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黄海潮生陆架锋的数值模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
采用海洋三维热结构及环流模式,模拟了黄海在Ｍ２潮流混合作用下,夏季温度的分布和变化特征。从数值研究的角度,对黄海陆架水域的海洋锋现象,诸如苏北浅滩外、山东半岛东端、大连、木浦水域的锋面以及锋面沿岸一侧的表层冷水区的成因及分布进行了探讨,模拟结果再现了黄海陆架锋的潮生性质。 相似文献
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关于黄海的潮混合和浅水锋现象,中国和韩国的学者已有一些报道(赵保仁,1987a，b;赵保仁等,1992;Lie,H-J.，1989)。卫星图片和有关水文观测资料表明,夏季,黄海的浅水锋主要分布在苏北浅滩外侧、山东半岛的成山角一石岛近海、渤海海峡、西朝鲜湾和江华湾湾口附近及朝鲜半岛西南部近海。
为了深入了解黄海苏北浅滩外侧浅水锋的分布和水文结构,我们于1990年7月29日至8月1日对该区域进行了一次水文和水化学的专项调査。本文根据这次调查所得的水文资料,对苏北浅滩外侧的海面冷水和浅水锋的分布特征以及锋区的环流结构进行简要论述。
苏北近海的浅水锋常出现在苏北浅滩外侧的陡坡附近(赵保仁,1987a)。本次调查在这一区域设了5个断面,32个大面站和1个连续站。锋区附近的最小站距约4海里(5′经距)左右。调査区域的水深分布和站位如图1所示。这一海区的地形分布特点是海底坡度较大,34°10′N以北海底陡坡在30-40m等深线之间,34°10′N线以南海底陡坡在20-30m等深线之间,陡坡处坡度达4×10-3左右。此外,在122°10''E线附近,还有一向北伸展的沙脊。观测结果表明,苏北浅滩外侧浅水锋现象与地形特征关系密切。 相似文献
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春夏季南黄海西部沿岸低盐水入侵温跃层现象的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
2000年6月至2002年6月春夏季期间,在南黄海春夏季南黄海西部沿岸低盐水入侵温跃层现象的研究鱼产卵场进行了4个航次的多学科调查,海洋水文观测分析结果表明:在苏北浅滩外侧、成山头—石岛外侧的层化海区的温跃层中存在低盐水现象.春夏增温季节温跃层加强,低盐水入侵现象逐渐增强;入侵强度也存在年际变化.苏北浅滩入侵低盐水舌向北偏东方向延伸,水舌较宽,入侵较远;石岛附近入侵低盐水舌向南偏西方向延伸,水舌较窄,入侵较弱.温跃层中低盐水是由于沿岸低盐水入侵造成的,并与当地的潮锋现象存在密切的关系. 相似文献
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近海潮锋的分布与温度、盐度乃至海洋生产力的分布都存在紧密联系。基于北部湾东北部的实测数据,对比分析2016—2017年北部湾东北部海域的温度、盐度、密度等分布,并利用ROMS(Regional Ocean Model System)正压与斜压模式,计算Simpson-Hunter (S-H)参数,阐述了潮锋出现位置及其与温度、盐度和密度的关系。结果表明:北部湾东北部潮锋发生的主要区域位于雷州半岛附近,潮混合区温盐密混合较为均匀。利用ROMS模式计算所得的最大垂直平均流速来计算S-H参数,认为潮锋出现位置位于S-H参数值为2处,与实测结果较为一致,且认为正压模式比斜压模式更能准确模拟潮混合区。另外,分析观测数据发现,温度、盐度、密度锋终年存在。近岸处密度锋主要受盐度锋控制,而潮混合产生的盐度锋又容易被径流掩盖。风力较大时三种锋都易向水深更深处推进,潮混合区终年垂向混合较好。 相似文献
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南黄海物理-生物地球化学过程的时空异质性及内在关联和机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究多重物理过程控制下陆架边缘海生物地球化学过程的时空异质性及其生态响应，对于深入认识海洋生态系统具有重要的意义。基于相关历史观测资料和卫星遥感海表温度，本文综合分析了南黄海物理-生物地球化学过程的时空变化和空间异质性特征，探讨了该海域内部典型地理单元之间的内在关联和机制。结果显示，冷季沿岸流南向输送和暖季锋面上升流垂向输运的季节性交替是影响石岛外海与海州湾外侧海域生物地球化学和初级生产的重要物理过程。夏季苏北沿岸水的东北向扩展可形成浒苔离岸/跨区域输送的动力驱动。暖季水体层化显著影响着南黄海中部冷水团海域的生物地球化学过程，春至秋季冷水团海域底层水体中的营养盐逐渐累积，形成了营养盐的重要贮库；层化季节黄海冷水团边界锋区上升流系统的存在使得南黄海叶绿素a和初级生产力高值区位置同海表低温涌升流区总体相一致。冷季南黄海西部南下的冷水与中部北向入侵的暖水共同导致了“S”型锋面的形成；暖季黄海冷水团边界锋区的上升流系统是连接层化海域和近岸区的纽带，可实现对冷水团内部营养盐的提取，从而将冷水团内部和边界区的生物地球化学过程形成有机连接，并在成山角-石岛外海、海州湾外侧、苏北浅滩东部形成三个典型的物理-生物地球化学相互作用区。本研究细化和整合了南黄海区域海洋学研究，揭示了该海域物理-生物地球化学过程的空间异质性特征和不同地理单元之间的关联性及机制，获得了对南黄海水文-生物地球化学-生态过程的综合、系统认知。 相似文献
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基于2010—2011年春、秋和冬季在黄海3个航次调查取得的悬浮体数据,结合MODIS L1B遥感数据,建立基于MODIS第4波段反射率的表层悬浮体浓度(SSC)的反演模型。利用合成的MODIS月均数据和悬浮体反演模型,反演出黄海表层悬浮体的月际分布,并对形成机制进行探讨。结果显示:黄海悬浮体分布有3个高值区,分别对应3个悬浮体来源,苏北浅滩及成山头高值区来源为海底泥沙的再悬浮,山东半岛北岸高值区来源为由渤海海峡输入黄海的泥沙。黄海悬浮体的分布及扩散具有显著的季节性变化特征,冬季,由于冬季风形成的波浪与沿岸流强盛,黄海3个高值区明显,其中山东半岛北岸与成山头形成一条连续的高悬浮体浓度水体条带;春季,由于波浪及沿岸流减弱,黄海悬浮体浓度显著减小,山东半岛北岸与成山头成为2个独立的高值区,表明其不同的悬浮体来源;夏季,仅苏北浅滩形成由于潮流导致再悬浮的悬浮体浓度高值区;秋季,由于冬季风逐渐加强,黄海悬浮体浓度显著增加,并逐渐过渡到冬季分布状态。 相似文献
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冬季青岛-石岛近海中尺度涡旋数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用二维全流水动力方程组,在考虑了海面风应力,潮余流和一开边界入流等条件下,首次模拟出了石了石岛附近的中尺度反旋式涡旋海水运动,并对南黄海西部冬季环流的特征作了初步探讨。数值模拟结果和实测吻合良好,数值模拟表明：冬季南黄海西部环流形式主要决定因子是海面风应力、潮余流及从开边界的流入该海域的黄海暖流及黄海沿岸流。黄海暖流在偏北风作用下沿西北方向可直达山东半岛近岸,后分为两支：一支向南汇入黄海沿岸流流 相似文献
10.
模拟了全新世 9个特定时期潮流作用下渤、黄、东海陆架上的泥沙输运状况。结果表明 ,东海外陆架梳状古沙脊形成的盛期在 - 80m至 - 52m海面期间 ,主要是潮流将侵蚀的海底晚更新世物质与河流的入海泥沙向东南方向输运而形成 ;- 52m海面之后 ,该古沙脊逐渐停止发育。扬子浅滩形成于 - 52m海面之后 ,至 - 30m海面时已发育比较成熟 ,它主要是旋转流将海底晚更新世物质与全新世河流入海泥沙中的细粒物质呈扇形向外簸选掉 ,粗粒物质留在原地而形成。南黄海中部泥在 - 52m海面时已开始形成 ,该泥是细粒物质的汇 ,泥沙来源具有多源性 ,但泥沙来量不足。西朝鲜湾沙脊与江华湾沙席、辽东浅滩沙脊与渤中浅滩沙席、海州湾中砂质沉积、南黄海辐射状沙脊以及北黄海西部泥、渤海中央泥、浙闽岸外泥主要形成于全新世最大海侵以来。西朝鲜湾沙脊与江华湾沙席分别是强往复流与旋转流主要侵蚀海底的晚更新世物质而形成。辽东浅滩沙脊与渤中浅滩沙席主要是强潮流将老铁山水道中的晚更新世物质带到辽东半岛西侧海域沉积而形成。海州湾中的砂质沉积是潮流将海底晚更新世物质与河流入海泥沙中的细粒物质带往外海、留下粗粒泥沙而形成。南黄海辐射状沙脊是辐射状潮流场改造北来的黄河泥沙与南来的长江泥沙而形成。北黄海西部泥的 相似文献
11.
Fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), temperature, salinity, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a were measured in the surface waters of southwestern East Sea/Japan Sea in July 2005. Surface waters were divided into three
waters based on hydrographic characteristics: the water with moderate sea surface temperature (SST) and high sea surface salinity
(SSS) located east of the front (East water); the water with high SST and moderate SSS located west of the front (West water);
and the water with low SST and SSS located in the middle part of the study area (Middle water). High fCO2 larger than 420 μatm were found in the West water. In the Middle water, CO2 was undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere, with values between 246 and 380 μatm. Moderate fCO2 values ranging from 370 to 420 μatm were observed in the East water. For the East and West waters, estimates of temperature
dependency of fCO2 (12.6 and 15.1 μatm °C−1, respectively) were rather similar to a theoretical value, indicating that SST is likely to be a major factor controlling
the surface fCO2 distribution in these two regions. In the Middle water, however, the estimated temperature dependence was somewhat lower
than the theoretical value, and relatively high concentrations of surface chlorophyll-a coincided with the low surface fCO2, implying that biological uptake may considerably affect the fCO2 distribution. The net sea-to-air CO2 flux of the study area was estimated to be 0.30±4.81 mmol m−2 day−1 in summer, 2005. 相似文献
12.
Tomohiro Nakamura Takahiro Toyoda Yoichi Ishikawa Toshiyuki Awaji 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):411-423
A numerical study using a 3-D nonhydrostatic model has been applied to baroclinic processes generated by the K
1 tidal flow in and around the Kuril Straits. The result shows that large-amplitude unsteady lee waves are generated and cause
intense diapycnal mixing all along the Kuril Island Chain to levels of a maximum diapycnal diffusivity exceeding 103 cm2s−1. Significant water transformation by the vigorous mixing in shallow regions produces the distinct density and potential vorticity
(PV) fronts along the Island Chain. The pinched-off eddies that arise and move away from the fronts have the ability to transport
a large amount of mixed water (∼14 Sv) to the offshore regions, roughly half being directed to the North Pacific. These features
are consistent with recent satellite imagery and in-situ observations, suggesting that diapycnal mixing within the vicinity
of the Kuril Islands has a greater impact than was previously supposed on the Okhotsk Sea and the North Pacific. To examine
this influence of tidal processes at the Kurils on circulations in the neighboring two basins, another numerical experiment
was conducted using an ocean general circulation model with inclusion of tidal mixing along the islands, which gives a better
representation of the Okhotsk Sea Mode Water than in the case without the tidal mixing. This is mainly attributed to the added
effect of a significant upward salt flux into the surface layer due to tidal mixing in the Kuril Straits, which is subsequently
transported to the interior region of the Okhotsk Sea. With a saline flux into the surface layer, cooling in winter in the
northern part of the Okhotsk Sea can produce heavier water and thus enhance subduction, which is capable of reproducing a
realistic Okhotsk Sea Mode Water. The associated low PV flux from the Kuril Straits to the open North Pacific excites the
2nd baroclinic-mode Kelvin and Rossby waves in addition to the 1st mode. Interestingly, the meridional overturning in the
North Pacific is strengthened as a result of the dynamical adjustment caused by these waves, leading to a more realistic reproduction
of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) than in the case without tidal mixing. Accordingly, the joint effect of tidally-induced
transport and transformation dominating in the Kuril Straits and subsequent eddy-transport is considered to play an important
role in the ventilation of both the Okhotsk Sea and the North Pacific Ocean.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
北黄海定点连续观测站海流资料分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用2009年6月至11月期间的ADCP海流资料,研究了獐子岛附近一个固定观测点处的时间平均流及潮流特征。结果表明,该海区的平均流大致沿等深线方向,从黄海流向渤海,整个观测期间纬向平均流大于经向平均流,经向1m宽度范围内的纬向净水体输运量为0.67m3/s,而纬向1m宽度内的经向净水体输运量为0.16m3/s;垂向上可以15m和47m为节点分为三层,15m大致为温跃层深度,而47m以下为底摩擦影响显著的范围。夏季的温盐层化结构对于余流的垂直分布存在显著影响。潮流调和分析表明,该海区的潮汐类型为正规半日潮,M_2和K_1分潮在整个深度范围内的平均振幅分别为27.9cm/s和9.2cm/s,半日潮流由表及底均为旋转流,而全日潮流更趋向于往复流。在垂向上,各个分潮的潮流椭圆均随深度发生小幅度的旋转,半日潮流椭圆随深度逆时针旋转,倾角变化小于30°,全日潮流椭圆随深度顺时针旋转,倾角变化小于40°。潮流在近底层受到底摩擦的影响十分显著,其中全日潮流受到底摩擦的影响较半日潮流大。本次观测是进一步研究北黄海区域潮流、近惯性流动与水体交换输运的直接参考,其结果加深了对该区域流场特性的认识和理解。 相似文献
14.
夏季黄海表面冷水对大气边界层及海雾的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海表面温度(SST)是海气界面上的1个物理量,受到海洋潮汐、海底地形等因素影响,并对海洋大气边界层有着重要的影响.夏季的黄海,由于黄海冷水团的存在和陆架锋的影响,或是潮汐混合的作用导致海水的垂直混合,使海表面温度的分布产生复杂的结构.通过对卫星观测的海表面温度数据分析,发现在夏季黄海有几个SST冷中心的存在:辽东半岛以及山东半岛的顶端、朝鲜半岛的西侧、山东半岛南侧、江苏外海和黄海南部等.本文利用一系列船舶观测资料、卫星遥感数据、再分析数据分析等,并运用数值模拟研究黄海的冷中心对其上大气的影响.在冷区之上,大气稳定度增加,抑制了近海面大气的垂直混合,使海表面风速减弱.通过对船测数据的分析,在冷区位置有海雾多发区的存在,黄海南部冷区上的海雾发生频率达到15％以上.Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)模式的数值模拟表明,冷中心降低上空的温度,使海表面风速减弱,形成厚度达500m的逆温层,为海雾的形成创造了有利的条件.与船测数据结果所不同的是黄海南部冷中心之上的海雾发生频率可以达到30％,去掉冷区影响的试验表明冷区较冷的海表面温度最多可以使海雾的发生频率增加15％以上. 相似文献
15.
Variability of sea surface temperature and warm pool area in the South China Sea and its relationship to the western Pacific warm pool 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from satellite and in situ measurements are used to study the thermal variability
in the South China Sea (SCS). Time–frequency–energy distributions, periods of variability, and trends are computed by the
Hilbert–Huang transform method. The SST trend from 1982 to 2005 is 0.276°C per decade in the SCS which is higher than 0.144°C
per decade in the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP). The warm pool (SST ≥ 28°C) area in the SCS has increased by 0.20 × 106 km2 per decade. The SST and area of the warm pool in the SCS are strongly correlated, respectively, with the SST and area of
the WPWP with a time lag of 1 month, suggestive of a strong connection between these two warm pools. Once the annual cycle
is eliminated, decadal oscillations dominate the variability of SST and warm pool area in the SCS. 相似文献
16.
Research and development of the New Generation Sea Surface Temperature for Open Ccean (NGSST-O) product and its demonstration operation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Futoki Sakaida Hiroshi Kawamura Shin Takahashi Teruhisa Shimada Yoshimi Kawai Kohtaro Hosoda Lei Guan 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(6):859-870
Real-time generation and distribution of the New Generation Sea Surface Temperature for Open Ocean (NGSST-O) product began
in September 2003 as a demonstration operation of the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) High-Resolution Sea
Surface Temperature Pilot Project. Satellite sea surface temperature (SST) observations from infrared radiometers (AVHRR,
MODIS) and a microwave radiometer (AMSR-E) are objectively merged to generate the NGSST-O product, which is a quality-controlled,
cloud-free, high-spatial-resolution (0.05° gridded), wide-coverage (13–63° N, 116–166° E), daily SST digital map. The NGSST-O
demonstration operation system has been developed in cooperation with the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) and has produced six
years of continuous data without gaps. Comparison to in situ SSTs measured by drifting buoys indicates that the root mean-square error of NGSST-O has been kept at approximately 0.9°C. 相似文献
17.
The structure and distribution of the macrobenthic communities were studied in the southwestern Kara Sea. The material was
collected in Baidaratskaya Bay in July 2007 and in a section running westward of the Yamal Peninsula in September 2007. The
depths of the sampling stations ranged from 5 to 25 m in the Baidaratskaya Bay area and between 16 and 46 m in the Yamal section.
A total of 212 benthic invertebrate species were recorded. In both areas, Bivalvia was the group with the highest biomass
(54.88 g/m2 in the Yamal section and 59.71 g/m2 in the Baidaratskaya Bay area), while polychaetes were the group with the highest number of species (45 in the Yamal section
and 64 the Baidaratskaya Bay area). Three major macrozoobenthic communities were recognized: the Astarte borealis community (20–46 m, the deepest sampling stations in both areas); the “medium-depth” community (10–20 m, extremely mosaic,
usually dominated by Serripes groenlandicus); and the Nephtys longosetosa community (depth smaller than 10 m, characterized by low biomass and the absence of large bivalves and echinoderms). The
western Yamal shallow-water communities were shown to be generally similar to those of Baidaratskaya Bay. The comparison of
these results with those of the benthos censuses performed in 1927–1945, 1975, and 1993 showed that the benthic communities
in the southwestern Kara Sea remained relatively stable during the second half of the 20th century and the early 21st century. 相似文献
18.
Shuqin Tao Lei Xing Xiaofan Luo Hao Wei Yanguang Liu Meixun Zhao 《Geo-Marine Letters》2012,32(1):61-71
The
\textU\textK￠37 {\text{U}}^{{{\text{K}}\prime}}_{{37}} index has been widely applied for sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction in open ocean environments, but has inherently
limited applications at smaller, regional scales including some marginal seas where both historical and reconstructed SST
records are urgently needed for understanding regional climate evolution. We determined the spatial distribution of alkenone
contents in surface sediments from the southern Yellow Sea to assess the regional
\textU37\textK￠ {\text{U}}_{{{37}}}^{{{\text{K'}}}} —SST relationship for paleo-SST reconstructions. C37:2 and C37:3 alkenones were detected at all 36 sites covering most of the southern Yellow Sea. Alkenone content ranges from 17 to 1,063 ng/g,
with high values (ca. 400 to 1,000 ng/g) at deep water sites and a decreasing trend shoreward. For six samples at shallower
depths near the coast and further offshore, the values were too low for statistical evaluation. This spatial pattern of alkenone
contents is consistent with existing knowledge on the spatial distribution and productivity of alkenone-producing coccolithophorid
species in the region. There is a significant positive relationship (
\textU37\textK￠ = 0.059\textSST - 0.350 {\text{U}}_{{{37}}}^{{{\text{K'}}}} = 0.059{\text{SST}} - 0.350 , R = 0.912, n = 30) between the
\textU37\textK￠ {\text{U}}_{{{37}}}^{{{\text{K'}}}} values and satellite-derived annual mean SSTs (0 m) for the last 27 years, providing support for the application of a region-specific
\textU37\textK￠ {\text{U}}_{{{37}}}^{{{\text{K'}}}} index as paleothermometer in the southern Yellow Sea. However, the slope of the southern Yellow Sea calibration (0.059) is
considerably larger than that of the well-known global core-top calibration (0.033). This implies that global SST trends may
not adequately encompass regional SST patterns and/or that environmental factors other than temperature may gain importance
in explaining coccolithophore dynamics in marginal seas. 相似文献
19.
Seasonal evolution of surface mixed layer in the Northern Arabian Sea (NAS) between 17° N–20.5° N and 59° E-69° E was observed
by using Argo float daily data for about 9 months, from April 2002 through December 2002. Results showed that during April
- May mixed layer shoaled due to light winds, clear sky and intense solar insolation. Sea surface temperature (SST) rose by
2.3 °C and ocean gained an average of 99.8 Wm−2. Mixed layer reached maximum depth of about 71 m during June - September owing to strong winds and cloudy skies. Ocean gained
abnormally low ∼18 Wm−2 and SST dropped by 3.4 °C. During the inter monsoon period, October, mixed layer shoaled and maintained a depth of 20 to
30 m. November - December was accompanied by moderate winds, dropping of SST by 1.5 °C and ocean lost an average of 52.5 Wm−2. Mixed layer deepened gradually reaching a maximum of 62 m in December. Analysis of surface fluxes and winds suggested that
winds and fluxes are the dominating factors causing deepening of mixed layer during summer and winter monsoon periods respectively.
Relatively high correlation between MLD, net heat flux and wind speed revealed that short term variability of MLD coincided
well with short term variability of surface forcing. 相似文献
20.
The research was performed along a transect from the Yamal Peninsula coast towards the outer shelf of the southwestern part
of the Kara Sea in September 2007. 130 phytoplankton species have been identified, among which 63 were found in the area for
the first time. The total phytoplankton numbers varied within the range of 0.2 to 11.3 × 109 cells/m2, while biomass within the range of 43 to 1057 mgC/m2. A well pronounced cross-shelf zoning in the phytoplankton communities was ascertained. The inner shelf zone about 30 km
wide with depths down to 30 meters was characterized by the predominance of diatoms (up to 80% of the total algae numbers
and biomass). The second group by value was dinoflagellates. Seaward in the area of the depth increase from 30 to 140 m, the
zone of the Yamal Current was located, which was 40 km wide and notable for its active water dynamics. The total cell numbers
in the zone reached a maximum for the entire investigated area: up to 11.3 × 109 cells/m2. The leading group in the phytoplankton was autotrophic flagellates, whose share in the total numbers reached 56–82%. Further
than 70 km from the shore, the outer shelf zone was found with the water column rigidly stratified. The highest for the whole
area phytoplankton biomass was identified here (up to 1.06 gC/m9), 80% of which was concentrated above the halocline. Diatoms dominated in the phytoplankton numbers (up to 92%) and biomass
(up to 90%), which was related to the mass development of two species: Chaetoceros diadema and Leptocylindrus danicus. 相似文献