火山岩磁异常信息,以达到均衡磁异常,消除深度的影响.通过对松辽盆地区域磁异常的处理与解释,提取反映深层火山岩的磁异常信息,利用斜导数、欧拉反褶积等多种方法圈定了深层火山岩的分布,指出火山岩的视密度、视磁化率与其两者的相关系数是最佳的三参数组合.神经网络模糊识别是判别火山岩岩性的有效方法,应用该方法在井约束下建立判别网络,完成了深层火山岩岩性的识别.应用神经网络判别火山岩岩性的方法对其他地区深层火山岩的预测有一定的参考和借鉴作用.  相似文献   

4.
近年来,参量阵浅地层剖面以其简便的野外采集方式、高分辨率的浅部地层成像能力,迅速发展为海底浅层天然气水合物探测的有效方法。为了更好地获取东海浅层天然气水合物赋存区的地质信息,针对参量阵浅地层剖面数据开展了精细化处理。首先将异常振幅压制和空间振幅均衡等方法有机结合,解决了数据中的各种噪音和能量不均衡等问题,然后利用Hilbert变换提高地层分辨率,最后利用信号增强技术进一步提高同相轴连续性,获得了波组特征更清晰的地震剖面。处理后的参量阵浅地层剖面具有信噪比较高、连续性好、地层结构清晰等特点,可以更好地揭示空白带、气烟囱、亮点和火焰状异常等地震反射特征,为识别浅层天然气水合物赋存区地质信息奠定基础。对精细处理后的数据进一步开展曲率属性、瞬时振幅属性、相干属性等地震属性分析,结果显示,与浅层天然气水合物渗漏相关的声学异常能够被清晰地识别出来。此项研究一方面验证了参量阵浅地层剖面数据处理方法的可行性,另一方面也探索了属性分析技术在海底浅层天然气水合物识别方面的应用。  相似文献   

5.
个性化大地测量报表服务的实现   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
报表服务是大地测量信息系统的一项基本功能,但往往会因为格式的微小调整而导致系统的整体重构。首先分析了当前报表生成方法的缺点,提出了基于XML相关技术生成报表的新思路;然后介绍了以XML为基本语法的统一数据交换接口,屏蔽了各种报表数据源的差异;重点讨论了如何运用XSL技术将接口文件变换成通用的HTML,并对报表中的图形信息用SVG进行描述,从而将报表转换成通用浏览器可以识别的信息模型;最后对此技术进行了实践。通过在系统外部更改报表样式文件,能够实现报表服务的个性化,增强系统的扩展性。  相似文献   

6.
为解决不埋深海管道在温压荷载循环作用下,轴向移动量不断累积的问题,采用数值模拟方法,在论证了钢悬链线立管(steel catenary riser,SCR)张力相比于其他因素对管道轴向移动影响更为显著的基础上,针对一端受到SCR张力作用的短管,分析了不同轴向移动消减方案的作用特点。研究表明,对管道进行锚固能有效约束其轴向移动,且在中部锚固需要的锚固力及管道内产生的有效轴向力均较小;滑动基础可通过释放一定的管道位移量来减少管中的应力累积。因此将中部锚固与端部滑动相结合可优化锚固系统,使锚固力进一步下降54%,管中最大有效轴向压力减小33%,从而最有效地消减轴向移动。  相似文献   

7.
本文利用水文和海流观测资料,从水团相互作用去研究东海高密水及其环流的演变。获得如下一些结果:东海高密水冬季形成于东海中部陆架混合水中,入春以后水团挤压,高密水显得更为突出,入秋后高密水变性,东海中部陆架混合水重新形成;东海高密水核心区可形成气旋环流,从冬到秋经历了一个弱—强—弱的演变过程。海流观测结果证实这个环流是存在的;在东海高密水南侧存在较明显的密度锋,从冬到秋它也经历了一个弱—强—弱的演变过程;水团分析发现,各种与主体分离的混合水从春到夏可在高密水核心周围组合成一个环,从而进一步印证了这个高密水环流的存在  相似文献   

8.
苏翔  李超 《海洋通报》2020,39(5):548-557
近海风速预报在沿海防灾减灾、航运安全、风能评估等方面具有重要应用。本文基于欧洲中期天气预报中心数值预报 (ECMWF) 数据,将最优 TS 评分 (OTS) 与频率匹配 (FMM) 两种方法应用于江苏近海风速预报订正,对比了两种订正 方法的优缺点,分析了不同时间训练样本量以及空间站点观测资料数量对订正效果的影响。结果表明:在相同长度的训练期下,风速等级越小,时间训练期样本越多,预报订正值越稳定;对于 7 级以上高风速等级的预报,OTS 与 FMM 的 TS 评分差异不大, 但 FMM 订正更加稳定且频率偏差 (BIAS) 更接近 1;扩充站点观测资料可有效提升预报订正性能;对于 7 级以上灾害性大风,最佳的订正方案是采用 FMM 方法结合全年时间训练样本和扩充的站点观测资料。此外,本文还对比了不同风速情形下,订正前后 BIAS 和 TS 评分对于时间训练样本量、空间站点观测数量以及订正方法 (OTS 和 FMM) 的敏感性的相对大小。  相似文献   

9.
针对水声数据的特征中含有大量冗余、不相关和噪声特征,导致水声目标识别正确率降低的问题,提出了一种新的水下目标特征选择方法——基于弹性网回归的无监督特征选择算法(Unsupervised fea- ture selection algorithm based on elastic-net regression,UFSER)。 该算法利用谱回归得到高维水声数据和其低维表示之间的回归系数矩阵,并且在回归框架中加入弹性网惩罚项优化求解回归系数矩阵;最后,对回归系数矩阵进行稀疏化从而对特征的分类性能进行评价。 使用实测水声数据集和 UCI 声呐数据集进行特征选择和 SVM 分类实验。 实验结果表明:在特征数目分别减少 60.6%和 60%的情况下,分类识别正确率较特征选择前提升了 1.05%和 6.6%。  相似文献   

10.
何爽  卢霞  张森  李珊  唐海童  郑薇  林辉  罗庆龄 《海洋科学》2020,44(12):44-53
针对传统分类方法易受到"同物异谱"和"同谱异物"影响,致使河口湿地覆盖分类精度较低的问题,提出一种基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络分类算法。以江苏省临洪河口湿地为研究区,选用哨兵Sentinel-2影像,经辐射校正、大气校正和图像裁剪等预处理后,构建基于自适应遗传算法优化的BP神经网络算法开展临洪河口湿地土地覆盖分类研究,并与传统BP神经网络、支持向量机和随机森林算法进行精度比较。研究结果表明:遗传算法优化后的BP神经网络算法开展河口湿地土地覆盖分类的总精度为96.162 7%,Kappa系数为0.952 0;与传统BP神经网络、支持向量机和随机森林分类算法的分类总精度相比,分别提高了7.359 7%、11.677 9%和6.042 4%;对应的Kappa系数也相应提高了0.090 8、0.118 0和0.074 8;有效解决了河口湿地土地覆盖分类精度低的问题。遗传算法优化后的BP神经网络可实现河口湿地土地覆盖的高精度分类,促进湿地资源的合理开发和保护,为实现海洋生态文明建设提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

11.
北冰洋公海尚处于冰封状态,但气候变暖、海冰加速融化使未来公海出现新渔场成为可能,其战略价值因而得到国际关注。当前,环北极国家已率先展开渔业权益争夺。为分析北冰洋公海渔业事务的国际走势,文章基于博弈论思想,构建非对称懦夫博弈模型及古诺模型来模拟和探究环北极国家在渔业利益争夺中的合作或冲突行为,研究得出:现阶段北冰洋公海渔业权益争端主要表现为渔业管理权的争夺,在该博弈中,非北冰洋沿岸国采取退让策略,沿岸国采取进攻策略,可以达到进化稳定均衡;一旦公海具备捕鱼条件,争端将演化为开发模式选择的博弈,此时,北冰洋沿岸国采取合作开发策略可以有效保护公海渔业资源,并实现国家的长期利益。  相似文献   

12.
海域使用权抵押作为新兴的融资方式,得到普遍的认可,但是因相关法律未明确以怎样的方式对海域使用权价值的评估,故其在实践中遇到适用的阻碍,文章主要从农渔业用海和工矿交通用海权两个方面进行论述,阐释了对海域使用权价值的评估体系,也就是说对渔业适用三方联保贷款,而工矿交通则适用设立专门的担保机构以此来解决海洋功能分类定制,便于向金融机构以海域使用权获得相应的贷款,促进经济发展,为改革开放40年经济持续发展献出绵薄之力。  相似文献   

13.
文章借鉴自然资源资产负债表的编制框架和海洋资源的统计核算等相关理论,通过确认海洋资源的产权和最大可持续产量,编制海洋可再生资源权益资产负债表。基于修正模型以及1988—2015年山东省海洋渔业相关数据,计算山东省海洋捕捞年度最大可持续产量,继而编制2015年山东省海洋渔业捕捞权益资产负债表。结果表明:山东省自1996年起出现捕捞资源超采问题,1997—2001年过度捕捞情况最为严重,2002年后在相关规定实施和资源量大减的双重压力下捕捞量有所降低但超采依旧严重。实例证明,编制海洋资源权益资产负债表可为海洋资源权益交易和综合管理提供依据,具有可行性和重要性。  相似文献   

14.
为应对海洋渔业发展新挑战,促进渔业经济与生态环境协同发展,践行全面协调可持续发展要求。文章基于2009—2019年我国沿海省(自治区、直辖市)数据,运用包含生态环境的随机前沿生产函数、泰尔指数分别量化我国海洋渔业绿色生产效率及其地区差异与变化程度,并对其影响因素进行回归分析。结果表明:(1)2009—2019年我国海洋渔业绿色生产效率呈现逐年上升的趋势,但整体水平仍不高,随着海洋渔业绿色生产效率水平的逐步提升,其增长率呈下降趋势;(2)泰尔指数逐年降低,表明我国海洋渔业绿色生产效率的区域差异正逐渐缩小;(3)海洋渔业经济总产值占地区GDP比重、海洋捕捞产量占海水产品产量比重、渔业从业人员专业化程度、水产技术推广经费对我国海洋渔业绿色生产效率产生显著的正向影响,水产品因污染造成损失产生负向影响。据此提出加强海洋资源监测、强化海洋渔业科技支撑、转变渔业发展模式等对策建议。  相似文献   

15.
文章针对海洋渔业由于过度捕捞造成渔业资源枯竭的问题,提出了一种基于海洋遥感(ORS)、全球定位系统(GPS)和海洋地理信息系统(MGIS)等高新技术的海洋捕捞与海水养殖监管系统设计方案,可以远程自动对海洋渔业区域的水质多参数信息和养殖环境视频信息进行综合采集、传输及监控,也可以自动采集传输渔船RFID身份识别信息、渔船AIS自动识别信息、渔船GPS定位信息和捕捞生产视频信息等,并通过海洋精细渔业专家系统ES进行渔业养殖监控、渔业环境资源监测评估、渔船船数和功率数控制和海洋捕捞生产渔情监测等。该系统可以实现海洋渔业精细化捕捞和海洋渔业精细化养殖,促进海洋渔业可持续发展。  相似文献   

16.
This study is a first step towards valuing the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME), one of the five world's most productive marine areas that are rich in fishery resources, petroleum production, and an important global region of marine biological diversity. The area is highly degraded and thus demands urgent attention to recover and sustain depleted fisheries; restore degraded habitats; and reduce land and ship-based pollutions. Achieving this goal would be a mirage if the actual value of the ecosystem's contribution to the society is not known. Valuation can help identify the main beneficiaries of conservation and the magnitude of benefits they receive, and help design measures to capture some of these benefits and contribute to financing of conservation. Hence this study used the direct output approach to estimate the value of relevant marine activities in the area. The result shows that the total value of output in GCLME when some outputs namely, marine fishery, offshore oil production, NTFP (periwinkle) and mining, are considered as $49,941.4 million. Among these uses, offshore oil production has the highest value accounting for 59.79% of the total estimate. These estimates provides sufficient evidence to show that GCLME provide enormous value and should be managed appropriately to sustain the gains if the economic development would be guaranteed especially considering that most countries in the GCLM depend on natural resources for their survival. Evolving a well defined property rights regime and an efficient governance system for management is recommended.  相似文献   

17.
Oregon's Developmental Fisheries Program is designed to encourage the commercial exploration and development of State managed underutilized fishery resources. A key program strategy is allocating relatively secure harvest rights to pioneering entrepreneurs when a fishery successfully transitions from “developing” to “developed” status. Since the program's inception in 1993, two fisheries, sardine and bay clam, have moved from undeveloped to developed status. Case studies of these fisheries show that many challenges impact the success of the Developmental Fisheries Program including difficulties in designing and allocating asset rights, establishing operational program guidelines, selecting measurable targets that meet legislative standards for a developed fishery, and financing developmental fisheries management practices. Developmental fisheries strategies used in other regions and countries are summarized. Recommendations are made for improving Oregon's Developmental Fishery Program including establishing clear objectives and timelines for the Program and identifying appropriate renewal requirements for permits and other developmental incentives on a fishery-by-fishery basis.  相似文献   

18.
The ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is a holistic paradigm that considers stocks of exploitable species, marine ecosystems and stakeholders. Management agencies must strike a balance between their capacity constraints and the requisites of management measures. Most small-scale sea cucumber fisheries of Pacific Islands have been plundered while others are being opened to commercial exploitation. Data from fishery managers and a regional workshop were used to assess the current problems, institutional constraints and solutions to the management of sea cucumber fisheries in 13 Pacific Island countries (PICs). Technical capacity was often strong for some management actions such as developing marine reserves but weak for others, such as enforcement. Using multi-disciplinary indicators, half of the fisheries were diagnosed by their managers as being overfished or depleted, despite evidence of optimistic bias. Fishery governance varied greatly among the PICs, and co-management frameworks were not typical of any cultural region. Management objectives were prioritised differently among managers but most highly ranked was to protect ecological resilience. The fishery managers proposed different sets of regulatory measures and various management actions, such as surveys to collect socio-economic and fishery-dependent data, support for local governance and strong enforcement – all widely under-practised. Pacific sea cucumber fisheries exemplify how the transition to an EAF by management institutions must involve reorganisation of their technical and human-resource capacities among management tasks. Levies on exports need to be internalised to fund improved management. Management agencies should consider a shift in resources from developing marine reserves, conducting underwater surveys and aquaculture-based restocking to strengthening enforcement capacity, stakeholder involvement and communication with fishers. In concert with these actions, short fishing seasons, shortlists of allowable species and tighter enforcement at export points may serve to turn the tide on boom-and-bust exploitation and safeguard biodiversity.  相似文献   

19.
《Marine Policy》1999,23(1):1-10
Game theory is a formal tool for analysing strategic interaction between a finite number of agents. The fact that usually more than one entity or agent has property rights to fishery resources, has led to an explosion in the use of game theory and applications thereof to analyse fishery management problems. This review shows that game-theoretic modelling has made significant contributions to our understanding of the problems of fishery resource management. However, many challenges still remain. For instance, models of straddling stocks are yet to be fully developed. In addition, fisheries economists have not yet fully exploited the opportunity provided by computational methods now available, and the ever increasing power of computers, to develop more empirical game-theoretic models for practical fisheries management.  相似文献   

20.
This study investigates the local social and fisheries impact of formal fisheries policies in Bahía de Kino, one of the most important fishing villages in terms of extraction of benthic resources in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico. The paper focuses on cross-scale institutional interactions, describing how existing formal policies are functioning on the ground, how these policies interact with local arrangements, and how this interaction may affect the incentives of different actors towards sustainable fisheries. Besides providing lessons on how the performance of a local fishery could be improved, this paper addresses the question of whether the formal institutional structure of Mexican fishing regulations is effective in promoting responsible behavior by small-scale fishery stakeholders. It is argued that the design of the most widely used management tool to regulate access to marine resources throughout Mexico -the permit (licensing) system- provides the wrong incentives for sustainable-use. Granting secure rights to resources to those actively involved in the fishery is a necessary step for promoting sustainable fishing practices.  相似文献   

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