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辽宁近岸海域水质演化及对近海陆域生态水文格局的响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据1991-2000年对辽宁省近岸海域水质的连续监测资料，采用秩相关系数法对辽宁近岸海域水质做了定量评估，结果表明，辽宁省近岸海域海水水质较差，主要污染物为无机氮、活性磷酸盐、石油类和Pb，2000年全省近海海域各类功能区水质总达标率仅为48．1％。秩相关系数趋势预测表明：除COD有下降趋势外，其他主要污染物均有逐年上升趋势，且无机氮的上升趋势最为显著。辽宁省在沿海改革开放的初期，沿海海域的水环境做出了相当大的牺牲：20世纪90年代的中后期水质有了明显的改善，陆域非点源污染对近岸海域水质污染的贡献较大；各主要污染物在各海域的变化不同。生物学指标整体上显示，大连海域和营口海域水质在枯水期要好于丰水期，表现出明显的季节变化。无机氮与石油类和COD呈现出正相关关系，COD与石汕类、活悱磷酸盐和Pb呈现出弱正相关关系，水质PCA结果进一步表明辽宁近海海域水质污染除工业污染外，近海陆域非点源污染对水质污染的贡献最大。生态水文参数的主成分分析(PCA)及与主要污染物的回归分析结果表明，近海海域水质演化受到近海陆域生态水文过程的影响较大，无机氮受到近海陆地水开发影响最大；活性磷酸盐、石油类受到水文过程因子的影响最大；COD和Pb受到农业开发活动的影响最大。建议在辽宁省海水质综合整治的过程中，要加强对近海陆域生态水文过程的调节，实施海陆一体化的综合治理模式。 相似文献
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山东北部近海岸10年环境质量评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在台海洋管区近１０年的水质监测资料，分别采用综合评价两种方法对山东北部近岸海域及上个分海区（莱州湾、龙因台、威海）的水质环境２质量进行证人。评价结果表明，证人海域的主要污染为有机污染和石油；主要污染物为无机氮、石油、活性磷。四个分海区中，莱州湾污染最重，威海近岸海域污染最轻。后５年与前５年相比，有机污染有所加重，石油河南省是到一定遏制。 相似文献
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近岸海域实施污染物排放总量控制的理论与实践 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
多年来在近海和近岸海域进行的水质监测和其它随机性监测的结果表明,我国近岸海域海洋环境日益恶化,污染加剧,生态系统退化,并使外海受到威胁。污染物主要来源于陆源排污,主要污染物是无机氮、无机磷和石油类。 海洋环境的恶化引起了我国政府的高度重视。还在70年代初,我国就从控制污染源排放着 相似文献
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通过分析２００８—２０１０年天津近岸海域调查站位水质、沉积物各项污染物指标、海洋生物指标监测情况,对天津近岸海域的海洋环境现状进行综合评价,得出了近几年天津近岸海域水体富营养化比较严重,氮、磷比例失衡,海洋生物多样性指标偏低的结论。分析各项污染物超标的主要原因是人为过度的向海洋排放各类污水、废弃物,使得海洋环境遭到污染,生物多样性受到威胁。据此,提出加大海洋环境保护宣传力度,主管部门加强海洋环境监管,严格执法、加大生态保护力度,重点治理陆源排污的建议。 相似文献
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厦门市近岸海域水环境污染现状及对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
厦门市位于中国东南沿海,台湾海峡西岸,具有重要的战略地位。然而随着经济社会的发展,近岸海域水环境污染已成为影响厦门市环境质量的瓶颈。文章在分析近岸海域水质状况的基础上,阐述了厦门近岸海域主要污染物来源及污染的主要原因,并提出了关于提高厦门近岸海域水环境质量的对策建议。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献