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羊栖菜属于褐藻门,马尾藻科,俗称假鹿角尖、黑菜。藻体黄褐色,干后呈黑色,株高12～40厘米,最长达1～2米。固着器为圆柱形的假根,主干直立,圆柱形叶。生长在低潮线附近和低潮线以下岩礁上,喜生活在水清流大的外海区,是多年生藻类。 羊栖菜是一种食用海藻,我国南北各地人民都喜欢食用,日本人最喜欢这种菜。制成品主要有两种,即素干羊栖菜和煮干羊栖菜。在 相似文献
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干出对潮间带不同垂直位置海藻的生长及光合作用速率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了青岛潮间带地区的4种海藻:叉枝藻(Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harvey,高潮带)、孔石莼(Ulva pertusa kjellm,中潮带)、缘管浒苔(Enteromorpha linza(L.)J.Agar-dh,中潮带)和扁江蓠(Gracilaria textorii(Suring)De Toni,低潮带)在干出状态下的脱水率及每天干出0、0.5、1、2、4和6h下的生长和光合作用。结果表明:干出状态下缘管浒苔的脱水率最小,因为它具中空管状构造;其余3种海藻的脱水率依次为扁江蓠>孔石莼>叉枝藻,但三者差异不大。与水中对照(0h)相比,高潮带的叉枝藻在不同干出处理下的生长和光合作用速率下降(P<0.05)。中潮带的孔石莼在一定干出时间内促进其生长和光合作用(P<0.05),缘管浒苔则未见显著的促进作用。低潮带的扁江蓠在干出处理下几乎不能生长和存活。 相似文献
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为探讨经济褐藻羊栖菜人工幼苗对阳光紫外辐射变化的响应,在全波段阳光辐射省(PAB,280～700nm)、去除UV-B辐射(PA,320～700nm)和光合有效辐射PAR(P,400～700nm)三种辐射处理及不同辐射水平下培养羊栖菜幼苗,并测定了其生长与光合作用的变化。结果表明,无论在紫外辐射(UVR)存在情况下(PA,PAB)还是滤除UVR(PAR)时,高辐射水平条件下(55%),羊栖菜幼苗都具有较高的生长速率,而低辐射水平下羊栖菜的生长速率较低。在不同辐射处理之间,随着辐射水平的增高,UVR的抑制效应逐渐突显。UVR降低羊栖菜幼苗的光合电子传递速率。 相似文献
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分别在27℃和32℃高温条件下培养羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme), 以在22℃培养条件下生长的羊栖菜作为对照, 在培养的第0、1、3、5和7天分别取气囊样品, 采用植物生理学试验方法探讨高温胁迫对羊栖菜细胞膜损伤、渗透调节和抗氧化保护的影响。结果表明: 1) 高温胁迫导致羊栖菜细胞的相对电导率提高和丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度增加, 膜系统受到了损伤, 造成体内离子外渗、细胞膜脂发生过氧化; 2) 细胞内积累了可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸等渗透调节物质并且胁迫组始终高于对照组, 其中可溶性蛋白在胁迫第7天时达到最大值(11.4μg·mg-1), 而可溶性糖和脯氨酸均呈现先升高后降低的趋势, 分别在高温培养的第3天和第5天时达到最大值; 3) 受到高温胁迫后, 羊栖菜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)比活性增强, 而过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)比活性在高温胁迫过程中呈现下降的趋势, 说明羊栖菜主要通过抗氧化酶SOD比活性增强来降低胁迫对藻体带来的伤害。总之, 羊栖菜对高温胁迫比较敏感, 温度越高, 培养时间越长, 羊栖菜受到的伤害越大。 相似文献
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采用实验室生态学研究方法,进行了藻体部位、藻质量、碳源质量浓度及水流流速对铁钉菜(Ishige foliaceaokamurai)和羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)氮磷营养盐吸收影响的研究。结果表明:2种大型海藻不同部位对营养盐的吸收速率不同,铁钉菜下部的吸收速率最大,其次是固着器;羊栖菜顶部的吸收速率最大,其次是中部。铁钉菜藻质量1.0g的吸收速率最大,其次是1.5g;羊栖菜藻质量0.5 g的吸收速率最大,其次是1.0g;2种藻类2.0g和2.5g的吸收速率相差不多。碳源质量浓度为1200mg/L时,铁钉菜的吸收速率最大,其次是碳源800mg/L;碳源质量浓度为800mg/L时,羊栖菜的吸收速率最大,其次是碳源400mg/L;2种海藻对照组的吸收速率均相对较低。相同流速下,2种海藻均以PO4-P对照组的吸收速率最大;NO3-N、NH4-N吸收速率在流速为50cm/s时最大。 相似文献
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二氧化碳和阳光紫外辐射对龙须菜生长和光合生理的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探讨太阳紫外辐射(UVR,280～400 nm)和CO2浓度变化对大型海藻的复合效应,选择了常见的经济海藻龙须菜(Gracilarialemaneiformis)为实验材料,研究了UVR(阳光紫外辐射)和CO2对其生长、光合作用、色素以及紫外吸收物质含量变化的复合作用。实验设置两个CO2梯度(380×10-6和800×10-6)和三种太阳辐射处理(PAB处理——全波长辐射处理,PA辐射处理——滤掉紫外线B和P处理——滤掉全部紫外线)。结果表明,CO2加富(800×10-6)显著地促进了龙须菜的生长,而UVR则产生抑制作用,但两者之间复合作用不显著。UVR促进了藻体的紫外吸收物质的合成,而且在高浓度CO2下经PAB辐射处理的含量要显著高于正常CO2浓度水平下的,这表明高浓度CO2促进了紫外吸收物质的合成。在光合作用受限制的低PAR条件下,紫外线A(UV-A)促进其光合作用,但高浓度CO2却抑制了藻体的光合作用速率。在正常浓度CO2水平下生长的藻体,UVR显著降低其光合作用能力,但是在高浓度CO2下生长的藻体,UVR这种负面效应不显著。UVR显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,高浓度CO2在P和PA辐射处理下也显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,但在PAB辐射处理下却呈现相反的结果。高浓度CO2下生长的藻体通过增加体内紫外吸收物质的含量来维持较高浓度的藻红蛋白含量,增强了其抵御UVR的能力。 相似文献
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不同N水平条件下羊栖菜对阳光辐射的响应 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
探讨了太阳紫外辐射对两种 N 水平条件下羊栖菜藻体光化学特性的影响及其恢复.结果显示,在高的光辐射下羊栖菜藻体的有效光化学效率和相对电子传递速率急剧下降,两种 N 水平条件下藻体的光化学活性下降趋势一致;在全波长太阳辐射条件 ( 即高的光辐射和紫外辐射同时存在 ) 下它们的下降幅度更大,而 N 加富条件下羊栖菜藻体的相对电子传递速率要高于对照 N 水平下生长的藻体,表明 N 加富的生长条件使得藻体具有更高抵御紫外辐射的能力,这可能是与 N 加富生长条件下的藻体中含有较高含量的紫外吸收物质和类胡萝卜素有关.在低光恢复过程中,全波长辐射处理藻体的有效光化学效率比可见光辐射处理藻体的恢复要慢 ( 分别为 6 h 和 3 h 可恢复到起始水平 );而相对电子传递速率的恢复能力则比有效光化学效率的恢复能力更弱,需要 24 h 或者更长的时间. 相似文献
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采用筏式吊养的大型经济海藻坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)在栽培生长期间, 常周期性地处于干出状态。本文通过测定不同水膜状态下坛紫菜的叶绿素荧光动力学相关系数, 探讨了干出状态下坛紫菜叶状体表面水膜的理化特性与失水对其光合作用光化学特性的影响。实验数据显示, 干出初始状态下, 叶状体表面水膜pH值的升高对坛紫菜的最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、光化学淬灭系数qP、非光化学淬灭系数NPQ、最大相对电子传递速率ETRm和光能利用效率α均无显著性影响。当坛紫菜叶状体表面水膜盐度为0~75‰时, Fv/Fm、qP、NPQ、ETRm和α均保持稳定; 当叶状体表面水膜盐度增加到75‰~150‰时, Fv/Fm、NPQ、α和ETRm则显著下降, 较盐度为33‰时分别下降了66%、84%、70%和60%, 表明覆盖高盐度水膜的叶状体PSⅡ反应中心活性受到抑制。坛紫菜叶状体在失水初期的光合活性不受影响, 当叶状体表面水膜厚度降到0后, 叶状体细胞内部开始失水, 光合活性也显著下降。严重脱水状态(失水率为75%)下, Fv/Fm、NPQ、α和ETRm较失水初期分别下降了41%、69%、38%和43%。这些研究结果表明, 坛紫菜叶状体在干出失水初期, 水分损失是由于表面水膜损失引起的, 水膜厚度随着失水率的增加呈线性下降, 表面水膜厚度的下降影响了藻体的热耗散能力; 随着失水率进一步增加, 叶状体的光合活性和热耗散能力受到不利影响, 其中热耗散能力对叶状体含水量的变化更为敏感。 相似文献
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Intertidal marine macroalgae experience periodical exposures during low tide due to their zonational distribution. The duration of such emersion leads to different exposures of the plants to light and aerial CO2, which then affect the physiology of them to different extents.The ecophysiological responses to light and CO2 were investigated during emersion in two red algae Gloiopeltis furcata and Gigartina interrnedia, and two brown algae Petaloniafascia and Sargassum hemiphyllum, growing along the Shantou coast of China. The light-saturated net photosynthesis in G. furcata and P. fascia showed an increase followed by slightly desiccation, whereas that in G.interrnedia and S. hemiphyllum exhibited a continuous decrease with water loss. In addition, the upper-zonated G. furcata and P. fascia,exhibited higher photosynthetic tolerance to desiccation and required higher light level to saturate their photosynthesis than the lower-zonated G. interrnedia and S. hemiphyllum. Desiccation had less effect on dark respiration in these four algae compared with photosynthesis. The light-saturated net photosynthesis increased with increased CO2 concentrations, being saturated at CO2 concentrations higher than the present atmospheric level in G. furcata, G. intermedia and S. hemiphyllum during emersion. It was evident that the relative enhancement of photosynthesis by elevated CO2 in those three algae increased, though the absolute values of photosynthetic enhancement owing to CO2 increase were reduced when the desiccation statuses became more severe. However, in the case of desiccated P. fascia (water loss being greater than 20 %), light saturated net photosynthesis was saturated with current ambient atmospheric CO2 level. It is proposed that increasing atmospheric CO2 will enhance the daily photosynthetic production in intertidal macroalgae by varied extents that were related to the species and zonation. 相似文献
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In this study, a three-way factorial experimental design was used to investigate the diurnal changes of photosynthetic activity of the intertidal macroalga Sargassum thunbergii in response to temperature, tidal pattern and desiccation during a simulated diurnal light cycle. The maximum (Fv/Fm) and effective (ΦPSII) quantum yields of photosystem II (PSII) were estimated by chlorophyll fluorescence using a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Results showed that this species exhibited sun-adapted characteristics, as evidenced by the daily variation of Fv/Fm and ΦPSII. Both yield values decreased with increasing irradiance towards noon and recovered rapidly in the afternoon suggesting a dynamic photoinhibition. The photosynthetic quantum yield of S. thunbergii thalli varied significantly with temperature, tidal pattern and desiccation. Thalli were more susceptible to light-induced damage at high temperature of 25 °C and showed complete recovery of photosynthetic activity only when exposed to 8 °C. In contrast with the mid-morning low tide period, although there was an initial increase in photosynthetic yield during emersion, thalli showed a greater degree of decline at the end of emersion and remained less able to recover when low tide occurred at mid-afternoon. Short-term air exposure of 2 h did not significantly influence the photosynthesis. However, when exposed to moderate conditions (4 h desiccation at 15 °C or 6 h desiccation at 8 °C), a significant inhibition of photosynthesis was followed by partial or complete recovery upon re-immersion in late afternoon. Only extreme conditions (4 h desiccation at 25 °C or 6 h desiccation at 15 °C or 25 °C) resulted in the complete inhibition, with little indication of recovery until the following morning, implying the occurrence of chronic PSII damage. Based on the magnitude of effect, desiccation was the predominant negative factor affecting the photosynthesis under the simulated daytime irradiance period. These results may explain the distribution pattern of this species in natural habitats, where it is generally restricted to tide pools in the intertidal zone of wave-swept rocky shores which could provide shelter from desiccation stress during low tide. 相似文献
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Dark respiration (non-photorespiratory mitochondrial respiration),which occurs both in the light and in darkness,is vital for growth and survival of algae and plays a critical role in modulating the carbon balance of them.In the present study,we have investigated dark respiration in the light (R L) and in darkness (R D) in three marine macroalgal species,Hizikia fusiformis (phaeophyta),Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta),cultured at 20℃ using aeration with two CO 2 conditions:current ambient (CO 2 concentration about 380 μl/L) and elevated CO 2 (approximately 720 μl/L) air.R L was estimated by using the Kok method,whereas R D was determined as the rate of O 2 influx at zero light.The results showed that both R L and R D were unchanged for the elevated CO 2-grown algae relative to ambient CO 2 concentration for all the algal species tested.However,R L was significantly lower than R D across all the algal species and growth CO 2 treatments,demonstrating that daytime respiration was partly depressed by the light.The percentage of inhibition of respiration by light was similar between ambient and elevated CO 2 grown algae.The ratio of respiration to photosynthesis,which tended to decrease when estimated using R L instead of R D,was not altered for the elevated relative to ambient CO 2 concentration.The results suggest that R L,rather than R D,is a more accurate estimate of nonphotorespiratory carbon loss in marine macroalgae during the daytime.It would not be anticipated that elevated atmospheric CO 2 would exert a substantial influence on respiratory flux either in the light or in darkness in these particular marine macroalgal species. 相似文献
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Abstract. The Adriatic brown macroalga Fucus virsoides (DON.) J. Ac (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) was investigated with particular respect to basic physiological features such as photosynthesis, dark carbon fixation, and respiration. Values obtained are expressed in various reference systems. Chemical composition of the fronds and physiological activity (photosynthesis/dark fixation along with the respective carboxytating enzymes (ribulose-1,5-bisphophate carboxylase and phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase) show longitudinal profiles. Temperature characteristics of photosynthesis in long-term adapted specimens indicate reduced productivity at temperatures exceeding 20 °C. Photosynthesis during atmospheric exposure is markedly increased under moderate desiccation. Photosynthetic rates steadily decline under reduced salinity of the incubation medium, while respiration is stimulated. Net primary productivity of a F. virsoides stand at 15 °C ambient average temperature, tidal exposure for maximally 2–3 hours and light-dark regime = 12: 12 is calculated as 4.8-5.4 g C m-2 d-1. Culture experiments with polluted incubation media provide evidence that excessive nutrients including nitrate and phosphate as well as high concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Co, Mn) cause severe growth-rate reduction which may account for the steady decrease of F. virsoides in its natural habitat. The results are discussed with emphasis on the autecology of F. virsoides and its relationships to Atlantic representatives of the genus. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):283-295
Phytoplankton production and physiology were investigated at six selected locations during a research cruise in early October 2007 in Tanzanian coastal waters. The dataset included photosynthesis– irradiance and active fluorescence parameters, phytoplankton absorption coefficients, and pigment concentrations. Primary production was estimated to vary over the range 0.79–1.89 g C m?2 d?1. Diagnostic pigments indicated that micro–nanophytoplankton comprised the communities at three stations and nano–picoplankton at the other three stations. At all stations, the populations maximised their photosynthesis in the upper water column under elevated irradiance and low nutrient conditions. Significant photosynthetic activity was also observed at depth under very low light where the communities increased their quantum yield of photochemistry and the proportion of accessory chlorophylls b and c and photosynthetic carotenoids. 相似文献
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Masayuki Takahashi Sooji Shimura Yukuya Yamaguchi Yoshihiko Fujita 《Journal of Oceanography》1971,27(2):43-50
The photo-inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis at higher intensities was examined with a cultured marine diatom,Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and natural samples. The question was to determine whether photo-inhibition results from excretion of photosynthetic products from cell or from an actual decrease in photosynthetic rate.
P. tricornutum cultured at 15 klux showed very little photo-inhibition up to 70 klux, and, in the sample cultured at 1 klux, most marked photo-inhibition was observed in 3 hours experiment. Extracellular release was less than 30% of particulate fixation, and did not show any extreme increase to supplement photosynthesis depression at higher light intensities. When the photosynthesis was measured during 10 minutes, both samples showed no photo-inhibition. The photosynthesis by low light sample lost the linearity of time-course with prolonged exposure at high light intensity. Observed photo-inhibition, therefore, we explained with the actual decrease in photosynthetic rate. Similar photo-inhibition could be seen in marine phytoplankton samples concentrated by filtration. 相似文献
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Ocean surface water [CO2(aq)] variations based on glacial/interglacial changes in sediment delta 13Corg are shown to compare favorably with reconstructions based on ice core [CO2]. In particular, an approximate 80 microatmospheres increase in atmospheric pCO2 during the last glacial-interglacial transition is calculated to correspond to a 3-4 micromolar increase in ocean surface water [CO2(aq)] at atmospheric equilibrium. A widespread marine delta 13Corg decrease of 1-2% accompanied this event and was not preceded by an equivalent isotopic change in surface water total dissolved inorganic carbon. These observations support the hypothesis that [CO2(aq)] influences photosynthetic isotope fractionation between marine inorganic and organic carbon pools, and therefore that plankton/sediment delta 13Corg may serve as a proxy for surface water [CO2(aq)]. 相似文献
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将人工养殖的坛紫菜叶状体及与其有生长竞争关系的5种大型杂藻——肠浒苔、条浒苔、孔石莼、真江蓠、水云以及卵形藻等进行干露和冷藏实验.结果表明,坛紫菜叶状体干露至含水率10%~15%后直接培养,其成活率在99%以上,增重率与未经干露组的相比无显著差异;大型杂藻干露后含水率低于25%时则全部死亡;坛紫菜叶状体含水率为10%~15%时,在低温-20℃冷藏30d后进行培养,成活率达99%~100%,当含水率低于10%时,其成活率低于30%;坛紫菜叶状体含水率高于或低于10%~15%时进行低温冷藏,均会影响其成活率及冷藏后培养时的藻体增重率;与坛紫菜叶状体冷藏相同天数的大型杂藻,其死亡率达到100%;干露和冷藏可以有效地杀死与坛紫菜叶状体有竞争关系的杂藻,并且可以应用于生产以提高坛紫菜产量. 相似文献