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1.
M. f. Fitzsimons P. R. Dando J. A. Hughes F. Thiermann I. Akoumianaki S. M. Pratt 《Marine Chemistry》1997,57(3-4)
A shallow hydrothermal brine seep located off the Greek island of Milos in the Aegean Sea was studied. The brine fluid outcropped as a pool of water in a seabed depression and was detected in the surrounding pore-waters of sediments colonised by the sulphur bacterium Achromatium volutans. The seep fluid was highly saline and sulphidic, depleted in Mg2+ and SO42−, but enriched over seawater in Na+, Ca2+, K+, Cl−, SiO2, reduced species and dissolved gases. The high concentrations of Na+, Ca2+ and K+ were consistent with the Milos tectonic setting. Na-K and Na-K-Ca geothermometers predicted a reservoir temperature of 300–325 °C for the most concentrated seep samples. The deep geothermal reservoir within the metamorphic basement of Milos island has already been located and studied and may represent the source of the seep fluid. Faunal diversity was lowest in seep-influenced sediments, but a sulphide-intolerant species was found in areas of the bacterial mat where salinity and temperature were much lower. Pressure-induced variations in the vertical depth of the brine interface may be occurring in the sediment. 相似文献
2.
为探讨Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾体内代谢酶的相对独立作用和相互影响,进而为提高凡纳滨对虾生长力和免疫力提供理论依据,本实验采取L49(78)安排7水平Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度,L8(27)安排2水平Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度,开展60 d凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖试验,通过比较对虾体内消化酶、ATP酶及免疫类酶的活性以分析Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾生长力和免疫力的影响。结果表明:水体中Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对消化酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中与对虾消化吸收联系最紧密的蛋白酶中,盐度对胃蛋白酶影响显著,盐度为10时酶活最高,Ca2+、盐度对类胰蛋白酶影响显著,Ca2+为200 mg/L,盐度为20时,酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对ATP酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中对Na+-K+-ATP酶都有显著影响,Ca2+为300 mg/L,Mg2+为500 mg/L,盐度为30时酶活最高,Ca2+、Mg2+对Mg2+-ATP酶具有显著影响,Ca2+为200 mg/L,Mg2+为500 mg/L时酶活最高,Ca2+对Ca2+-ATP酶具有显著影响,Ca2+为200、300 mg/L时酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾体内免疫酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对ACP都有显著影响,Ca2+为100 mg/L,Mg2+为150 mg/L,盐度为30时酶活最高,Mg2+对AKP具有显著影响,在150 mg/L时酶活最高,Ca2+、盐度对SOD酶活具有显著影响,Ca2+为100 mg/L,盐度为35时酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度间的交互作用对体内代谢酶也有一定影响。 相似文献
3.
This paper discusses the geochemical characteristics of the interstitial water of the Bohai Gulf, where the main salt contents (K+, Na+, Ca++ Mg+ + , C1-, HCO3-, SO4-) in 55 sedimentary layers of 13 cores (3-4 m in length) and those of bottom seawater have been determined and the exchange capacity and exchange cations (K+, Na+, Ca++, Mg++) of the layers analysed (see Fig. 1)Fig. J. The stations of core samplings in the Bohai Gult. 相似文献
4.
The interstitial water composition (
, alkalinity, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, Na+, K+) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined for the muddy sediments of the continental shelf off the Gironde Estuary (France), in the area where the sediment represents the deposit of the muddy suspension of the river. In comparison with seawater concentrations, the pore waters below 10 cm depth, show depletions of
and Ca2+ and below a 30 cm depth show depletions of Mg2+. Inversely, the upper 10 cm an enrichment of Ca2+ concentration, and an increase of K+ concentration to a 40 cm depth. High values of
are observed at the top 4 cm. Alkalinity enrichment is observed along the length of the core. Applying the alkalinity models for the sediment below a 10 cm depth demonstrates generally that calculated alkalinities are higher than the measured ones. Ca2+ dissolution occurs at the first 10 cm and authigenic carbonate precipitation starts beneath that level. Mg2+ depletion is accompanied by bicarbonate loss. This proves that Mg2+ depletion is due to a Mg-silicate reaction. The result of the CEC does not confirm the Mg2+ uptake by clay minerals in exchangeable site, under reducing conditions. Diffusion and bioturbation play an important role in the pore water concentration at the top of the core. 相似文献
5.
提要以伊红染色法检测样品精子存活率为依据,研究了4℃下5种保存液及Ca2 、Mg2 离子对中华绒螯蟹精子体外保存效果的影响。5种保存液分别为人工海水(ASW)、2倍钙离子人工海水(2×Ca2 -ASW)、无镁离子人工海水(Mg2 -FASW)、无钾离子人工海水(K -FASW)、无钙离子人工海水(Ca2 -FASW),经4天保存后,各保存液中精子样品的存活率和精子密度均出现明显差异,K -FASW、ASW及2×Ca2 -ASW三种保存液中的精子因发生顶体反应而大量死亡,而Mg2 -FASW、Ca2 -FASW的保存效果较好。在此基础上,进一步探讨了不同Mg2 和Ca2 浓度对精子存活率的影响,结果发现,经24h保存后各实验组精子存活率均随着两种离子浓度的增加而明显下降。上述结果表明:K -FASW、ASW及2×Ca2 -ASW不适合精子保存,而Mg2 -FASW和Ca2 -FASW均可作为该蟹精子的保存液;Ca2 因可引起精子顶体反应而造成保存液中精子的大量死亡,其浓度与存活率呈明显的负相关;无K 的保存液中,Ca2 、Mg2 的存在与否对精子的保存效果起关键作用;无Mg2 人工海水之所以具有较好的保存效果,可能与Mg2 的缺乏而导致Ca2 逆浓度差转运受阻,避免了因Ca2 进入而诱发顶体反应有关。 相似文献
6.
Self-diffusion coefficients of five major ions have been determined by a radioactive tracer method (capillary tube method) in seawater of salinity 34.86 at 25°C. Data are presented for Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42, and HCO3−, which constitute about 95% by weight of sea salt. The influence of temperature and salinity on these coefficients has been studied for Na+ and Cl− which are the major components of sea salt: self-diffusion coefficients of these two ions have been measured in seawater, at different temperatures for a salinity of 34.86 and at different salinities for a temperature of 25°C. Diffusion coefficients of the same ions have been determined at 25°C by using another radioactive tracer method (quasi-steady cell method). In this experiment, seawater ions were allowed to diffuse from natural seawater into dilute seawater. Data have been obtained at 25°C for Na+, Ca 2+, Cl−, SO42− and HCO3−, corresponding to different salinity gradients. 相似文献
7.
Behaviour of industrially added boron in the well mixed Ambika river estuary of South Gujarat, India has been studied along with that of calcium and magnesium. The ratios of Ca : Cl and Mg : Cl at varying chlorinities were always within the normal ranges found in river water at one end and seawater at the other end. B : Cl exceeded the river water end limit at the ebb tide at an upstream station. Percentage addition or removal of boron, calcium and magnesium was calculated using the concept of the theoretical dilution line. The external input raised the boron concentration by 263% in the vicinity of the industrial discharge. A correlation coefficient of ?0·82 between chlorinity and percentage addition or removal of boron supports the theory of boron incorporation in sediments in amounts proportional to salinity. Inverse relationship between percentage addition or removal of boron and suspended solids was observed. Behaviour of calcium and magnesium was in line with the replacement of Ca2+ ions occupying the majority of ion-exchange sites in riverine clays by Mg2+, Na+ and K+ during their first encounter with seawater. 相似文献
8.
海南省海岸带典型区域海水入侵现状评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于海南省东部和南部海岸带地区地下水现场监测数据和室内水化学测定数据,研究了各水化学指标间的相关性,分析了区域海水入侵现状。研究结果表明地下水中Cl~–与Na~+的变异系数较高,与矿化度(TDS)具有强的相关性;以m(Cl~–)(m表示质量浓度)和TDS分别作为评价因子开展了海水入侵现状评价,结果表明研究区域内地下水未受到海水入侵的影响;m(Na~+)/m(Cl~–)、 m(Cl~–)/m(HCO_3~–)、m(Cl~–)/m(SO_4~(2–))、m(Ca~(2+))/m(Na~+)、m(Ca~(2+))/m(Mg~(2+))、钠吸附比(SAR)与m(Cl~–)的相关性分析结果表明m(Na~+)/m(Cl~–)、m(Ca~(2+))/m(Na~+)、m(Ca~(2+))/m(Mg~(2+))以及SAR4个参数可以作为海南省海水入侵判定的评价因子。研究结果对建设海南省"国际旅游岛"战略目标,指导当地合理利用地下水具有参考价值。 相似文献
9.
The protonization constant of HS? (K12) has been determined potentiometrically (glass electrode) at atmospheric pressure in synthetic seawater in the salinity range 2.5–40‰ at 5 and 25°C and in NaCl solutions in the formal ionic strength of 0.1–0.8 M at 5 and 25°C. The difference between synthetic seawater and an NaCl solution with the same formal ionic strength can be explained in terms of the complexation of H+ by sulphate in seawater. These results can be used to compare the pH scales suggested by Hansson (1973c) and Bates (1975). Furthermore, comparison between the present values of K12 and those of Goldhaber and Kaplan (1975) makes it possible to compare the conventional pH scale with Hansson's titration pH scale. The conditional protonization constant of HS? in seawater of different salinities can be used to modify the Gran plots (Hansson and Jagner, 1973) for alkalinity measurements in anoxic seawater. Ion-pair formation between HS? and Mg2+ or Ca2+ seems to be very weak. 相似文献
10.
为了解盐度渐变对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)渗透调节的影响,设置自然海水(对照组盐度为29),5,10,15,20,35六个盐度梯度,并对不同盐度下幼鱼鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压进行了检测和分析。结果显示:在盐度5～35,黄条鰤尿、血清、血浆的渗透压均随盐度升高而升高,盐度为35时渗透压均为最高,其中尿的渗透压显著高于血清和血浆渗透压。在盐度从29下降的过程中,鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压呈现相似的变化规律,都随着盐度的降低而呈现总体下降的趋势;盐度从29升高到35时,各检测指标中仅有尿和血浆的K~+含量无显著变化(P0.05),其余均显著升高(P0.05)。实验结果表明,黄条鰤生存和繁衍的自然海水盐度29是幼鱼存活的适宜盐度,在略低的盐度20～29均能较快适应,说明在盐度渐变过程中,黄条鰤幼鱼对外界盐度变化有较强的调节能力。 相似文献
11.
Association constants of orthophosphate ion with Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were measured at μ = 0.68 and 20°C. The results were used to calculate phosphate speciation in seawater. Free HPO42? ion and MgHPO4o are found to be the predominant species. 相似文献
12.
为研究港原油对毛蚶部分抗氧化酶和代谢酶的影响,设置0.01、0.1、1、3mg/L大港原油水溶液性成分(WSF),采用暴露法研究毛蚶天津群体的鳃、斧足中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)抗氧化酶等抗氧化酶及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、钠/钾泵(Na^+/K^+ATPase)、钙泵(Ga2+/Mg2+ATPase)等代谢相关酶的活性变化,测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,采用整合生物标志物(Integratedbiomarkerresponse,IBR)进行分析。结果表明,毛蚶鳃和斧足中SOD、CAT、GPX表现出一定的剂量-效应关系, MDA含量呈先升高后降低的趋势, 3 mg/L组表现出MDA累积;ACP、AKP、Na^+/K^+ATPase、Ga2+/Mg2+ATPase表现出一定剂量-效应关系,酸性磷酸酶较碱性磷酸酶响应更迅速, Na^+/K^+ATPase较Ga2+/Mg2+ATPase更易受WSF影响;鳃中酶类活性受WSF影响更明显。鳃中SOD、GPX、MDA较斧足高,而CAT则相反。斧足、鳃组织RIB值呈现先下降后上升趋势,与WSF浓度及暴露时间存在剂量-效应关系和时间-效应关系,两组之间存在差异性,斧足累积RIB值高于鳃组织。 相似文献
13.
Pasquale Crea Concetta De Stefano Demetrio Milea Silvio Sammartano 《Marine Chemistry》2008,112(3-4):142-148
The results of a potentiometric investigation (by ISE-H+, glass electrode) on the speciation of phytate ion (Phy12−) in an ionic medium simulating the major components (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl− and SO42−) of natural seawater, at different salinities and t = 25 °C, are reported. The work was particularly aimed at determining the possible formation of mixed Ca2+–Mg2+–phytate ion pairs, and to establish how including the formation of these mixed species would affect the speciation modeling in seawater media. After testing various speciation models, that considering the formation of the MgCaH3Phy5−, MgCaH4Phy4−, Mg2CaH3Phy3− and Mg2CaH4Phy2− species was accepted, and corresponding stability constants were determined at two salinities (S = 5, 10). A discussion is reported both on the choice of the experimental conditions and on the possibility to extend these results to those typical of real seawater. A detailed procedure is also described to demonstrate that the stability of these species is higher than that statistically predicted. As reported in literature, a parameter, namely log X, has been determined in order to quantify this extra stability for the formation of each mixed species at various salinities. For example, at S = 10, log X113 = 2.67 and log X114 = 1.37 for MgCaH3Phy5− and MgCaH4Phy4− (statistical value is log Xstat = 0.60), and log X213 = 6.11 and log X214 = 2.15 for Mg2CaH3Phy3− and Mg2CaH4Phy2− (log Xstat = 1.43), respectively. Results obtained also showed that the formation of these species may occur even in conditions of low salinity (i.e. low concentration of alkaline earth cations) and low pH (i.e., more protonated ligand). 相似文献
14.
Stoichiometric association constants, which have been measured for the ion pairs of Cl? and SO4?2 with Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, were used to determine the speciation in an artificial sea water containing only these ions. The resulting distribution is quite different to that found in earlier models in which chloride ion association was ignored. The concentrations of chloride ion pairs with the cations are 4 to 5 times larger than the concentrations of the sulphate ion pairs with the same cations. The total activity coefficients of the neutral salts in sea water calculated from the model are in good agreement with the experimentally measured values. The concentration of MgSO40 calculated to be present agrees with the amount determined from ultrasonic absorption data. The calculated solubility of gypsum is also in good agreement with the measured values. 相似文献
15.
Frank J Millero 《Marine Chemistry》1986,18(2-4)
The thermodynamics and kinetics of the H2S system in natural waters have been critically reviewed. Equations have been derived for the solubility and ionization of H2S in water and seawater as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Pitzer parameters for the interaction of the major cations (Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) with HS− have been determined to allow one to calculate values of pK1* in various ionic media. The limited data available for the interaction of trace metals for HS− are summarized and future work is suggested.The kinetics of oxidation of H2S have also been examined as a function of pH, temperature, and salinity. The discrepancies in the available data are largely due to the different [O2]/[HS−] ratios used in various studies. Over a limited pH range (6–8) the pseudo first order rate constant for the oxidation is shown to be directly proportional to the activity of HS−. Further studies are suggested to examine the effect of ionic media and temperature on the rate of oxidation. 相似文献
16.
采用海水盐度由25突降至21、17和13胁迫大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)的方法,研究了48h内血清生理生化和鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的变化。结果表明,实验过程中三个盐度突降组的血清Na+、Ca2+离子浓度均未发生显著变化(P>0.05),血清K+浓度均显著升高(P<0.05),且升高幅度与盐度突降幅度呈正相关,最大值达14.03mmol/L(盐度13组,48h);血清Cl浓度在盐度21组未发生显著变化(P>0.05),17和13组则在48h时显著降低(P<0.05);三个盐度突降组的血清酶ALT、AST、LDH、CK-MB活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),随胁迫时间的延长呈先升后降的趋势,且变化幅度均与盐度突降幅度呈正相关;三个盐度突降组的鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力均呈先升后降的变化趋势,除盐度21组在12h时高于对照组外,活力均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且降低幅度与盐度突降幅度呈正相关;到实验15天时,死亡率随盐度突降幅度增大而升高。 相似文献
17.
L. P. Golobokova V. E. Pavlov I. V. Khvostov T. V. Khodjer 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(3):329-335
We consider the resemblance between the ion composition of the fraction of soluble aerosols and gaseous admixtures in the atmospheric surface layer at the high-level Mondy station (East Sayan), those in the Listvyanka settlement south of Lake Baikal, in the city of Irkutsk, and at the Primorskaya station near the city of Ussuriysk (Primorskii krai). We use measurement data on the concentrations of the following ions: HCO 3 ? , SO 4 2? , NO 3 ? , Cl?, H+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ in the soluble fraction of aerosols and gases HNO3, HCl, NH3, and SO2 in air samples over a 10-year period conducted in the mode of online monitoring. We found the lognormal form of distributions of concentrations of each of the abovementioned components according to the number of samples. A versatile scheme of the distribution of mean geometric concentrations of atmospheric components was proposed for all four groups. 相似文献
18.
The kinetics of aggregation of riverine colloidal iron have been examined using a stopped-flow technique which probes the first few seconds of mixing between river and sea water end members. A significant fraction, up to 80%, of the colloidal iron is aggregated during the first 1–2 s of mixing, indicating that the aggregation process is much faster than previously thought. Most of the aggregation induced by seawater results from the divalent cations Mg2+ and Ca2+, with the overall ionic strength having little influence. At equal concentrations of 27 mM, the rate of aggregation by alkaline earth cations increased with ionic size Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+. The aggregation rates were indifferent to the anion (Cl− or SO42−) present. Very high aggregation rates were also induced by the common water treatment coagulant Al2(SO4)3 at concentrations in the range 20–30 µM Al(III), several orders of magnitude lower that those used for the seawater cations. Our results support the view that specific chemical interactions between the cations and the colloid particle surface, rather than simple electrical effects, control the colloid stability. 相似文献
19.