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1.
V. L. Dorofeev 《Physical Oceanography》2009,19(6):400-409
We consider the decadal evolution of the Black-Sea ecosystem on the basis of a three-dimensional coupled model consisting
of the Black-Sea circulation model and a biogeochemical block. The circulation model is based on the widely used POM (Princeton
Ocean Model) model. The calculated hydrophysical fields are interpolated then to levels of the biogeochemical model, which
covers the upper 150-m layer. We demonstrate the close relationship between the interannual variation of hydrophysical fields
and the evolution of the main elements of the ecosystem. The period under consideration (1992–2001) is characterized by the
warming of the Black-Sea upper layer, which can be traced by the trend of a growing surface temperature. It follows from the
results of modeling that the process of warming is also revealed in the subsurface hydrophysical characteristics and the dynamics
of the main elements of the Black-Sea ecosystem. 相似文献
2.
3.
The Black Sea dynamics for two decades (1993–2012) is analyzed. The study is carried out in numerical simulation with the use of a circulation model and assimilation of satellite measurements of free surface elevations and sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). The Black Sea circulation model has a spatial resolution of 4.8 km and 35 vertical levels, which thicken toward the surface. Arrays of ERA-Interim data are used for simulating the atmospheric forcing. A set of 3D arrays of the Black Sea hydrophysical fields is calculated on a regular grid with a time resolution of 24 h. The results are analyzed and compared with available contact measurements of temperature and salinity. This comparison shows a quite good quality of the resulted hydrophysical fields of the Black Sea. 相似文献
4.
V. A. Ivanov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2014,50(1):26-34
As part of the Russian-Ukrainian program “The Black Sea as a Simulation Model of the Ocean,” the monitoring of the marine environment is considered using modern measuring systems. On the basis of historical and contemporary observation data, we estimate the spatial and temporal scales of dominant processes in the Black Sea. We describe the main measuring systems used to monitor the structure and variability of the hydrophysical fields. Examples characterizing the specific features of the Black Sea processes are presented. 相似文献
5.
The long-term evolution of the Black Sea dynamics (1980–2020) is reconstructed by numerical simulation. The model of the Black Sea circulation has 4.8 km horizontal spatial resolution and 40 levels in z-coordinates. The mixing processes in the upper layer are parameterized by Mellor-Yamada turbulent model. For the sea surface boundary conditions, atmospheric forcing functions were used, provided for the Black Sea region by the Euro mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC) from the COSMO-CLM regional climate model. These data have a spatial resolution of 14 km and a daily temporal resolution. To evaluate the quality of the hydrodynamic fields derived from the simulation, they were compared with in-situ hydrological measurements and similar results from physical reanalysis of the Black Sea. 相似文献
6.
We analyze the seasonal variability of the climatic hydrophysical fields of the Black Sea reporduced in three numerical experiments
carried out according to the model of circulation. The numerical predictions are performed for a period of 12.5 yr on the
basis of the hydrological data accumulated in 1983–1995. The monthly average climatic fields of the current speed are reconstructed
according to the data on the climatic fields of temperature and salinity by the method of hydrodynamic adaptation (standard).
It is shown that, in prognostic calculations, the seasonal variability of temperature and salinity is qualitatively close
to the “standard” dependence. At the same time, the quantitative difference between the climatic behavior of the model and
the standard dependence may be significant. The annual cycle of the currents is characterized by the intensification of the
Main Black-Sea Current in winter. The structure of the hydrophysical fields of the sea in the model becomes much more realistic
if it is based on the actual hydrological data.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
7.
A numerical technique is presented for simulating the hydrophysical fields of the Black Sea on a variable-step grid with refinement in the area of IO RAS polygon. Model primitive equations are written in spherical coordinates with an arbitrary arrangement of poles. In order to increase the horizontal resolution of the coastal zone in the area of the IO RAS polygon in the northeastern part of the sea near Gelendzhik, one of the poles is placed at a land point (38.35° E, 44.75° N). The model horizontal resolution varies from 150 m in the area of the IO RAS polygon to 4.6 km in the southwestern part of the Black Sea. The numerical technique makes it possible to simulate a large-scale structure of Black Sea circulation as well as the meso- and submesoscale dynamics of the coastal zone. In order to compute the atmospheric forcing, the results of the regional climate model WRF with a resolution of about 10 km in space and 1 h in time are used. In order to demonstrate the technique, Black Sea hydrophysical fields for 2011–2012 and a passive tracer transport representing self-cleaning of Gelendzhik Bay in July 2012 are simulated. 相似文献
8.
A. I. Mizyuk M. V. Senderov G. K. Korotaev A. S. Sarkysyan 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(5):570-578
A parallel version of the NEMO complex ocean circulation model has been implemented for the Black Sea basin; the results of circulation numerical modeling with a high spatial resolution are presented. Analysis of the spatial variability is performed for the reconstructed hydrophysical fields in 2005–2008. The resulting simulated spatial variability characteristics of the sea surface temperature are compared with available satellite observational data. 相似文献
9.
V. V. Knysh G. K. Korotaev V. A. Moiseenko A. I. Kubryakov V. N. Belokopytov N. V. Inyushina 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(3):399-411
We pioneered a retrospective analysis of Black Sea hydrophysical fields for the period from 1971 to 1993. We describe a reanalysis algorithm based on the assimilation (in a σ-coordinate circulation model) of observed temperature and salinity data obtained on hydrophysical test areas. The thickness of the cold intermediate layer (CIL) and its freezing capacity for 1985 to 1993 were found to be increasing. At the levels of 0, 50, 75, and 100 m, the tendency of variations in annual values of level-averaged temperature is negative. At the level of 200 m and deeper, the linear trends of the interannual course of temperature are positive. We found that the linear trends of interannual variations in salinity are negative in the upper layer of 0 to 50 m and positive at 75 m and deeper. The sea-water circulation in the layer from 0 to 300 m was observed to be maximum in February–March and minimum in September–October. The characteristic of the linear trend of interannual variations in the kinetic energy of currents averaged over the sea surface is negative, while its value is positive in the layer from 50 to 100 m. Some factors responsible for the formation of hydrophysical fields in the sea and their seasonal and interannual variations were indicated. We revealed that there is a qualitative resemblance between seasonal and interannual variations [4, 26] in temperature, salinity, and kinetic energy. 相似文献
10.
11.
On the basis of an analysis of the results of modeling and a forecast of the basic hydrophysical fields in the easternmost part of the Black Sea for 2010–2012, the features of annual variability of regional circulating processes in this part of the sea basin are investigated. A forecast of a hydrological mode is made on the basis of the regional forecasting system developed at the Institute of Geophysics at Javakhishvili State University in cooperation with the oceanographic centers of the Black Sea riparian countries within the frame-work of the ARENA and ECOOP EU international scientific and technical projects. The regional system is one of the components of the Black Sea basin-scale Nowcasting/Forecasting System. The analysis of the material cumulated for the registered period shows that the easternmost water area of the Black Sea is a dynamically active zone where there is a continuous formation of different circulating processes considerably distinguished from each other. 相似文献
12.
A numerical model of online forecasting Black Sea currents 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. G. Demyshev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(1):120-132
A numerical three-dimensional nonlinear model of the hydrophysical fields of the Black Sea is presented. The properties of
model discrete equations are described. The results of test experiments on the choice of model finite-difference approximations
and parameters (as applied to the online forecasting of currents) are given. The results of prognostic calculations of the
hydrophysical fields of the Black Sea are given for the period of March 31, 2005, to September 26, 2006. These results show
that this numerical model with consideration for real atmospheric forcing can yield a satisfactory forecast of the parameters
of the upper layers of the sea for 18 months of model time. 相似文献
13.
The results of research into the seasonal variability of hydrothermodynamic characteristics of the Black Sea are presented. These have been obtained using field data on the fields of temperature, salinity, and wind, and by mathematical modelling. The seasonal variability of the current and heat content fields and of the cold intermediate layer and other hydrophysical characteristics is discussed.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
14.
K. A. Korotenko 《Oceanology》2017,57(3):394-401
The eddy-resolving (1/30)° version of the low-dissipative DieCAST [7] ocean circulation model is used for modeling processes of the protrusion of near-coastal anticyclonic eddies (NAEs) through the Rim Current (RC). Under mean climatic forcing, the model realistically reproduces the evolution of the Caucasian NAE (CNAE) from its generation, formation of an attached anticyclonic meander, protrusion through the RC, and, finally, to the formation of an isolated anticyclonic eddy and its dissipation within the Eastern Cyclonic Gyre of the Black Sea. The process of double protrusion of the CNAE and the Kizil-Yirmak NAE into the RC, their passages through the RC, and merging in the eastern part of the Black Sea is also considered. The modeled space-time parameters of NAE evolution agree well with satellite observations [15, 23]. 相似文献
15.
G. K. Korotaev A. S. Sarkisyan V. V. Knysh P. N. Lishaev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(4):418-430
A retrospective analysis has been done for the hydrophysical fields of the Black Sea for 1993–2012 with the assimilation of undisturbed monthly average profiles of temperature and salinity that were obtained by using an original procedure of joint processing of satellite altimetry and rare hydrological observations. The accuracy of the reconstructed fields of temperature and salinity of the Black Sea is evaluated by comparison with the data of sounding from the hydrological stations and the Argo floats. A comparative analysis is performed for the integral characteristics of the fields of temperature, salinity, and kinetic energy with the same characteristics of the reanalysis for 1992–2012 that assimilated the average annual profiles of temperature and salinity, surface temperature and altimetry level of the sea after being adjusted with respect to climate seasonal variability. The proposed procedure of the reanalysis execution allows a more precise reconstruction of the interannual variability of temperature and salinity stratification in the main pycnocline. The correlation between the annual and seasonal variability of the eddy of the wind friction tangential stress and the average kinetic energy at the levels is revealed. 相似文献
16.
A. N. Lukyanova A. V. Bagaev V. A. Ivanov V. B. Zalesny 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(6):624-631
The Black Sea shelf is a region of intense manifestation of various dynamical processes. Under the influence of different natural forces, eddy-wave phenomena develop here, which influence the general circulation of sea waters, biological productivity, and the condition of the engineering structures. Modern numerical models allow us to simulate and analyze the processes of the joint dynamics of marine circulation and large-scale waves. In this work, we study the spatiotemporal spectral characteristics of the sea level and velocity fluctuations formed due to atmospheric forcing and tidal potential. The hydrophysical fields are calculated using the Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS), σ model based on primitive equations. We use the CORE data as atmospheric forcing at the sea surface; the tidal potential is described by the semidiurnal lunar constituent M2. Analyzing the simulation results makes it possible to emphasize that accounting for the semidiurnal tidal potential not only improves the accuracy of the sea-level calculation at coastal stations, but also generates subinertial baroclinic oscillations previously found in the Black Sea from the data of in situ observations. 相似文献
17.
《Ocean Modelling》2004,6(3-4):285-334
We have developed a general 1-D multi-component ecosystem model that incorporates a skillful upper ocean mixed layer model based on second moment closure of turbulence. The model is intended for eventual incorporation into coupled 3-D physical–biogeochemical ocean models with potential applications to modeling and studying primary productivity and carbon cycling in the global oceans as well as to promote the use of chlorophyll concentrations, in concert with satellite-sensed ocean color, as a diagnostic tool to delineate circulation features in numerical circulation models. The model is nitrogen-based and the design is deliberately general enough and modular to enable many of the existing ecosystem model formulations to be simulated and hence model-to-model comparisons rendered feasible. In its more general form (GEM10), the model solves for nitrate, ammonium, dissolved nitrogen, bacteria and two size categories of phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus, in addition to solving for dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity to enable estimation of the carbon dioxide flux at the air–sea interface. Dissolved oxygen is another prognostic variable enabling air–sea exchange of oxygen to be calculated. For potential applications to HNLC regions where productivity is constrained by the availability of a trace constituent such as iron, the model carries the trace constituent as an additional prognostic variable. Here we present 1-D model simulations for the Black Sea, Station PAPA and the BATS site. The Black Sea simulations assimilate seasonal monthly SST, SSS and surface chlorophyll, and the seasonal modulations compare favorably with earlier work. Station PAPA simulations for 1975–1977 with GEM5 assimilating observed SST and a plausible seasonal modulation of surface chlorophyll concentration also compare favorably with earlier work and with the limited observations on nitrate and pCO2 available. Finally, GEM5 simulations at BATS for 1985–1997 are consistent with the available time series. The simulations suggest that while it is generally desirable to employ a comprehensive ecosystem model with a large number of components when accurate depiction of the entire ecosystem is desirable, as is the prevailing practice, a simpler formulation such as GEM5 (N2PZD model) combined with assimilation of remotely sensed SST and chlorophyll concentrations may suffice for incorporation into 3-D prediction models of primary productivity, upper ocean optical clarity and carbon cycling. 相似文献
18.
S. G. Demyshev S. V. Dovgaya V. A. Ivanov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(4):418-426
A long-term (18 years) prognostic experiment on the formation of the Marmara Sea hydrodynamic structure driven by the exchange through straits with zero atmospheric forcing is carried out using a numerical nonlinear circulation model. The seasonal variability is taken into account by specifying the water temperature in the Bosporus. It is shown that the mutual adaptation of hydrophysical fields and their adjustment to the physical and geographical conditions of the sea are caused by rapid (tens of days) and slow (several tens of years) adjustment mechanisms. An S-shaped jet current directed from the Bosporus Strait to the Dardanelles is formed in the upper 20-m layer. A cyclonic eddy is periodically formed near the northern boundary of the Marmara Sea. An anticyclonic pattern is well defined in the central part of the sea. In deeper layers there is an abyssal jet current formed by the inflow of the high-density Aegean water to the Marmara Sea. These features of the Marmara Sea circulation are confirmed by observational data. 相似文献
19.
《Oceanologica Acta》2002,25(2):101-116
Dependency of major hydrophysical/chemical features of highly stratified basins on density surfaces in the vertical makes isopycnic models an attractive tool for simulating the dynamics of marginal marine environments such as the Black Sea because of the ability of these models to restrict vertical transport to some desirable degree. In the present work the seasonal variations of the subsurface dynamics of the Black Sea are investigated using an isopycnic model. Particular attention is given to the interfaces of the Cold intermediate layer and Suboxic layer and finally, the deep layer circulation in the basin is studied. It appears that although the depth range of the base of the Cold intermediate layer and the lower Soboxic layer interface do not change seasonally, their horizontal distribution is defined by the upper layer dynamics of the basin. Cyclonic surface circulation diminishes with increasing depth and the deep layer circulation is characterised by an anti-cyclonic rim current driven by density gradients created from river runoff and the influx of Mediterranean water. 相似文献
20.
Distribution of Sea of Azov water on the Crimean shelf and its penetration into the Gulf of Feodosia result in significant changes in the hydrophysical and hydrochemical structure of the water area. This inflow is also estimated as a major source of anthropogenic pollution in the region. At the same time, the Gulf of Feodosia is one of the least investigated areas of Russian Black Sea coast. The paper focuses on the hydrophysical structure of the Gulf of Feodosia and southeastern part of the Crimean shelf. The results of a field survey in May 2015 made it possible to reveal the presence of Sea of Azov water in the gulf and describe its thermohaline properties, along with the character of distribution. It is shown that contamination of Sea of Azov water in the gulf could mostly be determined by the synoptic dynamic processes in the area rather than by the seasonal variability of discharge in the Kerch Strait. The possible influence of the distribution of Sea of Azov water on the formation of cyclonic gyres in the coastal area of the region is indirectly confirmed by in situ measurements. 相似文献