共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 122 毫秒
1.
基于Icepack一维海冰柱模式,以2014年中国第6次北极科学考察长期冰站ICE06的3个融池的辐射参量和气象参量的连续观测作为大气强迫数据,对融池反照率及相关参量进行了模拟。本文引入观测的融池深度及海冰厚度作为初始条件,通过考虑融池覆盖率的作用,改进了平整冰融池参数化方案中海冰干舷的计算,修正了冰上可允许的最大融池深度,成功实现了对融池参数变化的模拟;同时,还修正了入射辐射分量比例系数与对应反照率分量权重系数不一致的问题。标准试验中,模拟的3个融池的反照率与观测结果之间的平均误差分别为0.01、0.05和0.13;入射辐射比例的敏感性试验结果表明,当可见光辐射比例增大8%时,融池反照率的模拟结果增大了6%～8%;融池表面再冻结试验的结果显示,当再冻结冰层厚度小于2 cm时,模拟冰面反照率的增加不足0.006,由此引起的表面能量收支减少了约1.1 W/m2。本文研究指出,准确的入射辐射比例对于改善北极海冰反照率模拟是必要的;并指出目前模式仍存在融池表面再冻结参数化、热收支计算、表面吹雪效应等有待解决的问题。 相似文献
2.
CICE5.0与BCC_CSM2.0模式的耦合及对北极海冰的模拟评估 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文将美国Los Alamos国家实验室发展的最新海冰模式CICE5.0引入国家气候中心气候系统模式BCC_CSM2.0,替代原有的海冰模式SIS,形成一个新的耦合模式。在此基础上,评估新耦合模式对1985-2009年北极海冰的模拟性能,检验引入CICE5.0后对耦合模式中北极海冰、海洋和大气模拟结果的改进。结果表明,引入CICE5.0后,模式能较好地模拟出北极海冰的空间分布、季节以及年际变化特征。相比于旧版本耦合模式,新耦合模式模拟的北极多年冰增多、一年冰减少,同时,海冰增厚、海冰流速减慢,模拟效果得到显著改进,对波弗特涡流模拟的改善尤为明显。进一步分析发现,相比于SIS,CICE5.0对北极海冰特别是海冰厚度模拟性能的提升,在耦合进入BCC_CSM2.0后,会触发冰-温的正反馈机制,改进了模式对海平面气压场、表层气温和海表温度的模拟,由此进一步提高了模式对北极海冰的模拟能力。 相似文献
3.
BCC_CSM对北极海冰的模拟:CMIP5和CMIP6历史试验比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文利用北京气候中心气候系统模式(BCC_CSM)在最近两个耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5和CMIP6)的历史试验模拟结果，对北极海冰范围和冰厚的模拟性能进行了比较，结果表明:(1) CMIP6改善了CMIP5模拟海冰范围季节变化过大的问题，总体上更接近观测结果；(2)两个CMIP试验阶段中BCC_CSM模拟的海冰厚度都偏小，但CMIP6试验对夏季海冰厚度过薄问题有所改进。通过对影响海冰生消过程的冰面和冰底热收支的分析，我们探讨了上述模拟偏差以及CMIP6模拟结果改善的成因。分析表明，8?9月海洋热通量、向下短波辐射和反照率对模拟结果的误差影响较大，CMIP6试验在这些方面有较大改善；而12月至翌年2月，CMIP5模拟的北极海冰范围偏大主要是海洋热通量偏低所导致，CMIP6模拟的海洋热通量较CMIP5大，但北大西洋表层海流的改善才是巴芬湾附近海冰外缘线位置改善的主要原因。CMIP试验模拟的夏季海冰厚度偏薄主要是因为6?8月海洋热通量和冰面热收支都偏大，而CMIP6试验模拟的夏季海冰厚度有所改善主要是由于海洋热通量和净短波辐射的改善。海冰模拟结果的改善与CMIP6海冰模块和大气模块参数化的改进有直接和间接的关系，通过改变短波辐射、冰面反照率和海洋热通量，使BCC_CSM模式对北极海冰的模拟性能也得到有效提高。 相似文献
4.
一种海冰热力过程参数化方案 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
由于海冰热力过程太复杂,难于精确计算冰面和水面热量收支方程中的每一项,并且净热量收支比每项小得多,因此难以确定海冰热力一动力模式中的净热通量。本文根据渤海的水文气象观测,详细分析了太阳短波辐射、长波辐射、云量、感热和潜热等对海冰热力增长函数的贡献,给出了一种海冰热力过程的参数化方案。并选取２个典型的个例进行了对比研究。模拟结果表明,该参数化方案能较好地模拟渤海海冰的热力过程。 相似文献
5.
极低太阳高度条件下穿透海冰的太阳辐射研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于2007年冬季北极的透射辐射光学数据,研究了极低太阳高度条件下的太阳辐射特征。低太阳高度时较短波长的可见光受到削弱,而较长波长的光得以保留,呈现明显的双峰结构。由于考察时的海冰都是新冻结的当年冰,厚度小,积雪层很薄,海冰的反射率较低,有较高比例的太阳辐射进入海冰或海洋。没有积雪的冰面由于反射率随波长增加而减少,更高比例的长波进入海冰。但在透射辐射光谱中,490 nm的光重新占优势,较长波长的光在穿过海冰时受到很大的削弱。因此,在低太阳高度的条件下,较短波长的光在大气中受到显著削弱,而较长波长的光在海冰中受到显著削弱,大气和海冰共同作用的结果使进入冰下海水的太阳辐射能更加微弱。但是,海冰对较长波长光的吸收使海冰获取较多的热量,减缓海冰的冻结过程。 相似文献
6.
海冰厚度是监测与研究渤海海冰的重要参数。为了获取更加可靠的渤海海冰厚度数据,本研究基于MODIS数据对海冰厚度反演中的冰水分离环节和冰厚计算方法都进行了改进。对于冰水分离环节,本文在Canny边缘检测算子提取海冰基础上,加入了二值化处理、阈值判别等步骤,实现了较高精度的渤海海冰范围自动化提取。通过试验确定了海冰厚度与反照率指数关系模型中的参数,包括海冰衰减系数和海水反照率参数,使其更加符合渤海海区的物理特征。将改进后算法的海冰厚度反演结果与渤海海上石油平台实测数据进行比较,并分析了误差来源。结果表明,经过对算法的改进,海冰厚度与反照率指数关系模型的反演结果与实测数据之间的平均绝对误差由7.05 cm缩小到2.74 cm,相关系数由0.434提高到0.485。 相似文献
7.
8.
2016年8月7－14日中国第七次北极科学考察期间，在83°N附近设立的长期浮冰站开展了辐射和湍流通量观测研究。结果表明，观测期间反照率变化范围为0.64~0.92，平均反照率为0.78；基于现场观测数据评估了PW79、HIRHAM、ARCSYM和CCSM3 4种不同复杂度的反照率参数化方案在天气尺度的表现，最为复杂的CCSM3结果优于其他参数化方案，但不能体现降雪条件下的反照率快速增长。浮冰区冰雪面平均净辐射为18.10 W/m2，平均感热通量为1.73 W/m2，平均潜热通量为5.55 W/m2，海冰表面消融率为（0.30±0.22） cm/d，表明此时北冰洋浮冰正处于快速消融期。冰面的平均动量通量为0.098（kg·m/s）/（m2·s），动量通量与风速有很好的对应关系，相关系数达0.80。 相似文献
9.
渤海海冰特征厚度分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
通过海冰生消机理和数值试验,讨论了渤海海冰特征厚度的存在条件;对不同厚度的海冰表面温度、冰面热量收支、冰面下热传导和太阳辐射透射量进行了对比分析,分析了渤海海冰向特征冰厚的动态演化过程;在不同气温、风速、相对湿度和海洋热通量等气象和水文条件下,对渤海特征冰厚进行了计算;讨论了海冰生消的动态平衡过程,分析了1997/1998年冬季辽东湾JZ20-2海域实测冰厚与特征冰厚的相互关系。对渤海特征冰厚分析将有助于渤海海冰数值模拟工作的开展和对不同重现期设计冰厚的推算。 相似文献
10.
海冰的热力过程及其与动力过程的耦合模拟 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
研究和讨论了海气相互作用过程中海冰演变的物理过程；大气和海洋对海冰的热力作用以及冰内物理过程；大气和海洋热力学参数对冰厚和密集度等冰情参数的影响和上述物理过程的数学处理。计算了冰面与水面能量收支，并分析海冰热力增长函数的特征；将热力模式与动力模式。对渤海１９８９－１９９０年度海冰进行数值模拟。结果表明，考虑热力过程的热动力模式，对类似于１９９０年２月１２－１８日海冰融化过程显示出明显的优越性，模拟 相似文献
12.
中国第四次北极科学考察期间北极点附近海冰和融池的航空遥感观测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
An aerial photography has been used to provide validation data on sea ice near the North Pole where most polar orbiting satellites cannot cover. This kind of data can also be used as a supplement for missing data and for reducing the uncertainty of data interpolation. The aerial photos are analyzed near the North Pole collected during the Chinese national arctic research expedition in the summer of 2010(CHINARE2010). The result shows that the average fraction of open water increases from the ice camp at approximately 87°N to the North Pole, resulting in the decrease in the sea ice. The average sea ice concentration is only 62.0% for the two flights(16 and 19 August 2010). The average albedo(0.42) estimated from the area ratios among snow-covered ice,melt pond and water is slightly lower than the 0.49 of HOTRAX 2005. The data on 19 August 2010 shows that the albedo decreases from the ice camp at approximately 87°N to the North Pole, primarily due to the decrease in the fraction of snow-covered ice and the increase in fractions of melt-pond and open-water. The ice concentration from the aerial photos and AMSR-E(The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System) images at 87.0°–87.5°N exhibits similar spatial patterns, although the AMSR-E concentration is approximately 18.0%(on average) higher than aerial photos. This can be attributed to the 6.25 km resolution of AMSR-E, which cannot separate melt ponds/submerged ice from ice and cannot detect the small leads between floes. Thus, the aerial photos would play an important role in providing high-resolution independent estimates of the ice concentration and the fraction of melt pond cover to validate and/or supplement space-borne remote sensing products near the North Pole. 相似文献
13.
Information on the Arctic sea ice climate indicators is crucial to business strategic planning and climate monitoring. Data on the evolvement of the Arctic sea ice and decadal trends of phenology factors during melt season are necessary for climate prediction under global warming. Previous studies on Arctic sea ice phenology did not involve melt ponds that dramatically lower the ice surface albedo and tremendously affect the process of sea ice surface melt. Temporal means and trends of the Arctic sea ice phenology from 1982 to 2017 were examined based on satellite-derived sea ice concentration and albedo measurements. Moreover, the timing of ice ponding and two periods corresponding to it were newly proposed as key stages in the melt season. Therefore, four timings, i.e., date of snow and ice surface melt onset (MO), date of pond onset (PO), date of sea ice opening (DOO), and date of sea ice retreat (DOR); and three durations, i.e., melt pond formation period (MPFP, i.e., MO–PO), melt pond extension period (MPEP, i.e., PO–DOR), and seasonal loss of ice period (SLIP, i.e., DOO–DOR), were used. PO ranged from late April in the peripheral seas to late June in the central Arctic Ocean in Bootstrap results, whereas the pan-Arctic was observed nearly 4 days later in NASA Team results. Significant negative trends were presented in the MPEP in the Hudson Bay, the Baffin Bay, the Greenland Sea, the Kara and Barents seas in both results, indicating that the Arctic sea ice undergoes a quick transition from ice to open water, thereby extending the melt season year to year. The high correlation coefficient between MO and PO, MPFP illustrated that MO predominates the process of pond formation. 相似文献
14.
2018年北极太平洋区域夏季海冰物理及光学性质的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The reduction in Arctic sea ice in summer has been reported to have a significant impact on the global climate. In this study, Arctic sea ice/snow at the end of the melting season in 2018 was investigated during CHINARE-2018, in terms of its temperature, salinity, density and textural structure, the snow density, water content and albedo, as well as morphology and albedo of the refreezing melt pond. The interior melting of sea ice caused a strong stratification of temperature, salinity and density. The temperature of sea ice ranged from –0.8℃ to 0℃, and exhibited linear cooling with depth. The average salinity and density of sea ice were approximately 1.3 psu and 825 kg/m~3, respectively, and increased slightly with depth. The first-year sea ice was dominated by columnar grained ice. Snow cover over all the investigated floes was in the melt phase, and the average water content and density were 0.74% and 241 kg/m~3, respectively. The thickness of the thin ice lid ranged from 2.2 cm to 7.0 cm, and the depth of the pond ranged from 1.8 cm to 26.8 cm. The integrated albedo of the refreezing melt pond was in the range of 0.28–0.57. Because of the thin ice lid, the albedo of the melt pond improved to twice as high as that of the mature melt pond. These results provide a reference for the current state of Arctic sea ice and the mechanism of its reduction. 相似文献
15.
New dynamics parameterizations in Version 5 of the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, CICE, feature an anisotropic rheology and variable drag coefficients. This study investigates their effect on Arctic sea ice volume and age simulations, along with the effects of several pre-existing model options: a parameter that represents the mean cumulative area of ice participating in ridging, the resolution of the ice thickness distribution, and the resolution of the vertical temperature and salinity profiles.By increasing shear stress between floes, the anisotropic rheology slows the ice motion, producing a thicker, older ice pack. The inclusion of variable drag coefficients, which depend on modeled roughness elements such as deformed ice and melt pond edges, leads to thinner ice and a more realistic simulation of sea ice age. Several feedback processes act to enhance differences among the runs. Notably, if less open water is produced mechanically through ice deformational processes, the simulated ice thins relative to runs with more mechanically produced open water. Thermodynamic processes can have opposing effects on ice age and volume; for instance, growth of new ice increases the volume while decreasing the age of the pack. Therefore, age data provides additional information useful for differentiating among process parameterization effects and sensitivities to other model parameters.Resolution of thicker ice types is crucial for proper modeling of sea ice volume, because the volume of ice in the thicker ice categories determines the total ice volume. Model thickness categories tend to focus resolution for thinner ice; this paper demonstrates that 5 ice thickness categories are not enough to accurately resolve the ice thickness distribution for simulations of ice volume. 相似文献
16.
A one-dimensional thermodynamic model of melt pond is established in this paper.The observation data measured in the summer of 2010 by the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE-2010) are used to partially parameterize equations and to validate results of the model.About 85% of the incident solar radiation passed through the melt pond surface,and some of it was released in the form of sensible and latent heat.However,the released energy was very little(about 15%),compared to the incident solar radiation.More than 58.6% of the incident energy was absorbed by melt pond water,which caused pond-covered ice melting and variation of pond water temperature.The simulated temperature of melt pond had a diurnal variation and its value ranged between 0.0°C and 0.3°C.The melting rate of upper pond-covered ice is estimated to be around two times faster than snow-covered ice.At same time,the change of melting rate was relatively quick for pond depth less than 0.4 m,while the melting rate kept relatively constant(about 1.0 cm/d) for pond depth greater than 0.4 m. 相似文献
17.
1Introduction Seaiceplaysanimportantroleinmoderating heatandmoistureexchangesbetweentheatmosphere andtheoceanathighlatitudes.Seaicealsointeracts withthebroaderclimatesystembythepositiveice albedofeedback(Curryetal.,1995),whichamplifies projectedclimatewarmingatthehighlatitudes,andby theoceanicfeedbackinvolvingicegrowthandmelt, whichinfluencesglobalthermohalinecirculation(i.e., theNorthAtlanticDeepWaterandtheAntarcticBot- tomWater)(Walsh,1983;Barryetal.,1993). Recently,theimplementationofas… 相似文献
18.
《Ocean Modelling》2010,35(3-4):137-149
Passive microwave satellite observations of ice extent and concentration form the foundation of sea ice model evaluations, due to their wide spatial coverage and decades-long availability. Observations related to other model quantities are somewhat more limited but increasing as interest in high-latitude processes intensifies. Sea ice thickness, long judged a critical quantity in the physical system, is now being scrutinized more closely in sea ice model simulations as more expansive measurements become available. While albedo is often the first parameter chosen by modelers to adjust simulated ice thickness, this paper explores a set of less prominent parameters to which thickness is also quite sensitive. These include parameters associated with sea ice conductivity, mechanical redistribution, oceanic heat flux, and ice–ocean dynamic stress, in addition to shortwave radiation. Multiple combinations of parameter values can produce the same mean ice thickness using the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, CICE. One of these “tuned” simulations is compared with a variety of observational data sets in both hemispheres. While deformed ice area compares well with the limited observations available for ridged ice, thickness measurements differ such that the model cannot agree with all of them simultaneously. Albedo and ice–ocean dynamic parameters that affect the turning of the ice relative to the ocean currents have the largest effect on ice thickness, of the parameters tested here. That is, sea ice thickness is highly sensitive to changes in external forcing by the atmosphere or ocean, and therefore serves as a sensitive diagnostic for high-latitude change. 相似文献