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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(1)
为研究虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)体内土腥味物质的分布规律及其与养殖水质的关系,本文比较了不同规格虹鳟以及虹鳟不同组织中的二甲基异茨醇(2-methylisoborneol,MIB)和土臭素(Geosmin,GSM)含量;比较了养殖虹鳟、大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)和银鲑(O.kisutch)体内的MIB和GSM含量及其养殖环境的水质情况,分析了鱼体内MIB和GSM含量与水质的相关性。研究表明,虹鳟背肌中MIB和GSM含量随鱼体规格增大而升高;虹鳟肝脏中MIB和GSM含量显著高于背肌和鱼皮(P0.05),鱼皮中MIB和GSM含量最低。相关性分析显示,鱼体内MIB含量与水温、pH呈显著正相关(P0.05),GSM含量与氨氮、溶解性活性磷及总磷显著正相关(P0.05)。研究结果表明,虹鳟体内土腥味物质的分布因鱼体规格和组织不同而异,鱼体内的土腥味物质与水质有关。 相似文献
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采用放射性免疫(RIA)和组织学切片技术,系统地研究了虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)选育群体的血清性类固醇激素周年变化与性腺发育特点的关系,以及血清中性类固醇激素雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)在雌雄亲本中的周年变化规律和生理作用。结果表明,虹鳟性腺发育可划分为6期。雌鱼血清中E2在10月(V期性腺)达到峰值,T浓度在11月达到峰值,而进入繁殖期后(11—12月)E2开始下降。雄鱼血清T浓度在11月达到最大值,E2在6月份达到峰值,在11月之后T开始下降。在各月份,雌鱼E2浓度水平远高于雄鱼,而雄鱼T浓度个别月份低于雌鱼。这些研究揭示出,测定血清性类固醇激素浓度水平可用于准确判断鱼类的生殖状态,且可为虹鳟家系选育出早熟亲本群体提供重要技术依据。 相似文献
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虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼对温度的耐受性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用黄海冷水团进行鲑鳟鱼类养殖,养殖种类的选择极其重要。本实验分别选取了体重2～120g陆封型虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和洄游型硬头鳟(O.mykiss),以14℃为起始水温,以1℃/24h的速率分别升温和降温,从而获得两类鱼的高温临界温度和低温停食温度。研究显示,虹鳟和硬头鳟的高温临界温度和低温停食温度受其生态类型、体重及二者交互作用的影响显著;虹鳟和硬头鳟的高温临界温度和停食温度均在体重2g时最高,并随体重增加逐渐降低;虹鳟的最高临界温度显著高于硬头鳟,而停食温度显著低于硬头鳟。研究结果表明,虹鳟与硬头鳟的温度耐受范围重叠,但前者的温度耐受范围宽于后者。 相似文献
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为比较研究不同盐度下虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和硬头鳟(O.mykiss)幼鱼的消化和抗氧化能力的差异,在7个盐度(0、5、10、15、20、25和30,分别以S0、S5、S10、S15、S20、S25和S30表示)下饲养虹鳟(3.55g)和硬头鳟(3.57g)幼鱼各40d,分析其肠、胃消化酶和肝脏抗氧化酶活性。每个处理组3个重复,每个重复放养8尾鱼。实验用水由自然海水和淡水调配而成,以升盐率1～2d-1升至设置盐度后稳定7d进行实验。研究显示:虹鳟和硬头鳟的肠淀粉酶、肠脂肪酶、肠胰蛋白酶、胃淀粉酶和胃蛋白酶活性分别在S5和S10组达到峰值,且显著高于其它组。在S5组,虹鳟的肠、胃消化酶活性均显著高于硬头鳟,在S10组,硬头鳟的肠、胃消化酶活性均显著高于虹鳟。虹鳟和硬头鳟的肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量在S5或S10组达到峰值;在S25和S30组,硬头鳟的肝脏SOD、CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性和MDA含量显著高于虹鳟。研究结果表明,虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼分别在盐度5和10时消化能力最好,在高盐度(25～30)下硬头鳟幼鱼的消化和抗氧化能力优于虹鳟。 相似文献
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2016年6月,江苏某异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养殖场暴发一种传染性急性出血病,造成养殖银鲫大量死亡。为分析此次疾病病因及流行规律,本研究从发病养殖场采集患出血病的异育银鲫,从细菌、病毒及寄生虫三个方面对病原进行了分析。采用病原菌分离、组织病理学观察、超薄切片电镜观察、病毒核酸分析、回感实验等对病原进行鉴定。结果显示从发病鲫鱼体内分离到病毒一株,未发现寄生虫及细菌感染。经测序及序列分析,该病毒为鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus2,CyHV-2)病毒,组织病理学观察结果显示患病鱼的鳃和肾脏有明显病变,电镜下可观察到病鱼脾脏组织有带囊膜的球形病毒,囊膜直径约为170—200nm,病毒衣壳直径约为110—120nm,核心直径约为60nm,用组织匀浆感染鲫鱼囊胚细胞系(CGB)可稳定地观察到典型的细胞病变,用患病鱼组织匀浆液人工感染异育银鲫的死亡率高达100%,荧光定量PCR检测到该病毒可感染多器官,其中以脾脏中病毒含量最高,其次是脑,肝脏中最少。本研究可为CyHV-2的诊断防控及疫苗研制提供资料。 相似文献
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微管构成纺锤体主要架构,在染色体配对与分离过程起重要作用。通过β-tubulin基因克隆,实时荧光定量, Western blot及免疫组织化学技术对三倍体虹鳟卵巢败育根本原因进行探究。结果表明β-tubulin基因开放阅读框1 533 bp,编码424个氨基酸。β-Tubulin蛋白质的相对分子量为47.5 kDa。虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)与银大马哈鱼(O. kisutch)同源性高达99.59%。系统发育进化树显示,虹鳟与大鳞大马哈鱼(O. tshawytscha)和红点鲑(Salvelinus alpinus)聚为一支。实时定量检测发现β-tubulin基因在二倍体雌性虹鳟卵巢表达量极显著高于其他组织。在240—330 dpf同一发育阶段中,β-tubulin基因在二倍体雌性虹鳟卵巢中的表达量较三倍体雌性虹鳟相对较高,且均存在极显著差异。免疫组化结果显示,240—330dpf,β-Tubulin蛋白主要在二倍体虹鳟卵母细胞核内表达,在三倍体虹鳟卵原细胞核内表达量较少。推测三倍体虹鳟性腺败育可能与β-tubulin基因的低表达与组织异常定位有关,结果为进一步揭示三倍体虹鳟卵母细胞减数分裂受阻提供基础理论。 相似文献
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尽管与性别决定和分化的相关基因在二倍体虹鳟中已被鉴定出来,如Cyp19a1a、Foxl2、Dmrt1、Amh和Sox9,但关于三倍体雌性虹鳟独特性腺表型及其相关性别控制基因的表达规律仍未得到深入研究,尤其是早期卵巢发育阻滞导致的生殖细胞去分化特征。因此,本研究以三倍体雌性虹鳟性腺发育中起重要调控作用的特异候选基因作为重点研究对象,辅助性腺体细胞与生殖细胞分化方向的组织学证据和类固醇激素表达规律,验证了各基因间的级联调控关系。结果表明,虹鳟三倍体与二倍体卵巢的分化特征基本一致。虹鳟二倍体与三倍体性腺分别在84dpf和98dpf就已分化为卵巢。但三倍体虹鳟卵巢分化存在障碍,早期发育停滞,卵原细胞及其滤泡细胞数量有限。Foxl2和Cyp19a1a在二倍体虹鳟卵巢和精巢中均有表达,它们在卵巢中表达量均呈逐渐升高趋势,但在精巢中的表达量非常低;这两个基因在雌性三倍体虹鳟性腺中的表达呈先升高后降低的趋势,其表达量均在8月龄时期达到最大。Dmrt1、Amh和Sox9在二倍体精巢和雌性三倍体卵巢中的表达均呈不断上调趋势,这些基因上调可能与血清睾酮含量的增加相关,因为在10月龄时期这两种鱼的血清含量相对较高,而这三个基因在二倍体虹鳟卵巢中的表达却呈下调趋势。因此本研究认为,维持鱼类卵巢分化需要持续高水平的雌激素,这可能是脊椎动物进化过程中的一个保守特征。可以推断雌性三倍体虹鳟卵巢滞育将导致其体细胞去分化,这对于Cyp19a1a表达及雌二醇合成存在抑制作用。因为这些雌激素是用来维持它们分化和继续发育的,可能产生一个负反馈圈,之后去分化会增强。 相似文献
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为探究二倍体和三倍体虹鳟(Onchorynchus mykiss)在血液生理学方面是否存在一定差异,本文以虹鳟为实验对象,采用流式细胞仪对虹鳟进行倍性鉴定,对三倍体和二倍体虹鳟的红细胞胞体和红细胞核大小进行测量,测定部分血液学指标,并进行比较分析。研究显示,三倍体虹鳟红细胞及核的长轴、短轴、面积、体积均极显著大于二倍体(P0.01);三倍体虹鳟血液中的红细胞数目(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)极显著低于二倍体(P0.01),而白细胞数目(WBC)显著高于二倍体(P0.05);三倍体虹鳟血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、葡萄糖(GLU)浓度显著低于二倍体(P0.05),谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总蛋白(TP)含量与二倍体差异不显著(P0.05);三倍体和二倍体虹鳟血清渗透压无显著性差异(P0.05);研究结果显示,在不同倍性的虹鳟中,其红细胞大小及部分血液生理生化指标受倍性影响显著。 相似文献
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为了确定鱼类神经坏死病毒对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)仔鱼的致病性,本研究通过肌肉注射、浸泡和共浴3种途径分别感染军曹鱼仔鱼,观察了由其导致的发病死亡情况和病理学变化。结果表明,3种感染途径都能造成军曹鱼仔鱼出现厌食、体色发黑和螺旋游泳等典型的病毒性神经坏死症症状,累计死亡率分别达到78%、44%和34%。肌肉注射18h后,利用RT-PCR方法在鱼的脑、眼、脊髓中均可检测到该病毒。患病鱼的脑、视网膜、脊髓等组织发生空泡化,与其他鱼类感染该病毒发生的变化一致。因此,军曹鱼仔鱼是鱼类诺达病毒的易感种群之一,病毒能通过水平传播感染军曹鱼仔鱼。 相似文献
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Christer Erséus 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):557-561
We characterised seasonal and ontogenetic changes in diet and prey energy density of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand, to better understand the prey requirements of trout in central North Island lakes. Common smelt (Retropinna retropinna) was the dominant prey item of rainbow trout larger than 200 mm (77.8% of diet by weight), followed by kōura (freshwater crayfish Paranephrops planifrons; 6.3%), common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus; 5.5%), and kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis; 3.4%). Juvenile rainbow trout (<200 mm) consumed amphipods, aquatic and terrestrial insects, oligochaetes, tanaid shrimps, and smelt. Trout consumed kōaro only in autumn and winter; consumption of other species did not vary seasonally. The maximum size of smelt consumed increased with increasing trout size, but trout continued to consume small smelt even as large adults. Consumption of larger prey items (kōaro and kōura) also increased with increasing trout size. This study indicates the importance of smelt for sustaining rainbow trout populations, as predation on other species was relatively low. These findings provide a basis for bioenergetic modelling of rainbow trout populations in lakes of the central North Island of New Zealand. 相似文献
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几种鲑鳟鱼血清蛋白非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳的方法分析了硬头鳟、金鳟、虹鳟、北极红点鲑和溪红点鲑血清蛋白的组成成分及其含量。结果显示, 硬头鳟、金鳟和虹鳟三者之间的遗传距离最小, 硬头鳟、金鳟和虹鳟三者与溪红点鲑的遗传距离最大; 硬头鳟、金鳟和虹鳟三者与北极红点鲑处于同一亚组, 而溪红点鲑独处于另一亚组。研究结果表明硬头鳟、金鳟和虹鳟三者与溪红点鲑的亲缘关系远于与北极红点鲑的关系; 同时还表明, 以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析鲑鳟鱼血清蛋白的方法简单易行、重复性好。本研究结果对鲑鳟鱼的种属鉴定、良种选育、品种改良和遗传结构分析提供了试验依据; 虹鳟的繁养殖需进一步规范化和标准化, 减少蛋白遗传基因的流失, 从根本上预防大规模疾病的暴发。 相似文献
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This study examined the diet of sympatric populations of migratory juvenile rainbow trout and landlocked koaro in the Waipehi and Omori Streams, Lake Taupo, New Zealand. In both species, diet was dominated, both numerically and by weight, by aquatic prey: Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Diptera larvae were the most numerous prey items. Adult koaro and juvenile rainbow trout both fed on small koaro. Terrestrial prey items were present in low numbers in the diets of both koaro and juvenile rainbow trout, but were more important in terms of weight. Resource partitioning was weak although koaro consumed more small benthic invertebrates such as chironomid larvae, whereas the diet of rainbow trout contained more Ephemeroptera larvae and terrestrial insects. In the Waipehi Stream, koaro consumed both rainbow trout ova and koaro ova; in Omori Stream, trout ova were important in the diet of juvenile rainbow trout. Since the diets of koaro and juvenile rainbow trout in some Taupo tributaries are similar, populations may co‐exist by temporal and/or spatial partitioning of food resources, whereas trout predation on small koaro may be a limiting factor for koaro populations. 相似文献
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本文研究了不同盐度驯化方式下虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss,(99.44±0.26)g(简写为99 g))和两种规格硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss,(99.01±0.61)g(简写为99 g)和(394.50±1.16)g(简写为395 g))的血清抗氧化酶活性变化。实验设置4种盐度驯化方式:淡水对照组(T0组);从淡水直接过渡到盐度30(T30组);从淡水直接过渡至盐度14,然后以升盐速度2/d(T2组)和6/d(T6组)至盐度30。盐度驯化结果显示:99 g硬头鳟和虹鳟血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均受盐度驯化方式、时间及其交互作用影响显著。T30组99 g虹鳟和99 g硬头鳟的SOD、GSH-Px和MDA活性在0.5、1、4、8、15和40 d这6个取样点均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。盐度驯化40 d后,T2组99 g虹鳟SOD活性、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量与对照组无显著差异,99 g硬头鳟GSH-Px活性与对照组无显著差异,T6组99 g虹鳟和99 g硬头鳟的SOD和GSH-Px活性显著高于对照组。T2组395 g硬头鳟SOD活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和MDA含量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),而T6和T30组395 g硬头鳟血清中SOD活性、CAT活性、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,T2组渐变盐度方式更适合虹鳟和硬头鳟盐度驯化,395 g硬头鳟对盐度驯化的适应能力优于99 g硬头鳟。 相似文献
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Effects of cadmium exposure on plasma levels of calcitonin and free and protein-bound calcium were studied in vitellogenic female rainbow trout kept in brackish water (7%(.)). Fish were exposed to 100 μg cadmium litre−1 for four weeks. Exposure of female rainbow trout in the stage of vitellogenesis, with increased total plasma levels of calcium, resulted in a complex hypocalcemic response. Thus, hypocalcemia was found to be due to three different processes: (1) a decrease in the free plasma calcium, and a reduction in protein-bound calcium; due both to (2) decreased plasma levels of vitellogenin; and (3) a reduced binding of calcium to vitellogenin. These findings support the concept of an interference of cadmium with ionregulating tissues as a mechanism for hypocalcemia in rainbow trout. A direct effect on the vitellogenin-binding of calcium was also observed and reproductive function in the females was affected by decreased plasma levels of vitellogenin. In spite of the marked changes of plasma calcium in exposed fish, no significant effects on plasma calcitonin were observed, indicating a lack of a direct relationship between plasma calcium and calcitonin levels in rainbow trout. 相似文献
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Expression of flavin-containing monooxygenase(s) (FMO) correlates with salinity exposure in certain species of euryhaline fish, such as the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The mechanism(s) by which salinity regulates FMO is unclear. Adult rainbow trout were infused through the dorsal aorta with either cortisol or urea. At 500 ng/ml, cortisol caused a significant increase in FMO-catalyzed thiourea oxidase activity in gill and liver microsomes. FMOI expression, however, was significantly increased by the high cortisol dose only in gill microsomes. The levels of TMAO and urea were not altered by cortisol. In the liver, urea infusion caused an increase in hepatic FMO activity. FMO expression and activity correlated with elevated tissue urea levels, but TMAO concentrations were not related. These results indicate that FMO expression and activity may be partially controlled by the osmoregulatory/stress hormone. cortisol, and concentrations of the organic osmolyte, urea, in the rainbow trout. 相似文献
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We exposed sexually maturing male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to BDE-47 (a polybrominated diphenyl ether) and female rainbow trout to trenbolone (an anabolic steroid). Male trout were orally exposed for 17 days to 55 microg/kg/day BDE-47 and female trout continuously exposed for 60-77 days to a measured trenbolone water concentration of 35 ng/L. After the exposure, eggs and semen were collected and in vitro fertilization trials performed using a sperm:egg ratio of 300,000:1. In the BDE-47 study, eggs from control females were fertilized with semen from exposed males, while in the trenbolone study, eggs from exposed females were fertilized with semen from control males. All treatments were evaluated at two-three early developmental time-points representing first cleavage (0.5 day), embryonic keel (9 days), and eyed stages (19 days), respectively. The results indicated that BDE-47 exposure did not alter fertility as embryonic survival was similar between control and exposed groups. Trenbolone exposure also did not alter embryo survival. However, in the embryos fertilized with eggs from trenbolone exposed females, a noticeable delay in developmental progress was observed. On day 19 when eye development is normally complete, the majority of the embryos either lacked eyes or displayed under-developed eyes, in contrast to control embryos. This finding suggests steroidal androgen exposure in sexually maturing female rainbow trout can impact developmental timing of F1 offspring. 相似文献
20.
The effects of isosafrol (ISF) or β-naphthoflavone (βNF) treatments on cytochrome P450 (P450) levels in rainbow trout liver were investigated using immunochemical and catalytic techniques. The discrepancies in catalytic activities and ELISA quantification of rainbow trout P4501A1 protein levels between ISF- and βNF-treated fish indicate that important differences exist between the responses induced by βNF and ISF treatments in the rainbow trout liver. 相似文献