共查询到10条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
R. Rosland
. Strand M. Alunno-Bruscia C. Bacher T. Strohmeier 《Journal of Sea Research》2009,62(2-3):49
A Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model for simulation of growth and bioenergetics of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) has been tested in three low seston sites in southern Norway. The observations comprise four datasets from laboratory experiments (physiological and biometrical mussel data) and three datasets from in situ growth experiments (biometrical mussel data). Additional in situ data from commercial farms in southern Norway were used for estimation of biometrical relationships in the mussels. Three DEB parameters (shape coefficient, half saturation coefficient, and somatic maintenance rate coefficient) were estimated from experimental data, and the estimated parameters were complemented with parameter values from literature to establish a basic parameter set. Model simulations based on the basic parameter set and site specific environmental forcing matched fairly well with observations, but the model was not successful in simulating growth at the extreme low seston regimes in the laboratory experiments in which the long period of negative growth caused negative reproductive mass. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the model was moderately sensitive to changes in the parameter and initial conditions. The results show the robust properties of the DEB model as it manages to simulate mussel growth in several independent datasets from a common basic parameter set. However, the results also demonstrate limitations of Chl a as a food proxy for blue mussels and limitations of the DEB model to simulate long term starvation. Future work should aim at establishing better food proxies and improving the model formulations of the processes involved in food ingestion and assimilation. The current DEB model should also be elaborated to allow shrinking in the structural tissue in order to produce more realistic growth simulations during long periods of starvation. 相似文献
2.
Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most important emerging pathogens in the global aquaculture industries. As such, an accurate diagnosis and quantitative analytical methods are urgently needed for this bacterium. In this study, primers and a TaqMan probe specific to the conservative sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of E. tarda were designed. The concentration of primers and TaqMan probe were optimized to 200 nmol/L and 120 nmol/L, respectively. The detection sensitivity of the FQ-PCR assay was determined to be as low as five copies of the target sequence per reaction using the pGEM-16S rDNA recombinant plasmid as a template, which was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. A standard curve by plotting the threshold cycle values （y） against the common logarithmic copies （log10 nc as x; nc is copy number） of pGEM-16S rDNA was generated. The results of intra-and inter-assay variability tests demonstrate that the established FQ-PCR method was highly reproducible. The assay was specific for E. tarda as it showed that there was no cross-reactivity to eight additional bacterial pathogen strains in aquaculture. Thus, the FQ-PCR assay has the potential for diagnostic purposes and for other applications, especially for the rapid detection and quantification of low-grade E. tarda infections. 相似文献
3.
Barik Tapan K. Swain Surya N. Sahu Bijayalaxmi Tripathy Bibarani Acharya Usha R. 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(6):26-35
Marine ecosystems provide a wide variety of diverse habitats that frequently promote migration and ecological adaptation. The extent to which the geographic distribution of marine organism has reshaped by human activities remains underappreciated. The limitations intrinsic to morphology-based identification systems have engendered an urgent need for reliable genetic methods that enable the unequivocal recognition of fish species,particularly those that are prone to overexploitation and/or market substitution. In the present study, however, an attempt has been taken to identify two locally adapted fish species, Siganus sutor(Valenciennes, 1835) and Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell, 1829) of order Perciformes, which happens to be the first record in Odisha coast,Bay of Bengal. The diagnostic characteristics of Siganus sutor are: dorsal fin XIII-10, anal fin VII-9, pectoral fin 15,pelvic fin II-3, while that of Seriolina nigrofasciata dorsal fin VI-I-35, anal fin I-17, pectoral fin 16, pelvic fin 5. All COI barcodes generated in this study were matched with reference sequences of expected species, according to morphological identification. Bayesian and likelihood phylogenetic trees were drawn based on DNA barcodes and all the specimens clustered in agreement with their taxonomic classification at the species level. The phylogeographic studies based on haplotype network and migration rates suggest that both the species were not panmitic and the high-frequency population distribution indicates successful migration. The result of this study provides an important validation of the use of DNA barcode sequences for monitoring species diversity and changes within a complex marine ecosystem. 相似文献
4.
通过传统形态学数据和框架结构数据相结合,应用方差、聚类、判别和主成分等4种多元分析方法,分析了太平洋双色鳗鲡与日本鳗鲡、美洲鳗鲡和花鳗鲡的形态差异。结果表明:(1)太平洋双色鳗鲡背鳍前端与臀鳍前端之间的垂线距离占全长的1.4%,属短鳍型鳗鲡。(2)太平洋双色鳗鲡与其它3种鳗鲡形态差异显著。在可数性状中,太平洋双色鳗鲡的总脊椎骨数显著小于日本鳗鲡,显著大于美洲鳗鲡和花鳗鲡,背鳍前脊椎骨数显著大于其它3种鳗鲡;在可量性状中,太平洋双色鳗鲡的吻长显著小于美洲鳗鲡和花鳗鲡,显著大于日本鳗鲡;在框架结构性状中,太平洋双色鳗鲡有6项性状与其它3种鳗鲡差异显著。(3)太平洋双色鳗鲡的背鳍起点与其它3种鳗鲡相比最靠后,背鳍起点在鳗鲡分类研究中可作为重要的框架结构定位点。本研究可为太平洋双色鳗鲡的合理引进和种质保护提供资料。 相似文献
5.
基于几何形态测量学的4种金线鱼矢耳石识别研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用2007年9月至2010年9月采自北部湾海域的24尾红棘金线鱼(Nemipterus nemurus)、32尾金线鱼(N.virgatus)、36尾深水金线鱼(N.bathybius)和35尾日本金线鱼(N.japonicus)性成熟后的矢耳石样本,运用几何形态测量学方法研究了4种鱼类矢耳石形态识别问题。耳石经图像处理后提取地标点坐标值,进行相对扭曲主成分分析,通过判别分析区分4种金线鱼的耳石,利用薄板样条分析和网格变形分析耳石形态变异。结果表明:在相对扭曲主成分分析中,第1、2、3主成分分别解释了总变异的30.78%、28.44%和11.75%,可以将四种金线鱼耳石区分开来。其中Ⅰ型地标点6、10、11,Ⅱ型地标点2,Ⅲ型地标点7,贡献作用较大,解释了主要形态变异。相对扭曲主成分的逐步判别分析中,四种鱼的平均判别成功率达91.3%;交互验证结果显示,四种鱼的平均判别成功率达89.8%,表明几何形态测量学分析可以作为鱼种耳石识别的有效方法之一,在耳石形态学与鱼种判别研究中具有重要应用价值。 相似文献
6.
本文对白令海北部陆坡B2-9站位沉积物岩芯开展了高分辨率的生物标志物分析,获得了研究区近一万年来陆源长链正构烷烃（简写为烷烃）的输入及其源区植被结构的变化等相关记录。结果表明,nC27是烷烃中最高的主碳峰,对烷烃总量的贡献也最大,这可能与源区木本植物的丰度及其分布有关;nC23的含量也较高,可能主要是来源于北半球沿海地区广泛分布的一类沉水植物。全新世期间,烷烃总量分别在7.8 ka B.P.,6.7 ka B.P.和5.4 ka B.P.经历了三次阶梯状的下降过程,呈现出四个相对稳定的阶段,可能主要受控于早全新世海平面上升以及源区气候环境和植被分布的变化。烷烃的分子组合特征各参数（如CPI、ACL以及nC31/nC27等）的变化则表明,烷烃主要来自陆生高等植物,且全新世期间植被结构较为稳定,木本植物占据优势。此外,在几个较短的时期内,烷烃总量及其分子组合特征等参数的变化具有同步性,表明在这些时期特殊的气候条件下,源区木本植物烷烃对烷烃总量的贡献率的增加可能低于草本植物烷烃和化石烷烃。 相似文献
7.
基于拓扑网络研究海州湾食物网结构与复杂性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对食物网结构与复杂性的研究有助于深入解析食物网的功能、营养动力和能量转化过程。本文根据2011年3?12月在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的5个航次的渔业资源底拖网调查资料以及胃含物分析数据，基于11个拓扑网络指数，构建了海州湾拓扑网络，研究海州湾食物网的结构与复杂性。结果表明，本文分析的海州湾食物网物种数S为93，连接数L为1 021，每个物种的相互作用数量L/S为10.98，连接性L/S2为0.12；顶级物种、中间物种、基础物种的比例分别为29%、69%和2%；食物网的杂食性指数为87%，连接复杂性指数SC为22.20，特征路径长度ChPath为2.11，聚类系数CC为0.23。通过每个物种的相互作用数量和连接性的研究显示，L/S和L/S2的值都处在正常范围内，所以海州湾食物网的复杂性仍保持较高水平。通过物种比例、杂食性指数、连接复杂性指数、特征路径长度、聚类系数对食物网结构分析，发现海州湾食物网结构处于稳定状态，能够在一定程度上抵御外界环境的扰动，保证生态系统功能的正常运行。通过对海州湾食物网结构与复杂性的研究，将为今后海州湾食物网功能的深入研究以及海州湾渔业资源的科学管理提供重要依据。 相似文献
8.
Elemental (TOC, TN, C/N) and stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) compositions and n-alkane (nC16–38) concentrations were measured for Spartina alterniflora, a C4 marsh grass, Typha latifolia, a C3 marsh grass, and three sediment cores collected from middle and upper estuarine sites from the Plum Island salt marshes. Our results indicated that the organic matter preserved in the sediments was highly affected by the marsh plants that dominated the sampling sites. δ13C values of organic matter preserved in the upper fresh water site sediment were more negative (−23.0±0.3‰) as affected by the C3 plants than the values of organic matter preserved in the sediments of middle (−18.9±0.8‰) and mud flat sites (−19.4±0.1‰) as influenced mainly by the C4 marsh plants. The distribution of n-alkanes measured in all sediments showed similar patterns as those determined in the marsh grasses S. alterniflora and T. latifolia, and nC21 to nC33 long-chain n-alkanes were the major compounds determined in all sediment samples. The strong odd-to-even carbon numbered n-alkane predominance was found in all three sediments and nC29 was the most abundant homologue in all samples measured. Both δ13C compositions of organic matter and n-alkane distributions in these sediments indicate that the marsh plants could contribute significant amount of organic matter preserved in Plum Island salt marsh sediments. This suggests that salt marshes play an important role in the cycling of nutrients and organic carbon in the estuary and adjacent coastal waters. 相似文献
9.
旨在了解珠江口栖息的中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)、宽脊江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides)和点斑原海豚(Stenella attenuate)免疫相关基因MHC-I(Major Histocompatibility Complex)的多态性及其表达情况,以期为这3种鲸豚的保育工作提供基础资料。通过克隆测序的方法,首次证实MHC-I基因在这3种鲸豚体内表达。选择压力分析,表明MHC-I基因在这3种鲸豚中均受到强烈的正选择作用,提示其具有重要的免疫功能。3种鲸豚的MHC-I基因在系统发育树上相互混杂在一起,表明MHC-I基因存在跨物种多态性。结合选择压力分析和跨物种多态性,发现MHC-I基因受到平衡选择作用。珠江口3种鲸豚MHC-I基因多态性可能由平衡选择维持。 相似文献
10.
A.H. Cunha R.P. Santos A.P. Gaspar M.F. Bairros 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,64(4):636-644
This study documents long-term changes of a Zostera noltii landscape induced by a natural cyclic event in a coastal lagoon. The barrier-islands forming this system are very dynamic with drifting movements controlling ecological patterns and processes occurring in this area. Changes in the areal extent of the Z. noltii meadows were assessed using historical aerial photographs from 1940, 1980, 1989, 1996 and 1998. Landscape indices such as total patch area (TA), mean patch size (MPS), number of patches (NP), mean shape coefficient of variation (CV) and landscape fractal dimension (D) were calculated for each year and related to an index of disturbance intensity. The spatial distribution of the Z. noltii meadows varied greatly during the studied period and changes observed were related to the disturbance created by the barrier-islands' spatial dynamics. After an artificial inlet relocation the Z. noltii area, number of patches, patch mean size and coefficient of variation decreased. The fractal dimension of the Z. noltii landscape increased by 50% showing that besides a decrease in total area, number of patches, and patch mean area, patch fragmentation was an important consequence of this anthropogenic disturbance.Seagrass natural distribution patterns changed in response to natural and human-induced activities. This study emphasizes the importance of the landscape approach and the historical perspective when studying seagrass changes and the importance of taking into consideration long-term changes in seagrass landscapes to avoid confusion between man-induced effects with natural cyclic events. 相似文献