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1.
Phytoplankton physiologies are dynamic and have sensitive responses to the ambient environment. In this paper,we examine photosynthetic physiologies of phytoplankton communities with Phyto-PAM in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during the spring inter-monsoon. Environmental parameters were measured to investigate the coupling between phytoplankton photosynthetic physiologies and their habitats. During the cruise, the water column was highly stratified. The mixed layer extended to about 75 m and was characterized by high temperature(28°C) and low nutrient level. The F_v/F_m values and chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentrations were lower at the surface, as consequences of nutrient depletion and photo-inhibition. Subsurface Chl a maximum(SCM) occurred between 75 and 100 m, and had the highest F_v/F_m values. The formation of SCM was a balance between nutrient availability and light limitation. The SCM may contribute significantly to pelagic food web and primary production in the water column. Phytoplankton in different layers encountered different light, trophic and hydrographic dynamics and evolved distinct photosynthetic characteristics. Despite of co-limitation of nutrient limitation and photo-inhibition, phytoplankton in the surface layer showed their acclimation to high irradiance, had lower light utilization efficiencies(α: 0.061±0.032) and could exploit a wide range of light irradiance. Whereas, phytoplankton in the SCM layers presented the highest light utilization efficiencies(α:0.146±0.48), which guaranteed higher photosynthetic capacities under low light level. These results provide insights into phytoplankton photo-adaption strategies in this less explored region. 相似文献
2.
光能一方面驱动光合作用固定二氧化碳,另一方面当光能过剩就会对光合细胞产生氧化性损伤,甚至导致细胞死亡。硅藻等光合生物通过叶绿素荧光非光化学淬灭(NPQ)把过剩的光能转化为无害的热,达到保护细胞的目的。硅藻NPQ的诱导受硅甲藻黄素循环调节,并且与众多环境因子密切相关。作者通过对海洋环境的模拟,研究了不同光质下三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)受到的影响测定并比较了红、绿、蓝3种单色光处理的三角褐指藻响应高光胁迫时的NPQ及硅甲藻黄素循环的差异。叶绿素荧光的结果显示,在相同的胁迫性强光和胁迫时间内,蓝光下处理的三角褐指藻形成的NPQ更高,而且胁迫阶段淬灭的荧光在低光阶段恢复的更快。色素测定的结果显示,3种单色光下处理的三角褐指藻的硅甲藻黄素循环的环脱氧比(DEPS)与对照组没有显著差异。实验结果表明,蓝光对三角褐指藻响应高光、形成NPQ至关重要。 相似文献
3.
We examined the effect of solar ultraviolet radiation B (UVB, 280–315 nm) on photosynthesis of natural phytoplankton assemblages
in the temperate Changjiang River Estuary (CRE) in the East China Sea (ECS), and the subtropical Zhujiang River Estuary (ZRE)
in the South China Sea (SCS) from August 2002 to April 2003. The short-term effect of UVB was assessed by exposing samples
in quartz tubes/bottles to solar radiation under three treatments: (1) natural sunlight (NS) with UVB (NS-UVB); (2) photosynthetically
active radiation (PAR, NS cut off UVB); and (3) NS with additional artificial UVB (NS + A-UVB). Solar UVB apparently inhibited
phytoplankton photosynthesis rates. In the temperate CRE-ECS, solar UVB reduced surface phytoplankton photosynthesis by about
28% in August and February, while in the subtropical ZRE-SCS the inhibition was only 22% in September and October. In the
CRE-ECS, phytoplankton in the stratified water column displayed stronger UVB inhibition when deeper water samples were exposed
to surface UVB. Phytoplankton in the mixed water column did not show strong UVB inhibition, while light shift exposure of
deeper phytoplankton in the same water column to surface light produced similar results, indicating that mixing moderates
UVB effects. In the ZRE-SCS, surface phytoplankton showed greater photoinhibition in January (sunny). However, in April (cloudy),
phytoplankton showed little UVB inhibition. Incubation for a short time without UVB showed a large increase in Chl a at two stations in the ZRE-SCS, but a large decrease at the other station in the presence of UVB. In contrast, in the CRE-ECS,
a similar incubation experiment without UVB showed a decrease in Chl a, and small UVB inhibition of Chl a at two stations. Nutrient conditions might have played a role in the difference of UVB inhibition between the two regions
as the ZRESCS had relatively high concentrations of all nutrients while PO4 was only 0.21 μM at one of the CRE-ECS stations. The results suggest that phytoplankton in temperate waters would be more
responsive to variation of UVB than ones in subtropical waters. 相似文献
4.
Selective transmission of light in the ocean waters and its relation to phytoplankton photosynthesis
Occurrence of the depth differences in pigment composition and photosynthetic properties of marine phytoplankton were examined in relation to the spectral changes of light with depth. Phytoplankton were taken from various depths in the northwestern North Pacific, and their absorption spectra were determined with intact cells and in 90% acetone extract. The photosynthetic activities of phytoplankton were concurrently measured under blue, green, red and white light. The difference in absorption spectra for the surface and deeper samples was considerably small, indicating that the prevailing green or blue light in the deeper layers may have little significance for depth-variations of the pigment composition in marine phytoplankton. The depth differentiation in the shape of the light-photosynthesis curve was marked in a well stratified water column but no active response of deeper phytoplankton to green light could be confirmed. The photosynthetic efficiencies of phytoplankton for blue and green light were approximately 105–115 % and 80–90 % of white light, respectively, irrespective of sampling depth.Contribution No. 261 from Shimoda Marine Biological Station 相似文献
5.
硅藻岩藻黄素特性与其生物合成的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩藻黄素的化学结构包含丙二烯键、环氧基、以及共轭羰基和羟基,是一类珍稀类胡萝卜素。岩藻黄素能够和叶绿素a/c某些蛋白形成FCP复合物,存在于许多海洋藻类细胞的光合系统内,在光捕获和光传递方面起重要作用。此外,岩藻黄素在抗肥胖、抗炎、抗癌和抗氧化等方面的生理活性已经被证实。硅藻细胞是岩藻黄素的理想来源,三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)是硅藻的模式藻种。本文对三角褐指藻来源岩藻黄素的研究进展进行了评述,主要包括岩藻黄素的生理特性和功能、生物合成途径以及合成中的关键酶,影响其生物合成的环境条件等,并对其未来研究进行了展望。 相似文献
6.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1999,46(11-12):2433-2446
Measurements of Lagrangian trajectories acquired with neutrally buoyant floats in an upper ocean mixing layer during a five-day period of nearly cloudless and calm conditions, provide an opportunity for investigating the implications of photo-adaptation of phytoplankton exposed to varying light intensities as they traverse the water column in convective plumes. The predominant convective motions develop over night and persist through the morning until giving way to thermal restratification. Despite the paucity of observed trajectories, their essential characteristics are extracted and used to generate a large number of pseudo-tracks having characteristics similar to those measured at any given depth and time of day. A Monte Carlo simulation is run for a sample set of biological variables to identify predominant features of the production. For each pseudo-trajectory the production is calculated from a photo-adaptive model in order to identify primary features of the instantaneous and accumulated production. The simulation illustrates the way in which photo-inhibition can reduce production near the surface during the morning, developing a subsurface layer of increased production that progressively deepens to approximately 12 m at noon. The surface production is suppressed during the afternoon, but subsequently recovers as light levels drop below the photo-inhibition threshold. 相似文献
7.
为研究不同盐度、温度及光照对漂浮浒苔生理生态的影响,我们将实验室内培养的浒苔置于不同盐度、不同温度及不同光照强度条件下培养,测定藻体光合参数。不同盐度条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,在盐度为0的条件下,浒苔样品实际量子效率Fv/Fm快速降低,随后Fv/Fm维持在较低水平,在盐度10‰~40‰范围内,在前5天各处理样品Fv/Fm没有明显变化,之后样品Fv/Fm有不同程度的降低。不同实验温度条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,在5℃~25℃,浒苔Fv/Fm呈现先上升后下降趋势。不同光照条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm进行测定,其数值都在第一天发生了显著降低,之后稍有波动。藻体Fv/Fm变化有所不同,处理的前2天中,所有条件下样品都有相同幅度的降低,处理第三天时,光强400μmol/(m2·s)下比其他光强下的要显著低14%~16%;到培养后期,则以160μmol/(m2·s)下要明显较高,即160μmol/(m2·s)下藻体Fv/Fm的降低总体较为平缓。光照实验表明,浒苔在低光照条件下的实际量子效率要高于高光照条件,且最大量子效率的测定也进一步证实了该结果,表明高光照条件会引起浒苔光合作用能力下降。 相似文献
8.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):283-295
Phytoplankton production and physiology were investigated at six selected locations during a research cruise in early October 2007 in Tanzanian coastal waters. The dataset included photosynthesis– irradiance and active fluorescence parameters, phytoplankton absorption coefficients, and pigment concentrations. Primary production was estimated to vary over the range 0.79–1.89 g C m?2 d?1. Diagnostic pigments indicated that micro–nanophytoplankton comprised the communities at three stations and nano–picoplankton at the other three stations. At all stations, the populations maximised their photosynthesis in the upper water column under elevated irradiance and low nutrient conditions. Significant photosynthetic activity was also observed at depth under very low light where the communities increased their quantum yield of photochemistry and the proportion of accessory chlorophylls b and c and photosynthetic carotenoids. 相似文献
9.
D. H. Peterson M. J. Perry K. E. Bencala M. C. Talbot 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1987,24(6)
A simple exponential equation is used to describe photosynthetic rate as a function of light intensity for a variety of unicellular algae and higher plants where photosynthesis is proportional to (1-e−β1). The parameter β (
) is derived by a simultaneous curve-fitting method, where I is incident quantum-flux density. The exponential equation is tested against a wide range of data and is found to adequately describe P vs. I curves. The errors associated with photosynthetic parameters are calculated. A simplified statistical model (Poisson) of photon capture provides a biophysical basis for the equation and for its ability to fit a range of light intensities. The exponential equation provides a non-subjective simultaneous curve fitting estimate for photosynthetic efficiency (a) which is less ambiguous than subjective methods: subjective methods assume that a linear region of the P vs. I curve is readily identifiable. Photosynthetic parameters β and a are used widely in aquatic studies to define photosynthesis at low quantum flux. These parameters are particularly important in estuarine environments where high suspended-material concentrations and high diffuse-light extinction coefficients are commonly encountered. 相似文献
10.
Eleven incubation experiments were conducted in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean to investigate the relationship between new production (ρNO–3), regenerated production (ρNH+4), and total carbon production (ρC) as a function of varying light. The results show substantial variability in the photosynthesis–irradiance (P vs E) parameters, with phytoplankton communities at stations that were considered iron (Fe)-limited showing low maximum photosynthetic capacity (PBmax) and low quantum efficiency of photosynthesis (αB) for ρNO3, but high PBmax and αB for ρNH4, with consequently low export efficiency. Results at stations likely relieved of Fe stress (associated with shallow bathymetry and the marginal ice zone) showed the highest rates of PBmax and αB for ρNO3 and ρC. To establish the key factors influencing the variability of the photosynthetic parameters, a principal components analysis was performed on P vs E parameters, using surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, ambient nutrients, and an index for community size structure. Strong covariance between ambient nitrate (NO3) and αB for ρNO3 suggests that Fe and possibly light co-limitation affects the ability of phytoplankton in the region to access the surplus NO3 reservoir. However, the observed relationships between community structure and the P vs E parameters suggest superior performance by smaller-sized cells, in terms of resource acquisition and Fe limitation, as the probable driver of smaller-celled phytoplankton communities that have reduced photosynthetic efficiency and which require higher light intensities to saturate uptake. A noticeable absence in covariances between chlorophyll-a and αB, between PBmax and αB, and between temperature and αB may have important implications for primary-production models, although the absence of some expected relationships may be a consequence of the small dataset and low range of variability. However, significant relationships were observed between ambient NO3 and αB for ρNO3, and between the light-saturation parameter Ek for ρNO3 and the phytoplankton community’s size structure, which imply that Fe and light co-limitation drives access to the surplus NO3 reservoir and that larger-celled communities are more efficient at fixing NO3 in low light conditions. Although the mean PBmax results for ρC were consistent with estimates of global production from satellite chlorophyll measurements, the range of variability was large. These results highlight the need for more-advanced primary-production models that take into account a diverse range of environmental and seasonal drivers of photosynthetic responses. 相似文献
11.
Intertidal marine macroalgae experience periodical exposures during low tide due to their zonational distribution. The duration of such emersion leads to different exposures of the plants to light and aerial CO2, which then affect the physiology of them to different extents.The ecophysiological responses to light and CO2 were investigated during emersion in two red algae Gloiopeltis furcata and Gigartina interrnedia, and two brown algae Petaloniafascia and Sargassum hemiphyllum, growing along the Shantou coast of China. The light-saturated net photosynthesis in G. furcata and P. fascia showed an increase followed by slightly desiccation, whereas that in G.interrnedia and S. hemiphyllum exhibited a continuous decrease with water loss. In addition, the upper-zonated G. furcata and P. fascia,exhibited higher photosynthetic tolerance to desiccation and required higher light level to saturate their photosynthesis than the lower-zonated G. interrnedia and S. hemiphyllum. Desiccation had less effect on dark respiration in these four algae compared with photosynthesis. The light-saturated net photosynthesis increased with increased CO2 concentrations, being saturated at CO2 concentrations higher than the present atmospheric level in G. furcata, G. intermedia and S. hemiphyllum during emersion. It was evident that the relative enhancement of photosynthesis by elevated CO2 in those three algae increased, though the absolute values of photosynthetic enhancement owing to CO2 increase were reduced when the desiccation statuses became more severe. However, in the case of desiccated P. fascia (water loss being greater than 20 %), light saturated net photosynthesis was saturated with current ambient atmospheric CO2 level. It is proposed that increasing atmospheric CO2 will enhance the daily photosynthetic production in intertidal macroalgae by varied extents that were related to the species and zonation. 相似文献
12.
Properties of the light saturation curve of photosynthesis and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC) activity are shown to change qualitatively in a natural population of marine phytoplankton during a spring bloom. Evidence is presented to show that these changes constitute photoadapative responses to increasing irradiance. As irradiance increased during the bloom, both the level of light-saturated photosynthesis (Pm) and the initial slope of the light saturation curve (α = photosynthetic efficiency) increased whether those parameters were normalized to chlorophyll a concentration (Pmb, αb) or to cell numbers (Pmc, αc). The magnitudes of these changes were such that Ik (= Pm/α, the photoadaptation parameter) did not change, but Im, the light intensity at which photosynthesis becomes saturated, increased. RuBPC activity, both chlorophyll a (RuBPCb) and cell number normalized (RuBPCc), also increased during the bloom. We suggest that these adaptations were achieved by simultaneously increasing the number of photosynthetic units, proportionately decreasing the photosynthetic unit size, and increasing both the concentrations of the enzymes of the dark reactions and possibly also of photosynthetic electron transport components.We also observed diminished levels of photoinhibition in the high light adapted cells late in the bloom and have suggested that this was a consequence of the same suite of physiological changes.In situ carbon fixation per cell increased during the bloom whereas no change occurred in this parameter when normalized to chlorophyll a concentration. Although these photoadaptive responses thus permitted carbon to be fixed in situ more rapidly per cell, at a constant efficiency with respect to investment of energy in the photosynthetic apparatus, they did not result in a change in growth rate. Based on consideratios of the role of time scale in physiological adaptation, however, it is suggested that the observed alterations in photosynthesis with increasing irradiance might permit a cell to more rapidly fill an energy quota for division, possibly an advantage in a mixing environment in which energy is patchily distributed, both spatially and temporalyy.Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity when normalized to chlorophyll a (PEPCb) did not change during the bloom while chlorophyll a normalized dark carbon fixation decreased sharply and was quantitatively small compared to PEPCb. On this basis and considering that RuBPCb increased during the bloom, it is suggested that, although PEPC may be involved in dark carbon fixation, its most important quantitative role is probably an indirect one in light dependent photosynthesis.We have also considered the relevance of laboratory results on photoadaptation to interpretations of field studies and have suggested that batch culture studies must be treated with caution but that turbidistat and semi-continuous methods provide reasonable simulations of natural conditions. 相似文献
13.
HU Xupeng SU Rongguo ZOU Weiming REN Shijun WANG Hongtao CHAI Xiaoping WANG Yiming 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(4):116-128
The excitation spectra of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence can be used to differentiate phytoplankton populations at phylum level in vivo and in situ within a few minutes.The investigated phytoplankton divisions (Dinophyta,Bacillariophyta,Chrysophyta,Cyanophyta,Cryptophyta,Chlorophyta) are each characterized by a specific composition of photosynthetic antenna pigments and,consequently,by a specific excitation spectrum of the Chl fluorescence.Norm excitation spectra (emission of 680 nm and excitation of 400–600 nm) of every division were obtained from several species per division by a F4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer.Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis of the norm spectra shows that the divisions could be discriminated.The discrimination method,established by multivariate linear regression and weighted least squares,was used to differentiate the phytoplankton samples cultured in the laboratory and samples collected from the Jiaozhao Bay at division level.The correctly discriminated samples were more than 94% for single algal species ones,more than 84% for simulatively mixed ones,more than 83% for real mixed ones and 100% for samples collected from the Jiaozhou Bay for the dominant species.The method for phytoplankton differentiation described here can be applied to routine checking by fluorescence spectrophotometer,and benefit the monitoring and supervision tasks related to phytoplankton populations in the marine environments. 相似文献
14.
大亚湾浮游植物光合作用特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用Phyto-PAM测量大亚湾浮游植物的光合作用能力、非化学淬灭并建立快速光曲线,同时研究浮游植物群落结构、组成、丰度和相应的环境因素,分析光合作用特征与浮游植物生长和分布的耦合关系。本次调查期间大亚湾浮游植物以集群化硅藻为优势物种,各站位最大光量子收益达到0.72。大亚湾浮游植物适应高光强,当光照达到1000μE/(m2.s)时电子传递速率逐渐达到饱和;光照达到1500μE/(m2.s)浮游植物依然可进行光合作用,叶黄素循环保护光合器官使其免受高光强损伤;当光照达到1700μE/(m2.s)时,光合器官可能受到损伤,此时电子传递速率下降,实际光量子收益接近于0。集群化硅藻能够耐受较广的光照范围及其活跃的光合特征有利于它们在全球海区的广泛分布。 相似文献
15.
南海北部冬、夏季海表浮游植物光合作用速率对光强的响应特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过南海北部冬、夏季航次的现场观测,研究了海表浮游植物光合作用速率对光强的响应特征(P-E曲线)。结果表明南海北部浮游植物P-E曲线存在明显的季节变化。在冬季,P-E曲线呈现高PmB、高α、高β的特征,这表明冬季浮游植物在低光照环境中光合作用速率增加迅速,其最大光合作用速率较高但容易受到光抑制。与冬季相反,夏季P-E曲线呈现低PmB、低α、低β的特征,浮游植物受光抑制影响小,但最大光合作用速率低于冬季。水温和粒级结构等指标与P-E参数存在显著相关,这意味着环境和群落的季节变化可能对光合作用特性有一定影响。通过P-E参数模拟得到真光层内光合作用速率,模拟值与现场结果之间呈明显的线性相关但存在高估。此研究有助于认识南海浮游植物光合作用特征,并为初级生产力模型研究提供依据。 相似文献
16.
The activity of photosynthesis and the contents of chlorophylla and pheo-pigments were compared in the samples of the intake and effluent seawater of Owase-Mita Thermal Power Plant and in the seawater samples in the Yoshimi Bay before and after heat treatment. At Owase-Mita Thermal Power Plant, after passage of sea water through the cooling system chlorophylla content reduced to about a half and pheo-pigment content doubled in August with high temperature (25–27C), but the contents of chlorophylla and pheo-pigments changed little in January with low temperature (16C); whereas the depression of photosynthetic activity after passing through the cooling system was 71–77 % in August and 31–46 % in January. In the laboratory experiments, the heat treatment at 34–43C for 7–8 sec., which resulted in temperature rise of 7–8C, gave the decrease of chlorophylla and an increase of pheo-pigments in August temperature (26.5C), but a slight decrease of chlorophylla and a slight increase of pheo-pigments in November at the initial temperature of 19.2C, while in January and December the samples with low initial temperature (11.6 and 10.8C) showed almost no change in the content of pigments; the decrease in photosynthetic activity was 32 % in August sample,ca. 11 % in November sample,ca. 15% in January and almost no change in December. It is concluded that the photosynthetic carbon assimilation of marine phytoplankton is suppressed by passing through the cooling system of a thermal power plant even at lower water temperature in winter, while the content of chlorophylla is affected very little at a temperature below 20C. 相似文献
17.
Sooji Shimura Yukuya Yamaguchi Yusho Aruga Yoshihiko Fujita Shun-ei Ichimura 《Journal of Oceanography》1978,34(5):181-188
Extracellular release of photosynthetic products by a pelagic blue-green alga,Trichodesmium thiebautii, was scrutinized in relation to pre-treatments in14C-method for measuring the primary productivity.The extracellular release increased markedly by the pre-treatments with such strong fixative solutions as formaldehyde and mercuric chloride. In such a case, the amount of extracellular fraction reached even almost 78 % of the total photosynthates. The extracellular release of photosynthates was dependent both on light intensity and on physiological state of algal cells. When photosynthesis was terminated by a fixative, the extracellular release was noticed even just after the fixation, and it increased with time. Thus, it appears to be difficult to deduce the real photosynthetic production capacity from the amount of cellular fraction only.The amount of extracellular fraction for unfixed samples filtered immediately after the incubation was less than 8 % of the total photosynthetic products inT. thiebautii. This value is nearly comparable to the amount of excretion reported in many cultured algae. 相似文献
18.
石油烃胁迫下3种微藻的生长动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨石油烃对海洋生物的毒性效应机制,并对海洋石油污染的预防和治理提供理论依据,本文研究了0#柴油石油烃对3种海洋微藻生长的影响。实验结果表明石油烃对微藻有"低促高抑"的现象:当石油烃质量浓度10 mg/L时,抑制青岛大扁藻的生长;当石油烃质量浓度30 mg/L时,则抑制三角褐指藻的生长;抑制聚球藻的石油烃质量浓度范围为20 mg/L,且质量浓度越大抑制效果越明显。但低质量浓度石油烃污染物则易促进其生长。在Logistic生长模型的基础上,结合Lorentz方程和Exponential方程,引入石油烃污染物质量浓度项,建立石油烃污染物条件下的海洋浮游植物生长的模型。Lorentz方程可描述0#柴油烃对浮游植物生长速率参数的影响,Exponential方程可描述0#柴油烃对浮游植物生物量的影响,实验验证该模型是合理的。 相似文献
19.
南沙渚碧礁生态系有机碳的分布及周日变化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1999 年 4 月对我国南沙群岛渚碧礁海水中溶解有机碳的分布及礁坪区颗粒有机碳 (POC) 和溶解有机碳 (DOC) 的周日变化特征进行了观测。结果表明,渚碧礁表层海水 DOC 变化范围为 1.43~3.62 mg/L,平均为 2.16 mg/L,含量分布大致表现为礁坪区>潟湖>礁外。潟湖 DOC 的垂直分布大致表现为表层高于底层,可能与表层浮游植物的光合作用有关。礁坪区 POC 及 DOC 都呈现显著的周日变化特征,POC 呈现夜晚高,白天低的特点,浮游植物的昼夜垂直移动可能是产生该现象的主要原因。DOC 的周日变化则主要受浮游动物昼夜垂直移动及细菌等生物活动的影响。 相似文献
20.
Lawrence W. Harding Jr Blanche W. Meeson Thomas R. Fisher Jr 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1986,23(6)
Chesapeake Bay is a large and productive estuary that has received close scrutiny in recent years because of indications that its water quality and biota have been damaged by man's activities. Data on primary production for the estuary as a whole, however, are surprisingly sparse. We describe here the distribution of photosynthetic carbon assimilation by phytoplankton in Chesapeake Bay, and relate productivity patterns to hydrographic characteristics of the estuary. Between March 1982 and April 1983, a series of four cruises was conducted on Chesapeake Bay, and two cruises on the urbanized Delaware Bay for comparison. The upper Chesapeake and Delaware were highly turbid with high concentrations of suspended particulate matter and dissolved inorganic nutrients. Low chlorophyll concentrations were usually found in these areas of high turbidity, despite the abundance of nutrients, suggesting light limitation. Application of Wofsy's (1983) model of phytoplanton growth confirmed this suggestion. Chlorophyll and productivity maxima usually occurred seaward of the turbidity maxima where light penetration increased and suffient nutrients were present to support active phytoplankton growth. Further seaward of the chlorophyll maxima in the Chesapeake, the photic zone depth increased, concentrations of nutrients decreased, and phytoplankton biomass decreased, suggesting that nutrient availability, rather than light, controlled phytoplankton growth in the lower portion of the estuary. In contrast to the Chesapeake, Delaware Bay was more turbid, had generally higher nutrient concentrations, and was lower in phytoplankton productivity. The chlorophyll maxima and region of rapid phytoplankton growth occurred further toward the lower estuary and shelf regions in Delaware Bay because the high turbidity extended further seaward. Nutrients were never depleted at the shelf end of the estuary sufficiently to retard phytoplankton growth. Photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) curves from simulated in situ and constant intensity incubations showed a strong correlation of the light-limited slope (aB) with the light-saturated rate (
) on each cruise. Spatial variations in
corresponded to patterns of phytoplankton abundance, as did integral production (PP) and carbon-based growth rates (μC, μm), and photosynthetic parameters varied significantly with temperature. 相似文献